PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of wind instrument playing on intraocular pressure. METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial, 24 eyes of 24 wind instrument players with no history of any ocular or systemic disease were evaluated. The musicians were members of Bilkent Academic Symphony Orchestra of Bilkent University in ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of timolol maleate gel-forming solution 0.5% (Timolol GFS 0.5%, Alcon Research Ltd, Fort Worth, Texas) compared with Timoptic XE 0.5% (Merck, Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: Two hundred forty-one patients with open-angle ...

OBJECTIVE: To establish normative relations between measures of visual function and cardiovascular variables that are important for age-related disease, including various forms of glaucoma. METHODS: Foveal flicker sensitivities, resting blood pressures and heart rates, and intraocular pressures were measured in 18 individuals aged 40 to 68 years. All subjects had ...

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of representative members from six classes of calcium channel blockers on intraocular pressure in the primate eye. Other antiglaucoma medications were administered with verapamil to determine their combined effect on intraocular pressure. METHODS: Six healthy cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized, and baseline intraocular pressure was measured. ...

The technical factors of microangiography were studied, and the authors found that the main limiting factors in resolution were the injection pressure of the contrast medium and the thickness of the materials. A gentle manual hand pressure injection, with the aid of visual monitoring under the operating microscope, were keys ...

We present a case of acute suprachoroidal hemorrhage that developed during routine phacoemulsification in an 85-year-old patient after uneventful administration of periocular anesthesia. Pre-existing risk factors included advanced age, glaucoma, myopia, and hypertension. The scleral tunnel prevented major expulsion of intraocular contents; however, raised intraocular pressure prevented intraocular lens implantation. ...

PURPOSE:To evaluate the correlation between interocular difference in progression of glaucomatous damage and interocular differences in retrobulbar blood flow. METHODS:On the basis of a retrospective analysis of visual fields, progressive damage was identified in 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. As a parameter of interocular difference in progression of visual ...

OBJECTIVE: To outline the difficulties in making management decisions associated with normal tension glaucoma. To suggest treatment strategies according to the clinical presentation of the disease. METHOD: Literature review and findings based on clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of normal tension glaucoma involves many difficult decisions including whether to intervene ...

BACKGROUND: Glaucomatous optic neuropathy often occurs in the absence of elevated intraocular pressure and, conversely, elevated intraocular pressure may occur without associated damage of the optic nerve. These findings challenge the simple explanation of intraocular pressure being the sole cause of neural loss and have led to theories of ischaemic ...

PURPOSE: To assess the short-term effects of sildenafil citrate on intraocular pressure in healthy male volunteers and participants in clinical trials. METHODS: Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter were measured in two placebo-controlled studies. Oral doses of sildenafil citrate (VIAGRA; Pfizer Inc, New York, New York) ranged from 10 mg to ...

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) is a known emulsifier as well as a common viscosity enhancer in eye drops. Therefore, HPMC stabilized emulsions appear as interesting drug carriers for ophthalmic use and as a suitable treatment of dry eye syndrome. Since submicron emulsions are known to have an improved drug delivery, attempts were ...

PURPOSE: To establish a normal reference range of intraocular pressure estimates in Thomson gazelles (Gazella thomsoni). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Applanation tonometry was conducted in 22 eyes of 11 gazelles anesthetized for transportation purposes with a mixture of etorphine hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate. Five sequential readings using a Tono-Pen XL (Mentor ...

PURPOSE: To report a man with markedly increased intraocular pressure in a unilateral exfoliated eye during hemodialysis. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 75-year-old man with unilateral exfoliative glaucoma complained of blurred vision in his right eye during hemodialysis. The blurred vision always occurred during hemodialysis, and the intraocular pressure was ...

PURPOSE: To compare tube shunt revision with additional tube shunt after failed tube shunt surgery. METHODS: We identified 281 patients who underwent a primary tube shunt procedure from 1985 to 1998 at Indiana University and reviewed 33 eyes of 33 patients that had failed and required further surgery. Shunt revision ...

BACKGROUND: Nonpenetrating trabeculectomy was used in a patient with glaucoma complicated by diffuse choroidal hemangioma. CASE: A 12-year-old boy suffered from glaucoma with choroidal hemangioma in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was 28 mm Hg and visual acuity was 0.04. Nonpenetrating trabeculectomy was then performed. OBSERVATIONS: Postoperative intraocular pressure was ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of laser trabeculoplasty in the normal myopic eye on steroid intraocular pressure responsiveness in patients undergoing radial keratotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diode laser trabeculoplasty was performed on 94 patients with myopia undergoing radial keratotomy who were then started on dexamethasone drops. Intraocular pressures were measured ...

PURPOSE: Based on our previous report that showed enhanced transfer of mitomycin C to the sclera and the conjunctiva by dissolving the agent into a reversible thermo-setting gel, we conducted a study to investigate the efficacy of mitomycin C gel in the rabbit. METHODS: We subconjunctivally injected 0.1 mL of ...

PURPOSE:To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure and visual field progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS:We prospectively followed 113 patients with early to moderate glaucomatous field damage. Conventional automated static perimetry, high-pass resolution perimetry, and intraocular pressure measurements were carried out at 6-month intervals. The mean and the ...

