To investigate blood flow (BF) in the human retina/choroid during rest and handgrip isometric exercise using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four healthy volunteers (25-36 years old) in multiple sessions (1-3) on different days. MRI studies were performed on a 3-Tesla scanner using a custom-made surface coil (7×5cm in diameter) at ...

The Monro-Kellie doctrine states that the interior of the cranium is formed of three main components: blood, fluid and cerebral parenchyma. An increase in the volume of one or more components may increase the intracranial pressure (ICP). This doctrine also affirms that the skull cannot be expanded after the closure ...

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to hospital due to stress-dependent hoarseness and hypertensive urgency. The patient reported peaks of blood pressure of 210/160 mm Hg in combination with hoarseness. With indirect mirror examination, the ear-nose-and throat doctor diagnosed a paralysis of the vocal cord on the left side. The authors ...

The mechanisms of intradialytic increases in blood pressure are not well defined. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of autonomic nervous system activation during intradialytic hypertensive episodes. Continuous interbeat intervals (IBI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were monitored during hemodialysis in 108 chronic patients. Intradialytic hypertensive episodes ...

We test the hypothesis that there are differences in performance among three extra-glottic airway devices during spontaneous breathing anaesthesia. One hundred and fifty consecutive patients (ASA Grade 1-2, aged 18-80 yr) were randomly allocated for airway management with the i-gel (Intersurgical Ltd, Wokingham, Berkshire UK), the LMA-ProSeal and the LMA-Supreme ...

Blood pressure increases significantly during embryonic and postnatal development in vertebrate animals. In the mouse, blood flow is first detectable around embryonic day (E) 8.5(1). Systolic left ventricular (LV) pressure is 2 mmHg at E9.5 and 11 mmHg at E14.5(2). At these mid-embryonic stages, the LV is clearly visible through ...

To assess the relationships between progression of target-organ damage and cardiovascular, cortisol and coping responses in black urban Africans. Urban black African gender groups (n = 200) aged 21-62 years from the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans study were stratified into normotensive and hypertensive groups. Resting and ...

To investigate the 24 h effects of bimatoprost 0.01% monotherapy on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Prospective, open-label experimental study. Single tertiary ophthalmic clinic. Sixteen patients with diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (ages, 49-77 years). Baseline data of 24 h IOP in untreated patients ...

Tissue velocity echocardiography is increasingly used to evaluate global and regional cardiac function. Previous studies have suggested that the quantitative measurements obtained during ejection are reliable indices of contractility, though their load-sensitivity has been studied in different settings, but still remains a matter of controversy. We sought to characterize the ...

In this study, we investigated the role of exogenous NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), on hemodynamic responses and survival rate during decompensated hemorrhagic shock in normotensive and hypertensive rat. Male wistar rats were divided into normotensive and hypertensive groups (n = 12 each). Then, the animals were subjected to decompensated ...

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) presenting as an acute myocardial dysfunction is characterized by transient left ventricular wall motion abnormality, which has been known to be associated with excessive catecholamine production caused due to various types of stress. Sympathetic hyperactivity is common during the perioperative period, and reports of SICM occurring during ...

We implemented ventricular infusion studies on 33 patients suspected of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) or occlusive hydrocephalus (HOC) in order to confirm shunt indications. The initial scope was to study O(2) supply during infusion tests to exclude further violation of already vulnerable brains during ICP ...

The complexity of the intracranial pressure (ICP) signal decreases with intracranial hypertension in children with acute brain injury as well as during infusion studies in adults with hydrocephalus. In this study we have analysed the pressure signal obtained in the lumbar subarachnoid space during infusion testing. The pulse amplitude rises ...

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates arterial pressure by modulating peripheral vascular tone and sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow. NO synthesis is impaired in several major cardiovascular disease states. Loss of NO-induced vasodilator tone and restraint on sympathetic outflow could result in exaggerated pressor responses to mental stress. We, therefore, compared the sympathetic (muscle ...

Introduction. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication during hemodialysis which may increase mortality risks. Low dose of Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been reported to increase blood pressure. Whether KRG can improve hemodynamic stability during hemodialysis has not been examined. Methods. The 8-week study consisted of two phases: observation ...

