BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and prolonged QT interval at ECG (QTc) are common in both obesity and arterial hypertension (AH), and are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and sudden death. METHODS: We compared the frequencies of LVH (ECG criteria) and QTc in obese-AH (n=41), in normotensive obese (n=75), in ...

BACKGROUND: The objective was to study the influence of birth weight on office and ambulatory pulse pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred healthy children (176 girls), aged 10-18 years, born at term after a normotensive pregnancy were included. The subjects were divided according to birth weight: 2.000-2.500 kg, 2.501-3.000 kg, ...

Risk of coronary heart disease has been related to insulin resistance, but the mechanism for this is incompletely understood. Variables attributed to insulin resistance are associated with low-grade inflammation. A case-control study was performed of 469 male myocardial infarction (MI) survivors aged < 60 years and 575 control subjects recruited ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing trend of hypertension is a worldwide phenomenon. The data on sustained hypertension in school going children is scanty in India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity in apparently healthy school children in rural and urban areas of Ludhiana using standard ...

To examine secular trends in blood pressure over a 10 year period between two representative cohorts of adolescents from Northern Ireland. Repeat cross sectional study. Randomly selected post-primary schools from Northern Ireland. 1015 adolescents studied between 1989 and 1990, and 2017 adolescents studied between 1999 and 2001. Participants were aged ...

s associated with increased sympathetic activity, and this explains a large part of the association between birth weight and blood pressure. In addition, our findings suggest that the association between birth weight and sympathetic activity depends on genetic factors. (Circulation. 2003;108:566-571.) Key Words: blood pressure # nervous system # genetics ...

Blood pressure readings were collected from 1042 adult females of rural and urban Jat Sikh community of Punjab, a north Indian State. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight and skinfold thickness were also collected. The difference between rural and urban females in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure was found ...

AIMS: An increase of left ventricular mass (LVM) has been reported in obese adolescents in previous studies using echocardiography. The aim of our study was to determine the extent of the increase in LVM and correlation to other risk factors using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in obese and lean adolescents. ...

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure tracks from childhood into adulthood, and early diet may have long-term effects on hypertension. OBJECTIVE: The study's aim was to investigate whether intakes of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) during lactation and current intakes of macronutrients affect blood pressure in 2.5-y-old Danish children. DESIGN: Mothers ...

Obesity has become an epidemic problem in western societies, contributing to metabolic diseases, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Although the importance of obesity as a cause of hypertension is well established, the molecular basis of the relationship between obesity and increased blood pressure remains poorly understood. This brief review examines the ...

This study measured intraabdominal pressure in morbidly obese and multiparous patients who underwent abdominoplasty with musculoaponeurotic plication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any potential adverse effect on pulmonary function by virtue of pulmonary function tests and measurement of peak airway pressure. The study included 43 multiparous, morbidly ...

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies in dialysis patients have identified seasonal variations in blood pressure that may follow climatic parameters such as external temperature and humidity. We aimed to assess the participation of interdialytic body weight gain variations in the seasonal profile of blood pressure. METHODS: Ninety-nine stable patients (40 F/59 M), ...

The association between obesity and hypertension is well documented, although the exact nature of this relation remains unclear. Sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation appear to play an important role in the sodium and water retention, rightward shift in the pressure-natriuresis, and blood pressure elevation observed in obese individuals. Visceral ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the blood pressure profile of children in Metroville, a lower middle class urban community of Karachi, Pakistan, and compare it to Pakistan National Health Survey of children. DESIGN: A research survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted by National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi ...

OBJECTIVES: To establish the relationship between childhood mental ability and adult hypertension. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Non-clinical sample of people born in 1921 who participated in both the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. Nine hundred and thirty-eight people were participants in both studies. MAIN ...

Co-existence of obesity and type 2 DM exacerbates metabolic and other remediable health consequences further. Various pharmacological therapies have been adopted when changing of lifestyle fail to achieve target glycaemic control. Our objective is to find out whether Orlistat can reduce both weight and need for oral hypoglycaemic agent (OHA) ...

Hypertension is often viewed solely as a disease of the adult. However, early indicators of hypertension are frequently observed in young children and neonates. Having an adequate appreciation of the normal range of infant blood pressure is critical for the appropriate management of the conditions associated with elevated or abnormally ...

