Any combination of metabolic abnormalities may constitute the metabolic syndrome (MetS), conferring coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but the independent effect of different combinations on CAD onset remains unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS" Healthy adult siblings (n = 987) of premature CAD (<60 years) case subjects were followed for 9.8 ...

Substantial evidence suggests an increasing burden of hypertension (HTN) in urban sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, data on HTN prevalence in rural SSA are sparse. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated magnitude and correlates of HTN in rural SSA. Study participants (N=1485), 18 years and above, were selected using a stratified ...

According to previous studies endogenous ouabain (EO) closely correlates with high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and kidney disease in humans. Our aims were to analyse associations between plasma, urinary EO level and various markers of cardiovascular damage in treated hypertensive patients. Forty-one adult patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus ...

Individuals with impaired lung function have an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Improved understanding of the factors associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the setting of lung function impairment is needed. We set out to determine in a nationwide population-based cohort whether impaired lung function as measured by forced expiratory ...

Previous studies on the prognostic significance of the morning blood pressure surge (MS) produced inconsistent results. Using the International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome, we analyzed 5645 subjects (mean age: 53.0 years; 54.0% women) randomly recruited in 8 countries. The sleep-through and the preawakening MS ...

To calculate robust quantitative estimates on the predictive value of central pressures and derived central haemodynamic indices for cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and all-cause mortality by meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. We meta-analysed 11 longitudinal studies that had employed measures of central haemodynamics and had followed 5648 subjects for a mean follow-up ...

To identify subjects with pre-hypertension and elevated cardiovascular risk factors in a community pharmacy and to assess their readiness to adopt lifestyle changes. An accredited community pharmacy in Songkla province, Thailand. Subjects aged >or= 35 years old and reporting no hypertension or other cardiovascular disease were included. Blood pressure was ...

The study examines the relationship between sudden changes in weather conditions in summer, represented by (1) sudden air temperature changes, (2) sudden atmospheric pressure changes, and (3) passages of strong atmospheric fronts; and variations in daily mortality in the population of the Czech Republic. The events are selected from data ...

Records of repeated examinations of blood pressure are increasingly available for primary care patients, but the use of this information in predicting incident hypertension remains unclear, because cohort studies with repeat blood pressure monitoring are rare. We compared the incremental value of using data on blood pressure history to a ...

Traffic exposure may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via systemic inflammation and elevated blood pressure, two important clinical markers for managing disease progression. We assessed degree and consistency of association between traffic exposure indicators as predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulse pressure (PP) in an adult U.S. Puerto Rican ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether retinal arteriolar narrowing, possibly reflecting peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction, predicts risk of hypertension in Japanese persons. METHODS: The Funagata study is a population-based cohort study of Japanese aged 35+ years. Baseline examinations were conducted in 2000-2002 among 1058 persons without hypertension. Of these, 581 persons (55%) returned ...

OBJECTIVES: To follow blood pressure change over time in participants who had participated in a 1- year chronic disease management program focused on blood pressure reduction. The expectation was that blood pressure would return back to the baseline once the study was completed. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-arm observational study. METHODS: ...

Although insulin resistance (IR) is thought to be related to vascular dysfunction, the difference in the relationship of IR to microvasculature and macrovasculature reactivity has not yet been clarified. The present study was conducted to clarify whether the IR is more closely related to the macrovasculature reactivity (flow-mediated vasodilatation of ...

Recent studies have started to suggest that, beyond effects of individual socioeconomic profiles, socioeconomic characteristics of residential neighborhoods are independently associated with blood pressure. However, mechanisms involved in these associations remain unknown. To distinguish between different mechanisms, we investigated whether specific risk factors of hypertension (physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, ...

Shandong Province is located in the east of China. The province is characterized by robust economic development, with a rural population accounting for 56% of the total population. However, no data are available regarding temporal changes in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among this population. Three independent ...

Greater phosphorus intake has been associated with lower levels of blood pressure in cross-sectional studies. This association, however, has not been assessed prospectively. We studied 13 444 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, with diet assessed at baseline using validated food frequency ...

PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its systemic relevant factors in a general Japanese population aged 40 years or older. METHODS: In 1998, 1775 Hisayama residents consented to participate in the study. Each participant underwent a comprehensive examination that included ophthalmic testing. RVO was determined ...

