BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction (IO) leads to increased intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal compartment syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with IO secondary to strangulated hernia. METHODS: We studied 81 consecutive unselected patients presenting complicated hernias and IO. We measured intra-abdominal ...

PURPOSE: We determined and compared urethral pressure measurements using air charged and microtip catheters in a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 64 women referred for urodynamic investigation underwent sequential urethral pressure measurements using an air charged and a microtip catheter in randomized order. Patients ...

OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on muscarinic (M) receptor expression in isolated human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) and in an in vivo model of acute bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). We evaluated additionally whether acetylcholine functions as BSMCs mitogen. METHODS: HBSMCs were exposed to sustained levels ...

For bulking agents used for female stress urinary incontinence, the recommendation for the anatomical placement varies as some injectables are to be placed close to the bladder neck and others midurethrally. Aim of the study was to determine if there are differences concerning the outcome after transurethral collagen injections depending ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology and outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension in a heterogeneous intensive care unit population. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING: This study was conducted at a medical-surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. PATIENTS: Study patients included all ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of certain positions on voiding dynamics in children with non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction. METHODS: A total of 29 patients (10 male, 19 female) with non-neurogenic overactive bladder were enrolled. None of the patients had voiding phase dysfunction. Male patients were told to urinate in three positions ...

PURPOSE: We determined whether urinary leakage in some circumstances is associated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency, defined by a low maximum urethral closure pressure of 30 cm H(2)O or less, in women presenting for urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospective analyzed the records of 100 consecutive women who underwent complete ...

Urinary incontinence affects 40% of women in the United States and stress urinary incontinence accounts for a large portion of affected patients. As defined by the International Continence Society, stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine upon effort, exertion, sneezing or coughing. Since the ultimate success of long-term ...

Treatment strategies for stress incontinence are based on the concept that urethral mobility is the predominant causal factor with sphincter function a secondary contributor. To our knowledge the relative importance of these 2 factors has not been assessed in properly controlled studies. The Research on Stress Incontinence Etiology project is ...

To prospectively evaluate in a canine model contrast material-enhanced ultrasonography (US) for guiding and monitoring radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the entire prostate, with urethral and vascular cooling to protect the surrounding structures. After approval by the institutional animal use and care committee, an RF electrode was used to ablate the ...

OBJECTIVES: To define an exact pressure-flow correlation in the upper urinary tract using an improved measurement method, to quantitatively characterize the degree of postrenal obstruction and to find a simple way of calculating it in everyday urological practice. METHODS: The data of 112 cases were included in the analysis. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if pelvic organ prolapse reduction decreases cystometric leak point pressure. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of women with pelvic organ prolapse points Aa, Ba or C > or = -1 cm that leaked with and without vaginal support (barrier testing) during multichannel urodynamic investigation (N=44). ...

PURPOSE: Previous study has shown that the absence of uroplakin II can cause urinary tract dysfunction, including vesicoureteral reflux and renal abnormalities, as well as micturition pattern changes. We developed a simple surrogate measure of bladder function using ultraviolet visualization of urinary voiding patterns in a uroplakin II knockout mouse ...

PURPOSE: We characterized the vaginal pressure profile as a representation of closure forces along the length and circumference of the vaginal wall. Vaginal pressure profile data were used to test the hypothesis that the strength of pelvic floor muscle contractions differs significantly between continent women and women with stress urinary ...

We have devised a bioreactor to simulate normal urinary bladder dynamics. The design permits a cell-seeded scaffold made from a modified porcine acellular matrix to be placed between 2 closed chambers filled with culture medium and be mechanically stimulated in a physiologically relevant manner. Specifically designed software increased hydrostatic pressure ...

INTRODUCTION: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is increasingly being considered as an important physiologic parameter to be measured in critically ill patients. Traditional methods of monitoring IAP rely on intermittent IAP (IIAP) measurements using indwelling bladder catheters. Recently, a method of continuous IAP (CIAP) monitoring has been developed using a three-way bladder ...

Objectives: 1. To study the feasibility and safety of localization of radiolucent urinary stones during ESWL utilising the refluxing intravesically injected contrast medium along indwelling ureteral stents. 2. To identify the optimum volume of contrast medium and the intravesical pressure at which adequate vesicoureteral reflux sufficient for collecting system opacification ...

