OBJECTIVES: To compare the values of the urodynamic parameters of the lower portion of the urinary tract and vaginourethral measurements obtained during the phases of the estrous cycle in dogs and determine possible functional or anatomic modifications of the lower portion of the urinary tract associated with those phases. ANIMALS: ...

An 86-year-old nondiabetic woman with an episode of transient ischemic attack two days earlier was referred to our hospital. She had a history of neurogenic bladder and chronic atrial fibrillation and had been anuric for two days. Bubbles were detected by echocardiography in the right atrium, right ventricle, and inferior ...

PURPOSE: The feasibility of automatic event driven electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) was evaluated in individuals with spinal cord injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 2 women and 14 men older than 18 years with NDO, bladder capacity below ...

OBJECTIVE: The Brink scale is a commonly used digital assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength. The Peritron perineometer, a compressible vaginal insert that records pressure in centimeters of water, offers an objective method for this evaluation. This study evaluates the inter- and intrarater reliability of perineometry measurements and correlates those ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to quantify resting vaginal closure force (VCF(REST)), maximum vaginal closure force (VCF(MAX)), and augmentation of vaginal closure force augmentation (VCF(AUG)) when supine and standing and to determine whether the change in intra-abdominal pressure associated with change in posture accounts for differences in VCF. STUDY DESIGN: ...

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that visceral circulation is well preserved when intraabdominal pressure does not exceed 20 mm Hg. Our aim was to analyze the outcomes of a series of infants with gastroschisis whose surgical management was directed by the intraoperative measurement of bladder pressure. METHODS: Forty-two neonates with ...

OBJECTIVE: To apply stereotactic electrical stimulation of the pig brainstem and thus identify a pontine micturition centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 10 anaesthetized female Vietnamese minipigs a needle-electrode was positioned in the pontine region. Pressure responses in the lower urinary tract identified the micturition centre functionally during electrical stimulation. Stereotactic ...

Disruption of bladder function and sexual reflexes are major complications following spinal cord injury (SCI). We examined the use of telemetric monitoring of corpus spongiosum penis (CSP) pressures for assessment of micturition and erectile events following SCI in rats. Pressure catheters were implanted in the bulb of the CSP of ...

A case of malignant pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is presented. A 54-year-old woman visited our hospital for screening and was found to have an abnormal mass in the bladder on ultrasonography. The patient was not hypertensive. Cystoscopy revealed a broad-based, small fingertip-sized, nonpapillary tumor on the posterior wall of ...

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: There has been an exponentially increasing interest in intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Comparison of the published data however is difficult due to the lack of consensus definitions. This review will focus on the available literature from the last 2 years. A Medline and PubMed search was performed ...

Electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy (EBIS) is a technique that uses a probe to calculate the transfer impedance from tissues. This transfer impedance can give information about the normal or pathological condition of the tissue. To take readings, pressure has to be applied to the probe in order to get a good ...

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the accuracy of two noninvasive, ultrasound methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The potential for the combined methods to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis was also assessed. METHODS: We evaluated 30 male outpatients using two recently developed diagnostic methods, transabdominal ultrasound grading of intravesical prostatic protrusion ...

BACKGROUND: It is not yet clear whether forced diuresis is useful for flushing out of the urinary tract, especially in cases of renal calculi or infections. A series of experiments conducted initially in vitro and then in vivo in rabbits, using sand and small glass spheres, showed that sediments can ...

PURPOSE: In pubovaginal sling surgery arguments have focused on selecting stronger sling materials, better suturing methods and superior fixation techniques. However, the grounding information prerequisite for these arguments is still lacking, ie the in vivo tension sustained by the sling. We designed this study to obtain this information. MATERIALS AND ...

PURPOSE: Symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis (IC) (urinary frequency, urgency and pain) resemble those in cats diagnosed with feline IC (FIC). Patients with IC also show enhanced sensitivity to intravesical application of KCl solution. In the current study we compared the effect of bladder distention and intravesical infusion of KCl ...

OBJECTIVES: To address the physiologic role of TRPM8, one of the transient receptor potential channels, we investigated the bladder cooling reflex and the effect of menthol on it in the guinea pig. METHODS: Single cystometry in female Hartley guinea pigs was performed with high-speed infusion (60 mL/hr) under urethane anesthesia ...

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as leakage of urine with a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure, such as that seen with laughing, lifting, or changing position, without a concomitant rise in detrusor (bladder-generated) pressure. The proposed mechanism of SUI is that an increase in intra-abdominal pressure resulting from various ...