During a retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in the prone position, a sudden increase in end-Tidal CO2 (EtCO2) (from 42 to 68 mmHg) followed by an abrupt decrease (from 68 to 35 mmHg) was observed, concomitantly with a right adrenal vein laceration. Heart rate decreased to 30 bpm, and the systolic blood pressure ...

Nordic walking (NW), characterized by the use of two walking poles, is becoming increasingly popular (Morgulec-Adamowicz, Marszalek, & Jagustyn, 2011). We studied walking pressure patterns of 20 experienced and 30 beginner Nordic walkers. Plantar pressures from nine foot zones were measured during trials performed at two walking speeds (preferred and ...

To compare cardiovascular and respiratory effects of an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) in dogs before and after induction of acute hemorrhagic shock. Prospective experimental randomized study. Eight healthy adult dogs. Dogs were anesthetized and maintained on spontaneous ventilation. Tidal volume (V(T)), systolic, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressure (SAP, ...

Nitrogen (N2) narcosis could interfere with deep submarine escapes, particularly in the escape trunk, where simple but essential tasks are required in order to leave the submarine and start rapid ascent. In a previous study, we had suggested that prolongation of lungs-to-brain circulation time (LBct) may have a protective effect ...

The study analyzed changes in parameters of the central and intracardiac hemodynamics during the development of experimental arterial hypertension, which were assessed as the adaptive in nature. The development of hypertension demonstrated staging of the adaptive processes. The development of the adaptive responses was characterized by changes in the magnitude ...

The application of hydrostatic high pressure on an industrial line of nectarine (Prunus persica L.) purées was assessed in comparison with the traditional thermal treatment of pasteurization. Changes after thermal processing (85 °C, 5 min) and after high-pressure processing (HPP: 450 or 600 MPa for 5 or 10 min) and ...

Air embolism (AE) is a potential complication during transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB). The authors report on venous and systemic AE during CT-guided TNB under general anaesthesia. During the intervention, the radiologist observed accumulation of air bubbles in the left heart chambers, in the right subclavian vein, the superior vena cava ...

The benefits of reducing blood pressure are well established, but there remains uncertainty about whether the magnitude of the effect varies with the initial blood pressure level. The objective was to compare the risk reductions achieved by different blood pressure-lowering regimens among individuals with different baseline blood pressures. Thirty-two randomized ...

Fuzzy controllers are being used in various control schemes. The aim of this study is to adjust the hemodialysis machine parameters by utilizing a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) so that patient's hemodynamic condition remains stable during hemodialysis treatment. For this purpose, a comprehensive mathematical model of the arterial pressure response ...

Objective. The events characterizing the very last part of the vasovagal crisis has not been determined. The aim of the study was to analyze the variations in respiratory pattern preceding the vaso-vagal syncope full-blown and the relationship between cardiovascular functions in order to assess the temporal sequence. Methods. Eleven consecutive ...

Hypoxia may play a role in the development of renal failure in donated kidneys. In the present study, the effects of hypoxia on isolated blood-perfused rabbit kidneys were investigated and the effects of mannitol were explored, giving special attention to intratubular pressure. Kidneys were perfused with their autologous blood during ...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing at an alarming rate in South Asia. High blood pressure is a modifiable risk factor for CVD. In this study, we evaluated the control of blood pressure and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 ...

Cigarette smoking is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While the association between chronic smoking and cardiovascular disease is well established, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, partly due to the lack of adequate in vivo animal models. Here, we report a mouse model of chronic smoking-induced cardiovascular ...

Hypovitaminosis D is suspected to be linked to several types of cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. This review explores the relationship of vitamin D to blood pressure and hypertension, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. The literature up to June 2009 was searched without language or time ...

There is a lack of consensus on factors that predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Tests that can accurately predict prognosis are needed to guide treatment and counsel patients. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors that prognosticate mortality in IPAH. Study design, cohort size, comparison method, ...

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and may contribute to arterial hypertension. The antihypertensive effects of vitamin D include suppression of renin and parathyroid hormone levels and renoprotective, anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which are used to classify the vitamin D status, are an independent risk factor ...

The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognitive outcomes in elderly adults has implications for global health care. Both hypertension and hypotension affect brain perfusion and worsen cognitive outcomes. The presence of hypertension and other vascular risk factors has been associated with decreased performance in executive function and attention tests. ...

