Vasopressors are a heterogeneous potent class of medications designed to increase blood pressure in emergent hypotensive situations. The goal of therapy is to increase blood pressure and maintain adequate perfusion, allowing nutrient and oxygen delivery to vital organs. Norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and vasopressin are 5 vasopressors available in the ...

The purpose of this study was to compare hemodynamic responses to vasodilator therapy in patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) versus HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There is no proven therapy for HFpEF. In the absence of data, medicines with established benefit in HFrEF such ...

Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly used in the continuous mode. Intermittent pressure therapy (IPT) results in faster wound healing, but it often causes pain. Variable pressure therapy (VPT) has therefore been introduced to provide a smooth transition between 2 different pressure environments, thereby maintaining the negative pressure ...

The authors hypothesized that carvedilol controlled-release plus lisinopril combination therapy (C+L) would increase endothelial function and decrease oxidative stress to a greater extent than hydrochlorothiazide plus lisinopril combination therapy (H+L) in obese patients with hypertension. Twenty-five abdominally obese patients (aged 54.4±7.3 years; 14 women) with hypertension/prehypertension were enrolled in a ...

The use of CO(2) for the preparation of value-added compounds has dramatically increased due to increased global warming concerns. We herein report an electrochemical cell containing a copper cathode and a magnesium anode that effectively converts epoxides and carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates under mild electrochemical conditions at atmospheric pressure.

To compare the intraocular pressure lowering effect of adjustable sutures and laser suture lysis for trabeculectomy in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma. Fifty patients with primary open angle glaucoma were studied. Eyes were assigned randomly to either trabeculectomy augmented with mitomycin C with adjustable sutures or with laser suture ...

Introduction Chronic pressure at work has debilitating impact on healthcare employers (e.g. reduced productivity, high costs, poor patient care) and on female healthcare employees (e.g. sickness, dysfunction). This paper highlights relationship at work as the key occupational source of work-stress which is organisational in nature. Methods A cross-sectional study (n = 230) ...

The authors describe a pressure ulcer prevention program implemented across a large healthcare system in Minnesota. An interprofessional team of representatives from 10 hospitals developed a bundle of interventions directed at measurement standardization, provider education, patient/family education and point-of-care resources for providers, timely nutritional assessment, and a novel Skin Day ...

To report a case of late subconjunctival bleb leak, and its management to preserve vision and achieve optimal pressure control in a patient with advanced glaucoma, a 3+ Seidel positive bleb leak, and hypotony maculopathy in the better-seeing eye. Case Report. Shutdown of the earlier trabeculectomy site with a scleral ...

To study any correlation between a short-term change in conjunctival hyperemia severity and the intraocular pressure-lowering effect induced by latanoprost. A 114 patients (56 females and 58 males) with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were studied. Their mean age was 60.9±15.0 years (range, 25 to 87 y). The primary outcome ...

An open label, multi-center, 6 months observational study of new fixed combination (travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5%), in order to evaluate both efficacy (intraocular pressure lowering) and tolerability (patient and investigator satisfaction) of two dosing regimens--evening (PM) and morning (AM). After screening for enrollment, to 40 patients (79 eyes with primary open ...

BACKGROUND: A new pathophysiologic mechanism has been proposed that indicates that periorbital port-wine birthmarks (PWBs) serve as alternate collateral blood passageways when orbital venous drainage is impaired. The occlusion of such collateral venous channels could, therefore, potentially exacerbate impaired ocular venous flow and trigger the development or worsening of glaucoma ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess aqueous humor dynamics in pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS). METHODS: Four groups of age-matched participants included 2 experimental groups with PDS (PDS with ocular hypertension [PDS-OHT], 17 eyes; PDS without ocular hypertension [PDS-ONT], 18 eyes) and 2 control groups without PDS (OHT, 18 eyes; ONT, 18 eyes). Assessments ...

The measurement of intraocular pressure is perhaps the most important clinical parameter contributing to the diagnosis of glaucoma. This report describes the most commonly used methods of tonometry (to measure intraocular pressure). Considering the common options of Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), Schiotz tonometry (ST), and Tono-Pen tonometry (TP), the TP ...

Studies of Lmx1b have shown that it is required for anterior segment formation during embryonic development and that reduction of Lmx1b may contribute to elevated intraocular pressure in the adult. However, whether Lmx1b is required for formation of anterior segment tissues that are associated with regulation of intraocular pressure has ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of raised intraocular pressure (IOP) after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy and its association with the energy used with raised versus normal intraocular pressure in pseudophakes. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative, cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Ophthalmology Department, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from August 2008 ...