Urodynamic studies which included cough leak point pressure (CLPP) and pressure flow studies were performed at two visits 2 weeks apart. Reproducibility between the two visits and also between the two diagnostic groups, urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) and urodynamic mixed incontinence (UMI) were analysed. Thirty-one women completed both visits, of ...

PURPOSE: Controversy exists regarding continence mechanisms in patients who undergo posterior urethral reconstruction after pelvic fracture. Some evidence suggests that continence after posterior urethroplasty is maintained by the bladder neck or proximal urethral mechanism without a functioning distal mechanism. We studied distal urethral sphincter activity in patients who have undergone ...

The use of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) in the lower urinary tract was pioneered as early as 20 years ago with injections into the urethral sphincter reducing bladder voiding pressures, urethral pressures, and post-void residual urine. Over the past 9 years, the use of BoNT/A has revolutionised the treatment ...

PURPOSE: Urodynamic studies in small animals can be performed through urethral sounding or cystostomy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the two methods of urodynamic evaluation in female rats. METHODS: Ten female rats weighing on average 250 g, under anesthesia with urethane (1.25 mg/kg) were submitted in three repeats to an urethal catheter ...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a difficult entity with two main problems during its course: (1) survival of the patient during the early period and (2) closure of the open wounds during the late period. In this study we evaluated the decision to decompress according to the level of ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Involuntary coughing such as that evoked from the larynx, the laryngeal cough reflex (LCR), triggers a coordinated contraction of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic muscles, which increases intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), displaces the diaphragm upwards and generates the expiratory force for cough and airway clearance. Changes in the IAP ...

AIMS: Urethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) is a novel reliable method for simultaneous measurement of pressure and cross-sectional area in the female urethra. The aim of this study was to report values for UPR parameters in healthy and stress urinary incontinent (SUI) women and compare UPR with urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) ...

A simulation system that generates dynamic bladder pressures for the use of testing and examining artificial urinary sphincters is designed, implemented, and compared to in-vivo measurements of Valsalva and coughing profiles. Cylinder and piston, which are integrated into the universal testing machine, simulating the bladder are connected with explanted sow ...

AIMS: A method was developed and evaluated to simultaneously register intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and intravesical pressure (IVP) during cystometry in conscious rats. In addition, IAP and IVP were recorded in rats with experimental detrusor overactivity (DO). METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were used. Six female rats were subjected ...

AIM: The term superflow has been given to abnormally high flow rates in women, and has been thought to be indicative of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD), as ISD is associated with low urethral pressure. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) damages the sphincteric mechanism extrinsic to the urethra. The aim of this ...

BACKGROUND: The gold standard for assessment of intraabdominal pressure (IAP) is via intravesicular pressure measurement (IVP). This accepted technique has some inherent problems, e.g. indirectness. Aim of this clinical study was to assess direct IAP measurement using an air-capsule method (ACM) regarding complications risks and agreement with IVP in patients ...

For dose assessment of workers at Nuclear Research Center Negev exposed to natural uranium, spot urine samples are analysed and the results are normalised to 24-h urine excretion based on 'standard' man urine volume of 1.6 l d(-1). In the present work, the urine volume, uranium level and creatinine concentration ...

We developed a special calculation method for the compensation of resistance in urodynamic studies of the upper urinary tract that allows us to use existing single lumen nephrostomy catheters. We integrated a new calibration routine into the setup of our urodynamic equipment. Following the initial calibration procedure using the same ...

Our current study utilized a model of bladder instability to compare the effectiveness of darifenacin, a selective m3 muscarinic antagonist, at inhibiting overactive bladder (OAB) dysfunction in both male and female rabbits. Twenty-four male and female NZ white rabbits were used for this experiment. Each rabbit was anesthetized and the ...

AIMS: We examined the relation between the loss of bladder function during obstruction and the potential for recovery of function after de-obstruction. METHODS: Guinea pigs received a partial urethral obstruction. Bladder pressure, urine flow rate, detrusor overactivity (DO), compliance and contractility were examined weekly for 2-4 weeks (short), 6-8 weeks ...

AIMS: The role of I(h) channels at the spinal level in the control of bladder function was examined in urethane anesthetized female rats. METHODS: Bladder activity was recorded via a transurethral catheter under isovolumetric conditions or via an intravesical catheter during continuous infusion cystometry. ZD7288, a selective I(h) channel inhibitor, ...