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is common in children during conventional, 4 hour haemodialysis (HD) sessions. The declining blood pressure (BP) was originally believed to be caused by ultrafiltration (UF) and priming of the HD circuit, however emerging data now supports a multifactorial aetiology. Therefore strategies to improve haemodynamic stability need to ...

This study examined the relationship between volunteer activity and hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and cognitive impairment. Employing data from the Health and Retirement Study, we estimated regression models of hypertension status that include volunteer activity and psychosocial and health behavior risk factors for middle-aged and ...

Many spiders possess myrmecomorphy, and species of the jumping spider genus Myrmarachne exhibit nearly perfect ant mimicry. Most salticids are diurnal predators with unusually high visual acuity that prey on various arthropods, including conspecifics. In this study, we tested whether predation pressure from large jumping spiders is one possible driving ...

Because traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are associated with increased risk for acute cardiovascular events, current guidelines recommend acetaminophen as the first-line analgesic of choice on the assumption of its greater cardiovascular safety. Data from randomized clinical trials prospectively addressing cardiovascular safety of acetaminophen, however, are still lacking, particularly in patients ...

Diverticular disease is a common cause for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Although the hemorrhage often resolves spontaneously, some patients will require massive transfusions and emergency surgery. In this study we report risk factors predictive of severe diverticular bleeds. We completed a retrospective analysis of 99 patients, admitted with lower gastrointestinal bleeding ...

Background Higher ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) levels can be associated with increased blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. Objectives To determine the differential effects on blood pressure and vascular function of daily changes in community ambient- versus personal-level PM(2.5) measurements. Methods Cardiovascular outcomes included vascular tone and function and blood ...

Determining which demographic and medical variables predict the development of hypertension could help clinicians stratify risk in both prehypertensive and nonhypertensive persons. Subject-level data from 2 community-based biracial cohorts were combined to ascertain the relationship between baseline characteristics and incident hypertension. Hypertension, defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, ...

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are synthesized from arachidonic acid and EETs have a number of beneficial cardiovascular actions. This has led to the concept that EETs and its metabolic pathway can be therapeutically targeted for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. One approach has been to prevent the conversion of EETs to ...

Blood pressure and cholesterol reduction have proven effective to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet adherence to medical therapy is suboptimal and contributing factors to non-adherence are not well-established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications in ...

For the aging populations of Europe, many emerging health problems in addition to myocardial infarction and stroke are associated with hypertension. Recently, the role of hypertension in the risk of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia has been highlighted, and there are studies to show that control of hypertension may slow ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic importance of positive exercise treadmill test (ETT) in predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) among asymptomatic population based on coronary angiographic findings. The comparative study was conducted on a sample of over 60-year-old asymptomatic and symptomatic patients referred to our clinics ...

A key challenge for humanity is how a future global population of 9 billion can all be fed healthily and sustainably. Here, we review how competition for land is influenced by other drivers and pressures, examine land-use change over the past 20 years and consider future changes over the next ...

Acute pulmonary oedema (APE) is the second, after acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (ADHF), most frequent form of acute heart failure (AHF). This subanalysis examines the clinical profile, prognostic factors, and management of APE patients (n = 1820, 36.7%) included in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment ...

Fat in the renal sinus (RS), a region of the kidney in which low pressure venous and lymphatic vessels are present, may indirectly influence blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between RS fat and control of blood pressure on receipt of antihypertensive medications. A ...

The association between novel atherosclerotic risk biomarkers and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was assessed. Patients (n = 133) with PAD were recruited. Established risk biomarkers including low- and high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure were measured. Novel risk biomarkers including plasma C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor (vWF), interleukin ...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is the failure of cardiovascular reflexes to maintain blood pressure on standing from a supine or sitting position. Although OH may cause symptoms of dizziness or syncope, asymptomatic OH (AOH) is far more common and is an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ...

The effective optimization of the modifiable risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis is the cornerstone preventive cardiology. Risk factor clustering has been demonstrated to occur in a higher prevalence than would be expected by chance alone. The common cardiovascular risk factors frequently share metabolic pathways. Inflammation and oxidative stress ...

Hypertensive (HT) patients are at higher risk of cognitive decline than normotensive individuals, because high blood pressure is a risk factor for mild cognitive deterioration. In this study cardio- and cerebrovascular reactivity along with cognitive performance was assessed on newly diagnosed HT patients. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on international ...