Previous longitudinal cohort studies have suggested an association between baseline depressive symptoms and incident hypertension. We assessed this possible association using data from the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a population-based prospective cohort study of 6814 US adults from 4 different racial/ethnic groups. Baseline users of antihypertensive medications and participants lost ...

To analyze patients suffering from penetrating colon injuries management, clinical outcomes and factors, which predict higher morbidity and complications rate. this was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients with injured colon from 1995 to 2008. Age, time till operation, systolic blood pressure, part of injured colon, fecal ...

The Kanyini Guidelines Adherence with the Polypill (Kanyini-GAP) Study aims to examine whether a polypill-based strategy (using a single capsule containing aspirin, a statin and two blood pressure-lowering agents) amongst Indigenous and non-Indigenous people at high risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event will improve adherence to guideline-indicated therapies, and lower ...

Cigarette smoking is a powerful cardiovascular risk factor and smoking cessation is the single most effective lifestyle measure for the prevention of a large number of cardiovascular diseases. Impairment of endothelial function, arterial stiffness, inflammation, lipid modification as well as an alteration of antithrombotic and prothrombotic factors are smoking-related major ...

Vascular calcification is a feature of arteriosclerosis and in hemodialysis (HD) patients it may be severe, even at a relatively young age, and is closely related to the overall prognosis. We used the aortic calcification area index (ACAI), derived from the aortic calcification index (ACI), to evaluate and analyze the ...

PURPOSE: Professional bus drivers are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but the underlying causes are unclear. Professional bus drivers often follow shift schedules. Especially, an association between shift work and early manifestations of cardiovascular disease has not been elucidated. Thus we investigated the links between shift work and arteriosclerosis ...

Garlic is an important component in the complementary and alternative medicine. Large segments of population believe in and utilize herbal products even when these have not been as thoroughly researched as garlic. Experimental and clinical studies confirm that the ancient experience with beneficial effects of garlic holds validity even in ...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is regarded as a decrease primarily in systolic blood pressure on changing position from supine to erect. Based on clinical criteria, it is characterized by a decrease in systolic pressure of 20 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 10 mmHg within 1 to 3 minutes of standing after ...

BACKGROUND: Little information is available regarding hypertension, treatment, and control in urban population of Latin America. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare blood pressure (BP) distribution, hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control in seven Latin American cities following standard methodology. METHODS: The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study ...

Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of mortality, not only in Brazil, but around the world. The use of acupuncture as a complementary and alternative treatment for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested for animals as well as human beings. Possible advantages in using acupuncture are the low cost of treatment ...

To assess the usefulness of the Laboratory of Physical Science (LOPS) protocol for detecting exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response as a risk factor for future hypertension when controlling for work and personal factors. Subjects were 815 healthy normotensive men (mean age, 43.1 ± 6.76 yr; range, 29-64 yr) who participated ...

In the intensive care unit (ICU), clinical staff must stay vigilant to promptly detect and treat hypotensive episodes (HEs). Given the stressful context of busy ICUs, an automated hypotensive risk stratifier can help ICU clinicians focus care and resources by prospectively identifying patients at increased risk of impending HEs. The ...

Hypertension is an important independent risk factor for renal disease. If hypertension and chronic renal disease co-exist, as is common in patients with diabetes mellitus, the risk of cardiovascular disease is heightened. The importance of rigorous blood pressure control is recognized in current guidelines, with a recommended target of office ...

Since taurine (T) administration was proven to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stroke mortality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rates (SHRSP) in the 1980's and our WHO-coordinated CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison) Study demonstrated that among 5 diet-related factors, namely total cholesterol (T-Cho), body mass index (BMI), sodium (Na), magnesium ...

High blood pressure (HBP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). European hypertension and cardiology societies as well as expert committees on CVD prevention recommend stratifying cardiovascular risk using the SCORE method, the modification of lifestyles to prevent CVD, and achieving good control over risk factors. The EDUCORE ...

Alteration of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling is a salient feature of hypertension and the associated heart diseases. Recent studies have revealed a large family of Regulators of G-protein Signaling (RGS) proteins as important endogenous regulators of GPCR signaling. RGS2 selectively regulates Galphaq/11 signaling, an essential cause of hypertension and ...