PurposeTo report the occurrence of spontaneous hyphaema and acute ocular hypertension in four patients with severe lens-induced anterior uveitis.MethodsRetrospective case series.ResultsFour patients with mature cataract developed severe acute, unilateral, anterior uveitis associated with spontaneous hyphaema formation and acutely elevated intraocular pressure. None of the patients had a history of trauma ...

Hans Goldmann in 1958 emphasized the importance of the diurnal curve of intraocular pressure for very early detection of glaucoma. He stressed from the investigations of Leydhecker (1959) that there is a 10-year interval between early detection of chronic glaucoma and the first signs of neuronal defects or even later, ...

To assess the importance of intraocular pressure measurement obtained at 6:00 a.m. in bed and darkness for the diagnosis and intraocular pressure control of primary open-angle glaucoma. Retrospective analysis of the daily curve of intraocular pressure of suspects and glaucomatous patients under treatment. Suspects were classified as intraocular pressure values ...

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease in which increasing intraocular pressure leads to the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and blindness. Here, we report a neuroprotective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) against RGC loss induced by high intraocular pressure in the rat. Vehicle or PACAP (1 fM ...

Glaucoma as understood today could not have been detected before the means to see the optic nerve and reliably measure the intraocular pressure were available after the mid-1850s. One form, however, manifested itself as a visible enlargement of the globe and was thus recognized since antiquity. This article traces the ...

PURPOSE: The Reichert ocular response analyzer (ORA) measures corneal biomechanical properties in vivo by monitoring and analyzing the corneal behavior when its structure is submitted to a force induced by an air jet. This study was designed to examine corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis ...

The authors describe a new surgical method for treating disproportionately high intraocular pressures secondary to small traumatic hyphemas in three patients with the sickle cell trait. A novel technique was performed in all three cases to clear the hyphema from the anterior chamber angle. A Lewicky anterior chamber maintainer cannula ...

PURPOSE: To detect changes in local blood supply to central, middle, and peripheral retina following acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the effects of changes in local retinal blood supply on the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells. METHODS: The acute high intraocular pressure model of Sprague-Dawley rats was ...

The pathogenesis of normal (intraocular) pressure glaucoma has remained unclear so far. As hospital-based studies showed an association of normal-pressure glaucoma with low systemic blood pressure, particularly at night, and with vasospastic symptoms, it has been hypothesized that a vascular factor may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of ...

To assess the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab with guarded filtration surgery and mitomycin C in neovascular glaucoma. In this prospective, noncomparative interventional case series, neovascular glaucoma patients who had not responded to or could not receive panretinal photocoagulation were recruited. Patients received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab. If needed, ...

BACKGROUND: Several authors believe it is necessary to randomise the order in which contact and non-contact tonometers are used in comparison studies. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of repeated applanation on the measured intraocular pressure. METHODS: One set of measurements per session was made on each ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographically detected central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with Type II and VI mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and its impact on applanation tonometry and glaucoma detection. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with MPS (19 MPS II, nine MPS VI) underwent pachymetric investigation of CCT. Additionally, ultrasound measurements of axial length ...

A thesis that linear mechanics does not apply to the analysis of cornea load during Goldmann applanation tonometry measurement and that the concept of surface tension in the lacrimal fluid is an ineffective attempt at circumventing the associated problems is put forward. The fundamental problem emerging during numerically simulated measurement ...

The authors report a clinically distinctive form of elevated intraocular pressure-induced interface keratopathy that occurred after a pars plana vitrectomy with intraocular gas tamponade for a macular hole in the right eye in a 35-year-old woman who had laser in situ keratomileusis in both eyes 8 years previously. The intraocular ...

PURPOSE:To report the phenomenon of high measured intraocular pressure in recessive congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. METHODS:A case series was retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS:Five infants with significant congenital corneal haze had increased measured intraocular pressure that remained high despite drug treatment and surgery to decrease intraocular pressure. The clinical diagnosis of recessive ...

We report two cases of intraocular cysticercosis which showed a peculiar presentation of neovascular glaucoma which is hitherto unreported. Two young adults presented with symptoms of raised intraocular pressure due to neovascular glaucoma. On dilated fundus examination both were found to have dead intravitreal cysticercosis. The cysts were removed by ...

To determine the medium-term outcome of Ahmed implants inserted through a needle tract at 5 mm from limbus that eliminates the need for a donor scleral graft. A retrospective case series of 19 patients undergoing Ahmed implant surgery for refractory glaucoma with a mean follow-up of 12 months. Primary outcome ...