To better understand the contributions of various genetic backgrounds to complex quantitative phenotypes, we have measured several quantitative traits of cardiovascular interest [i.e., systolic blood pressure, weight (corrected by body weight) of several cardiac compartments and adrenals and kidneys, and histological correlates for kidneys and adrenals] in male and female ...

In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed a population of 101 hypertensive patients in Japan to determine the efficacy of the blood pressure lowering effect of alpha 1-blockers in relation to their body mass index (BMI). We found that doxazosin was frequently administered to obese hypertensive patients; many patients treated with ...

Sibutramine is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor approved for the long-term management of obesity. Its primary mechanism of action is increased satiety, although some evidence also suggests increased energy expenditure could play a role in sibutramine-induced weight loss. It has established general efficacy in long-term trials, with clinically-approved ...

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common cardiac abnormality in acromegaly. Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an important parameter measured to detect LVH, but the relationship with body size should be considered by correcting LVM to body surface area (BSA), height or height2.7. All trials concerning acromegaly have ...

BACKGROUND: Breast-feeding in infancy has been associated with decreased coronary heart disease mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the association of breast-feeding with blood pressure in a contemporary cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC, United Kingdom), a total of 7276 singleton, term infants ...

The burden of insufficiently treated arterial hypertension is still underestimated. In addition to pharmacological therapy, patient training is a valuable therapeutic option. During 1998-1999, the Institute for Preventive Medicine conducted an intensive training programme in cooperation with regional practitioners. The goal of this programme was to educate patients about their ...

The association between low birth weight and high blood pressure is well established, but underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Vascular rarefaction, which may elevate peripheral vascular resistance, has been observed in capillaries of young men at risk for hypertension and men who had low birth weight. We looked for evidence that ...

Background: Hypertension is the most commonly diagnosed and treated health problem in the United States1. It is a recognized risk factor for heart failure, kidney disease, and premature death. Current recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modifications. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes 12.4 million deaths annually, most (9.6 million) occurring in developing countries. Hypertension, the most common CVD, arises within the context of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Obesity and salt intake are two important risk factors for hypertension and are the focus of this paper. ...

BACKGROUND: Fluid depletion during the perioperative period is associated with poorer outcome. Non-invasive measurement of total body water by bioimpedance may enable preoperative fluid depletion and its influence on perioperative outcome to be assessed. METHODS: Weight and foot bioimpedance were recorded under standardized conditions in patients undergoing bowel preparation (n=43) ...

This study aimed to examine the effects of inbreeding on 12 quantitative phenotypes like body weight, height, sitting height, head circumference, head length, head breadth, chest circumference, verbal, performance and full scale intelligence quotients, systolic and diastolic blood pressures among North Indian Children. The sample consisted of 3,253 subjects (1,683 ...

Excess weight gain is a major risk factor for essential hypertension and for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Obesity raises blood pressure by increasing renal tubular sodium reabsorption, impairing pressure natriuresis, and causing volume expansion because of activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system and by physical compression of ...

Obesity is a common problem in much of the western world today in that is linked directly with several disease processes, notably, hypertension. It is becoming clear that the adipocyte is not merely an inert organ for storage of energy but that it also secretes a host of factors that ...

Background: The influence of weight loss on insulin resistance was determined in severely overweight (BMI Z-score: 7.3 +/- 0.9 z-units) hyperinsulinemic (mean fasting serum insulin concentration: 33.0 +/- 6.7 muIU/mL) youth. Methods: Eight overweight youth and obese parents were studied at baseline and then at 6 and 12 months after ...

Excess weight gain accounts for as much as 65-75% of the risk for essential hypertension and also greatly increases the risk for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Obesity raises blood pressure by increasing renal tubular reabsorption, impairing pressure natriuresis, and causing volume expansion due to activation of the sympathetic nervous ...

Data on weight, height, blood pressure, and blood lipids were obtained for 1215 children entering New York Head Start preschools from 1995-1997. In this population, 17% were overweight and 15% were obese; the risk was greatest in Hispanic children. Overall, 13% had high blood pressure. African-American children were at increased ...

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease that include obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure, and insulin resistance. The growing trend of obesity is associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Optimizing diet and exercise are still the leading therapy for controlling the metabolic syndrome. Based ...