BACKGROUND: The most commonly used method to measure pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength is vaginal squeeze pressure. There are, however, several apparatuses available for this purpose, and sizes of the probes differ significantly. The aim of the present investigation was to assess whether the size of two commonly used vaginal ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most accurate indirect method of measuring intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-centre, prospective, clinical study in a 23-bed specialist paediatric intensive care unit in Australia. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: 20 children admitted to paediatric intensive care with a peritoneal dialysis catheter in situ following ...

INTRODUCTION: It is recommended that the bladder be filled at least twice to perform a standard urodynamic study. However, the procedure is time-consuming and distressing for both the patient and the professional. The impact of the number of fillings on urodynamic parameters in children with normal urodynamic results and those ...

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and women. By definition, BOO is determined urodynamically, assessing the pressure-flow relation during voiding. Since the 1960s much work has been done to standardize the urodynamic definitions of obstruction in men and more recently ...

AIMS: We studied preoperative and postoperative pressure transmission ratio (PTR) and urethral pressure profilometry in patients undergoing the vaginal wall patch sling technique as a first surgical approach for genuine stress incontinence (GSI) with urethral hypermobility. The specific aims were to determine the exact urodynamic parameters, if any, that may ...

PURPOSE: Cough and more generally abdominal strain determine a pelvic floor contraction which allows an increase in sphincter pressure to prevent leakage during stress. Many electrophysiological studies have demonstrated this reflex (formally cough anal reflex). We postulated that the perineal muscle contraction following cough is not a simple binary response ...

The basic evaluation of suspected voiding dysfunction involves fundamental objective tools such as the pressure-flow study. Although accurate, the several drawbacks to this invasive study of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) are discussed and evaluated. Other non-invasive and/or minimally invasive ways of diagnosing BOO continue to be the subject of investigation. ...

INTRODUCTION: Bladder outflow obstruction may cause obstructive or irritative symptoms. The diagnosis of female functional bladder neck obstruction requires a pressure/flow study and electromyography performed by videourodynamics. The treatment includes self-catheterization or bladder neck incision. We administered tamsulosin, an alpha1A/alpha1D-selective adrenergic antagonist, in women with functional bladder neck obstruction to ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of detrusor overactivity and bladder filling on urethral function with the use of urethral profilometry. STUDY DESIGN: Women with symptoms of urinary incontinence were recruited from our urodynamic clinic. All of the women underwent videocystourethrography and urethral pressure profilometry ...

AIMS: To describe the vaginal pressure profile in asymptomatic nulliparous women. METHODS: Fourteen nulliparous women without symptoms of anal or urinary incontinence were studied with vaginal manometry. A rapid pull-through technique utilized a four-channel water-perfused catheter on a motor-driven puller to create a pressure profile for each subject. The profiles ...

INTRODUCTION: The study evaluates the impact of three different sized (4.5-, 6- and 7-Fr) catheters on pressure-flow studies in women undergoing urodynamic evaluation for lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 women referred for the evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. Patients ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between urethral pressure and the neuromuscular activity of the urethral sphincter with the use of quantitative electromyography during bladder filling. STUDY DESIGN: Women who underwent multichannel urodynamic testing with concentric needle electromyography of the striated urethral sphincter between December ...

AIMS: To propose a urodynamic protocol to comprehensively assess all parameters of post prostatectomy incontinence (PPI). METHODS: Sixty men with a history of PPI after radical prostatectomy prospectively underwent a standardized video urodynamics protocol. A 7F urethral catheter was used for standard cystometry, abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP), and pressure ...

European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) are euryhaline fish that tolerate wide salinity fluctuations owing to several morphofunctional adaptations. Among the osmoregulatory sites (tegument, branchial chambers, digestive tract, urinary system), little is known about the kidney and the urinary bladder. The present study describes the ontogeny of the urinary system (kidney ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of tolterodine and oxybutynin in the treatment of specific, according to their urodynamic grade of severity, populations with overactive detrusor. METHODS: In this open, randomized, two-way crossover study 128 women with urodynamically confirmed, idiopathic detrusor overactivity were recruited. Patients were categorized in 4 grades of ...

Urinary bladder distension is known to influence the cardiovascular system under a pathophysiological condition such as spinal cord injury, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. A reflex due to bladder distension and/or contraction is considered as one reason for the cardiovascular disturbance associated with micturition. However, it has remained unknown how much intravesical ...