AIMS: Intrathecal and epidural administration of micro-agonist opioids is associated with urinary retention, a potentially serious adverse-event. In animal studies tramadol has been found not to affect voiding function. We evaluated urodynamic effects of epidural tramadol in humans. METHODS: Fifteen adults planned for cystoscopy under local-anesthesia underwent urodynamics (UDS) at ...

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of intra-abdominal hypertension in patients after major abdominal surgery and to evaluate the correlation of intra-abdominal pressure with fluid balance and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. Patients, admitted to intensive care ...

AIMS: To disclose the nature of the high-pressure voiding observed in small boys and to determine the influence of a transurethral catheter on voiding urodynamic parameters and reproducibility of these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Video-urodynamic studies (V-UDSs) were repeated twice in a single session using two different sized, 18G (Ø1.15 ...

AIMS: To compare leak-point intravesical pressure and cystometric capacity in complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). METHODS: Retrospective study of filling cystometry at non-physiological filling rate in 80 SCI patients at rehabilitation or annual check-up using Dantec Etude urodynamic machine. RESULTS: Fifty neurologically ...

AIMS: Natural bladder filling by the production of urine could potentially influence the outcome of urodynamic investigations. In this prospective study, we determined the natural bladder filling rate during cystometry. METHODS: Between October 2005 and March 2006, we performed conventional urodynamic studies in 101 consecutive patients. We measured the exact ...

AIMS: The mechanism of action of injection therapy is virtually unknown. Urethral Pressure Reflectometry (UPR) is a novel technique for measuring pressure and cross-sectional area in the urethra. UPR which provides reliable physiological meaningful parameters was used to study the mechanism of urethral injection therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients ...

AIMS: Clinical nomograms for differentiating obstructed from unobstructed voiding and poor detrusor contractility from normal contractility have traditionally been drawn on the basis of symptomatic response to outflow tract surgery or on urodynamic changes in men with LUTS before and after surgery. The aim of this study was to examine ...

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that transection of the pubo-urethral ligament in the female rat would cause stress urinary incontinence, as indicated by decreased leak point pressure. We created a novel model of pubo-urethral ligament deficiency in the rat and validated our model through comparison with an established model of stress urinary ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and acute renal failure (ARF) in critically ill patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, observational study in a general intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Patients consecutively admitted for >24 h during a 6-month period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was ...

OBJECTIVE: Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement is important in daily clinical practice. Most measurement techniques vary in automaticity and reproducibility. This study tested a new fully automated continuous technique for IAP measurement, the CiMON. METHODS: Three IAP measurement catheters (a Foley manometer and two balloon-tipped catheters) contained in a 50-ml infusion ...

We have devised a bioreactor to simulate normal urinary bladder dynamics. The design permits a cell-seeded scaffold made from a modified porcine acellular matrix to be placed between 2 closed chambers filled with culture medium and be mechanically stimulated in a physiologically relevant manner. Specifically designed software increased hydrostatic pressure ...

BACKGROUND/AIM: We investigated the hypothesis that external (EUS) and internal (IUS) urethral sphincters and urinary bladder (UB) respond to penile thrusting (PT) of vagina in a way that prevents urinary leakage during coitus. METHODS: Vaginal condom was inflated with air in increments of 50-300 ml and EMG of EUS and ...

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated a noninvasive method to predict bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and bladder function in patients with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) based on intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) using transabdominal ultrasound. METHODS: The records of 206 first-visit patients with BPE were reviewed. We divided patients into two groups based on ...

Silodosin is a novel selective alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonist generated by Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This drug selectively binds to alpha(1A)-AR, which is widely distributed in the prostate, urethra and bladder trigone, involved in their contraction, located at the lower urinary tract. This high selectivity for alpha(1A)-AR contributes to inhibition of ...

Elevated intra-abdominal pressure has been recognized as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, exerting a considerable impact on organ function. Early detection and adequate treatment have been identified as essential measures to prevent the development of abdominal compartment syndrome. We present a case of early ...

Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists are used worldwide for the treatment of voiding dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Recently, abnormal ejaculation, an adverse effect associated with their use, has attracted attention. Here, we simultaneously investigated the effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists on intraurethral pressure in the prostatic urethra and intraluminal pressure in the ...

AIM: To evaluate the effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A total of 582 traces of pressure-flow study from 181 men with BPH was included in the study. For each trace, maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) ...