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptive on blood pressure and body weight in young women. Two hundred volunteers were selected for the purpose. Of them, one hundred and forty were taking injectable hormonal contraceptive, DMPA for 3 to 5 years uninterruptedly. ...

This article has discussed some of the mechanisms involved in the causal relation between obesity and hypertension. Obesity causes a constellation of maladaptive disorders that individually and synergistically contribute to hypertension, among other cardiovascular morbidities. Well-designed population-based studies are needed to assess the individual contribution of each of these disorders ...

Obesity is associated with high insulin and leptin levels. Studies also suggest that high levels of insulin and leptin increase sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and engender increased chronotropy, vasoconstriction and antinatriuresis that may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity related hypertension. Sympathetic modulation of cardiovascular responses requires good baroreceptor ...

Hypertensive patients have increased endothelin-1-dependent vasoconstrictor tone. This abnormality, however, might not be uniformly present in all forms of hypertension, as suggested by experimental studies showing that endothelin-1 activity is enhanced predominantly in low-renin, high-volume models and in insulin-resistant states. Because hypertension in obesity is commonly associated with both expanded ...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) may be accompanied by clinically important renal side effects. We compared the rate of reported side effects from celecoxib, rofecoxib, and nonspecific (NS) NSAIDs and their burden in RA patients. Patients on rofecoxib were more likely to report a problem with weight gain (P < 0.05) ...

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey, and to investigate their association with age, gender, and blood pressure. A crosssectional population-based study was performed. A total of 20,119 inhabitants (4975 women and 15,144 men, age > 20 years) from 11 Anatolian ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship of blood pressure to birthweight and current body mass index in a population with high rates of low birthweight (< 2.5 kg). DESIGN: A cross-sectional population screening program conducted between 1992 and 1998, with retrospective retrieval of birthweights. SETTING: A remote coastal Australian Aboriginal community ...

Obesity has a high and rising prevalence and represents a major public health problem. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is also common, affecting an estimated 15 million Americans, with a prevalence that is probably also rising as a consequence of increasing obesity. Epidemiologic data support a link between obesity and hypertension ...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To compare the utility of 10 commonly used body composition indicators (BCIs) in relation to demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional, school sample was studied. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and eighty-four Black, White and Hispanic adolescents 11-16 years of age from Houston, Texas, USA (Heartfelt ...

Previous studies have shown that congestive heart failure is characterized by sympathetic and reflex dysfunctions. Whether these alterations are potentiated in the presence of obesity and hypertension, two conditions that also display neuroadrenergic abnormalities and markedly increase the risk of heart failure, is unknown. In 14 healthy control subjects (C; ...

For many years seat cushions have been investigated for their ability to reduce seating discomfort. The objective of this thesis is to examine air-inflated seat cushions to determine how seating comfort (determined by pressure change rate) is affected by changing various parameters of the cushion. To this end, a mathematical ...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A direct effect of isolated obesity on cardiac function is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To determine the direct effect of different grades of isolated obesity on echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function. METHODS: 48 obese and 25 ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of morbid obesity, pneumoperitoneum (PP) and body position on cardiac function during laparoscopy were studied. METHODS: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed on 10 obese patients (body mass index, BMI, 48.1+/-1.8 kg/m2) and 10 normal weight patients (BMI = 22.6+/-0.8 kg/m2) in supine, Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positions ...

This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between birth weight, 24-h blood pressure and blood pressure variability in childhood. Blood pressure was measured in 976 schoolchildren, free from cardiovascular disease, aged between 6 and 16 years. Blood pressure variability was estimated as the standard deviation of the 24-h mean (systolic and ...

Excess weight gain is a major cause of increased blood pressure in most patients with essential hypertension, and also greatly increases the risk for renal disease. Obesity raises blood pressure by increasing renal tubular reabsorption, impairing pressure natriuresis, causing volume expansion due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and ...

It has been reported that hypertension and obesity often coexist with hyperuricemia. To clarify the relations between serum uric acid, plasma norepinephrine, and insulin or leptin levels in subjects with weight gain-induced blood pressure elevation, we conducted the present longitudinal study. In 433 young, nonobese, normotensive men, body mass index, ...