OBJECTIVE: Immunosuppression is directly related to the degree of trauma. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of low and high intra-abdominal pressure on immune response in moderate surgical trauma. METHODS: Twenty-two patients, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups according to ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the acceleration of flow rate (AFR), pressure flow variables and urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) measurements might have a role in evaluating women with urodynamic stress incontinence (USI), to predict the surgical outcome and de novo detrusor overactivity after Burch colposuspension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with a ...

PURPOSE: A pelvic phantom was constructed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound probe pressure during performance of bipolar acquisition technique (BAT) for prostate localization for radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A pelvic phantom of a gelatin mold with a water-filled balloon representing the bladder and rectum and a central encapsulated clay ...

Retigabine is a novel anticonvulsant drug that not only augments gamma-aminobutyric acid mechanisms, but also opens voltage gated K+ channels (KCNQ). In this study we investigated the effects of retigabine on detrusor activity in rats. To conscious, female Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing continuous cystometry retigabine was given intravenously (0.5, 1 and ...

OBJECTIVE: To show, for pressure-time data from cystometrography (CMG), the potential practical clinical application of automatically identified, displayed, analysed and quantified compliance and contractility, as undesirable high-pressure detrusor storage may be caused by inefficient compliance or uninhibited contractions (UNC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bladder contractility was measured by UNC and compliance ...

The objective of this work was to study the relation between afferent bladder nerve activity and bladder mechanics and the mechanisms that initiate and terminate bladder contractions. Bladder nerve activity, pressure and volume were recorded during the micturition cycle in the rat. The highest correlation was found between afferent nerve ...

OBJECTIVE: To devise a new, practical and more accurate method for measuring bladder compliance, and to show that traditional estimates of compliance are impractical. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Childhood bladder capacity varies greatly with age while detrusor pressure in a normal bladder does not. Consequently, traditional bladder compliance (DeltaV/DeltaP) increases with ...

BACKGROUND: An intraurethral pressure-time profile as urodynamic information was obtained in a non-invasive manner using an equivalent equation as a voiding model. METHODS: The reasonability of the voiding model was confirmed by applying it to an experimental flow curve likened to urinary flow. The flow curve was approximated and the ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Flow of a fluid through a collapsible tube is under the influence of various factors including the external compressing pressure. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP) should influence the flow through the ureter. Therefore, an experimental study was planned to investigate the effects of ureteral length and external compressing pressure onto ...

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that warm infusion solution should be used for urodynamic studies in children because it more closely simulates normal physiology. Thus, we conducted a prospective randomized study comparing consecutive room temperature (RT) and body temperature (BT) cystometrograms (CMG) in the same child. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects underwent identical ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the detrusor pressure rise of a normal bladder (P(cap,NL)) when filled to capacity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with an apparently normal bladder, i.e. with symptoms but whose cystometrogram (CMG) showed no pathology of any kind and a near-normal pressure vs volume plot, were selected from 218 ...

PURPOSE: Mice with gene deletion or targeted over expression are important for understanding the remodeling that follows partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). This condition predominates in males. We produced PBOO in male mice and now report the physiological, histological and molecular consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male C57bl/6 mice were surgically ...

OBJECTIVES: To: (i) calculate traditional compliance (CTrad) for a normal bladder by DeltaV/DeltaPdet, where DeltaV is the mean volumetric capacity and DeltaPdet is the detrusor pressure rise; (ii) assess its usefulness; (iii) identify the variables that are necessary for correctly assessing bladder compliance; and (iv) using these variables, report a ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of the nonselective muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) and its antagonist atropine on ureteral function in anesthetized dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Drug effects were evaluated on elevated pressure in a completely obstructed ureter and peristalsis in its partially obstructed fellow ureters as well as on ...

OBJECTIVES: Urinary incontinence is a common symptom of urogenital aging that affects a considerable proportion of postmenopausal women. Morphological and morphometrical modulation of the bladder by estrogen are known. Yet data showing that this translates into changes of in vivo function of the urinary bladder are missing. METHODS: We measured ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of voluntary pelvic floor contraction and voluntary pelvic floor relaxation on the urethral closure pressure at rest. In 104 consecutive women, three urethral pressure profiles were performed: standard profile at rest, with voluntary pelvic floor contraction and with voluntary pelvic ...

Leiomyoma of the urethra is a relatively rare condition often presenting as an anterior vaginal wall mass or a mass that protrudes from the urethral meatus. We report on the urodynamic changes after vaginal surgery to remove a suburethral leiomyoma, which protruded from the vaginal orifice resulting in dysuria and ...