There is a linear relationship between resting heart rate (HR) and mortality in normotensive and untreated hypertensive individuals. However, it is not clear whether HR is a marker of increased risk in hypertensive patients on treatment. We investigated the relationship between HR and mortality in patients with hypertension. We analyzed ...

Albuminuria is well established as a cardiovascular and renal risk factor. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with this condition in 267 hypertensive individuals, stratified according to urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as: G1--130 individuals with normoalbuminuria (24-h UAE<20 μg/min); G2--113 with microalbuminuria (UAE between 20 and 200 μg/min); and ...

Children born very prematurely who show intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are suggested to be at risk of developing high blood pressure as adults. Renal function may already be impaired by young adult age. To study whether very preterm birth affects blood pressure in young adults, we measured 24-h ambulatory blood ...

To evaluate a simple cardiovascular risk management package for assessing and managing cardiovascular risk using hypertension as an entry point in primary care facilities in low-resource settings. Two geographically distant regions in two countries (China and Nigeria) were selected and 10 pairs of primary care facilities in each region were ...

A retrospective study was conducted to determine risk factors for the development of hypertension (HTN) and to describe the prevalence among long-term survivors of pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Records of 689 pediatric patients who survived 5 years or more after HCT, from 1969 to 2004, were reviewed for development ...

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is frequently associated with adverse outcome such as 1-yr mortality. However, there is no consensus on the correct definition of IOH. The authors studied a number of different definitions of IOH, based on blood pressure thresholds and minimal episode durations, and their association with 1-yr mortality ...

Carbon soot is produced in the process of diamond manufacture. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies have associated exposure to carbon nanoparticles with effects on cardiovascular system and blood cells. The objective of this study is to assess the cardiovascular effects consequent to chronic respiratory exposure of carbon soot. A cross-sectional ...

In recent years, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been recognized as the most common cause of death in the world, accounting for 30% of all mortality, with a growing burden in developing countries. In 2000, it was estimated that 26% of the world's adult population (972 million individuals) had prevalent hypertension, ...

Arterial hypertension represents a major cardiovascular epidemic in the developed and developing world. Projections out to 2025 suggest that up to 50% of the adult populations of Western countries will meet standard guideline definitions of hypertension and thus require therapeutic intervention both non-pharmacological or pharmacological. Hyper-tension is also a component ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major contributor to the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Reports suggest that hypertension is rapidly increasing in developing countries like India. Non-communicable diseases are likely to overshadow infectious diseases in the coming years and pose a heavy strain on health budgets in our country. ...

Vascular abnormalities may exist before clinical hypertension. Using Poisson regression, the authors studied the association of coronary artery calcium (CAC), common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), aortic distensibility, and large and small arterial elasticity with incident hypertension among 2,512 normotensive US adults free of cardiovascular disease. Incidence rate ratios for incident ...

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of heart failure and vascular events. Small increases in circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are associated with an increased risk of a cardiovascular event, and high levels signal left ventricular dysfunction. Data on the effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha) ...

The term prehypertension was coined in 1939 in the context of early studies that linked high blood pressure recorded during physical examination for life insurance purposes to subsequent morbidity and mortality. These studies demonstrated that individuals with blood pressure >120/80 mmHg, but <140/90 mmHg--the accepted value for the lower limit ...

Cardiovascular complications occurring in adults find their roots in risk factors operating early in life. Among the factors influencing cardiovascular risk, blood pressure values in children represent an important measurable marker of the level of potential cardiovascular risk later in life because the levels are both the cause and the ...

Although angiotensin receptor blockers have different receptor binding properties no comparative studies with cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points have been performed within this class of drugs. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are blood pressure independent CVD-risk differences between losartan and candesartan treatment in ...

Prehypertension is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between prehypertension and atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the impact of prehypertension on atherosclerosis in T2DM. Patients (n=930) with T2DM were recruited for the ...

It has not been established whether nocturnal nondipping of heart rate (HR) predicts future cardiovascular disease (CVD). We performed this study to test the hypothesis that nocturnal nondipping of HR predicts the risk of incident CVD independent of nocturnal blood pressure dipping pattern. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in ...