PURPOSE: To study the change of corneal birefringence at different pressures in vitro to determine whether corneal birefringence changes along with pressure. METHODS: The pattern of corneal birefringence was recorded at different intraocular pressures. The pressure differences were 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mm Hg, respectively. To compare the pattern sequence ...

To compare supine nighttime intraocular pressure measurements with Perkins applanation tonometry to 24-h sitting intraocular pressures with Goldmann applanation tonometry. A prospective, untreated, uncontrolled, observational cohort of qualified consecutive ocular hypertensive or primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Patients underwent sitting intraocular pressure measurements over 24-h by Goldmann and patients had their ...

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the mydriatic effect of intracameral injection of preservative-free 1% and 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solutions and determine the onset and duration of mydriasis according to the concentration and volume of lidocaine administered in healthy dogs. ANIMALS-5 healthy adult Beagles weighing 7 to 10 kg, with no apparent ocular disease. ...

Intraocular pressure change has been found concurrent with many orbital pathologies, particularly those involving proptosis. The objective of this review is to offer an inclusive classification of orbital disease-related intraocular pressure change, not only for oculoplastics and glaucoma specialists, but also for general ophthalmologists. Various orbital conditions associated with increased ...

The fine structure in the center and periphery of the cornea of 16 beagle dogs were characterized and compared. The central cornea (about 540 microm) was apparently thinner than the peripheral cornea (about 720 microm). Thickness ratios of the corneal substantia propria to the entire cornea were approximately 86% in ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the visual outcome and complications after trabeculectomy in patients of hypertensive traumatic total hyphaema. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Ophthalmology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from June 2004 to May 2008. METHODOLOGY: Patients with total hyphaema admitted in eye ward ...

PURPOSE: Corneal scarring in keratoconus, which is observed prior to contact lens wear and in association with a chronic habit of abnormal rubbing, suggests a keratocyte change to a repair phenotype in response to rubbing trauma. METHODS: This review examines known and putative mechanisms for rubbing-related corneal trauma and cone ...

Cataract and glaucoma are common co morbidities. Cataract surgery is frequently performed in patients with glaucoma. In this study, a review of literature with search terms of cataract, glaucoma and intraocular pressure is followed by evaluation and synthesis of data to determine the effect of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure. ...

Intraocular pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure are important determinants of the trans-laminar pressure gradient which is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration. Computational models and finite element calculations of optic nerve head biomechanics have been previously used to predict pressures and stresses in ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluctuation of intraocular pressure measurements obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry, and corneal compensated non-contact tonometry during office hours in glaucoma and healthy participants. This study also aims at correlating the intraocular pressure fluctuations with fluctuations of corneal ...

Short chain poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (cPHB) is a ubiquitous molecule that readily adheres to others, that is covalently added to proteins and that forms, with polyphosphate, ion channels. High levels of cPHB have been implicated in atherosclerosis and in diabetes. Here, we propose a hypothesis in which cPHB adheres to filaments in ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to study the correlation between the intraocular pressure peaks and fluctuation detected during the water drinking test and the same parameters observed during long-term follow up. METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled 22 eyes of 22 newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma patients. ...

The authors describe the case of a 76-year-old man in whom reversible sudden blindness developed after a percutaneous balloon compression rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia. His eye became tense and swollen with intraocular pressures of 66 mm Hg. Acetazolamide was administered, and visual acuity (20/50) returned within several months. Despite correct ...

Ophthalmic medications are often given as intravitreal injection. Antimicrobials, antivirals, corticosteroids and anti- vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the main classes which can be administered through intravitreal injections. Possible complications of intravitreal injection include intraocular pressure changes, especially intraocular pressure elevations. This review discusses both injection-related intraocular pressure elevations ...

PURPOSE: It is known that eyelid pressure can influence the corneal surface. However, the distribution of eyelid pressure and the eyelid contact area and the biomechanics of the changes are unknown. Although these factors are difficult to directly measure, analysis of eyelid-induced corneal topographic changes and eyelid morphometry enables some ...

Conditional inactivation of connexin43 (Cx43) in the pigmented epithelium of the mouse eye results in a reduction in aqueous humor production and complete loss of the vitreous chamber. It was proposed that gap junctions between pigmented and nonpigmented epithelia of the ciliary body are critical for the production of the ...

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of proparacaine-induced topical anesthesia on episcleral venous pressure (EVP). METHODS: In anesthetized rabbits (n = 11), EVP was measured with a servonull micropressure system, with glass pipettes with 2- to 3-microm tips used to cannulate episcleral veins. Additional measurements included arterial, intraocular, and orbital venous ...