AIMS: To investigate changes in the mechanical compliance of ex vivo human lamina cribrosa with age. METHODS: A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to image the surface of the fluorescently labelled lamina cribrosa in cadaver eyes. A method was developed to determine changes in the volume and strain of ...

PURPOSE: The pressure-volume relation for an eye is the mathematical equation that relates changes in intraocular pressure to changes in intraocular volume. This relation is useful for calculating outflow facility from tonography and pulsatile ocular blood flow from intraocular pressure pulsations. The present work develops a new relation by culling ...

Intraocular pressure elevation after the use of viscoelastic agents in uncomplicated cataract surgery has been well documented in adults. However, pediatric patients are thought to clear residual viscoelastic agents from the anterior chamber more easily than adults, presumably because of healthier trabecular meshwork. (1) We report on a series of ...

PURPOSE: The main aims of this study were to: 1) determine whether heavy use of Harpenden calipers caused deterioration of the spring coefficient (force per unit length), 2) to quantify the change in skinfold thickness per unit change in jaw closing (downscale) pressure, and 3) to develop a calibration range ...

PURPOSE: Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used to treat glaucoma have significant systemic side effects. Brinzolamide 1.0%, a new topical ocular carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is effective apparently without significant systemic side effects. This study was performed to establish the long-term safety and efficacy of brinzolamide 1.0% two and three times daily ...

Anesthesia for the patient with a perforated globe can be complicated. Cognizance of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, including maintenance of intraocular pressure, is essential for the development of an anesthetic plan. Since the induction phase of anesthesia is the most critical period during which intraocular pressure is ...

Fluid shift after entering into microgravity, but also under equivalent flight conditions leads to enormous increase of intraocular pressure. To assess this precisely position - and gravity independent, handsome, automatic tonometers have been developed (German-Spacelab D1-Mission, German-Spacelab D2-Mission, German-Russian-MIR-Mission) telemetric transmission of measuring results of course would find scientific but ...

It is known that marijuana smoking and administration of natural cannabinoids reduce intraocular pressure. However, it has not been established whether the intraocular pressure-lowering effects of cannabinoids are mediated by cannabinoid receptors. Aminoalkylindoles are a new class of cannabimimetics with structures entirely different from those of natural cannabinoids. WIN55212-2, a ...

PURPOSE: To ascertain whether intravitreal triamcinolone given for subretinal neovascularization is associated with an ocular pressure rise. METHODS: A total of 113 patients with angiographically proven subretinal neovascularization were enrolled into a prospective study of the effects of intravitrea triamcinolone. Intraocular pressure was one of the parameters studied. RESULTS: Approximately ...

PURPOSE: To determine the successful treatment of unilateral phacolytic glaucoma by vitrectomy and trabeculectomy in a patient with homocystinuria whose lens had dislocated into the vitreous at least 15 years earlier. METHODS: In a 32-year-old woman with homocystinuria, bilateral dislocation of the lens into the vitreous, and phacolytic glaucoma in ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intraocular pressure on the permeability of human and rabbit sclera to water, dexamethasone, and carboxyfluorescein. METHODS: Scleral sections excised from moist-chamber-stored human globes or eyes obtained from euthanatized New Zealand White rabbits were mounted in a perfusion chamber ...

Treatment of glaucoma continues to be directed at lowering intraocular pressure to decrease the likelihood of disease progression. In the future intraocular pressure reduction might be augmented by other therapeutic approaches. Interest has been increasing in preventing progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy using approaches based on the premise that glaucoma ...

A 74-year-old woman developed capsule contraction associated with hypotony and choroidal effusion 18 months after uneventful phacoemulsification with 3-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens implantation. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed ciliary body detachment and stretched zonules. A radial neodymium: YAG anterior capsulotomy was performed, resulting in the resolution of the ciliary body detachment ...

PURPOSE: To describe in a Danish family the phenotype of members with autosomal dominant juvenile open-angle glaucoma linked to chromosome 1q, GLCA1, and to assess possible biometric differences between the eyes of affected and unaffected subjects. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects in a six generation family were examined. The records of five ...

To examine whether high intraocular pressure (greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg) or a history of treatment for glaucoma is associated with decreased survival and, if so, how such ocular markers might be explained. Eye examinations, including applanation tonometry, were conducted on members of the Framingham Eye Study ...

PURPOSE: To measure the relative efficacy of brinzolamide hydrochloride 1% ophthalmic suspension, a new carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, compared with the currently used dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% ophthalmic solution as suppressors of aqueous humor flow in human eyes, and to study the difference of effect during the day and at night. METHODS: ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine pressure changes in the pulp space during tooth preparation with either diamond or tungsten carbide burs in a high-speed dental handpiece in the laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty premolar teeth were collected and randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 received ...

Intraocular pressure dependent reactions of optic nerve head vasculature and intracapillary haemoglobin oxygenation (HbO(2); oxygen saturation) were studied in the center and at the rim of the rabbit optic nerve head (ONH) as well as in the choroid, by a new combination of microendoscopy and simultaneous haemoglobin spectrophotometry. In 13 ...

An aphakic patient with severe chronic hypotony had an alternative treatment of a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft: a 3-port pars plana vitrectomy, cryotherapy of the cleft, and fluid-gas exchange with subsequent supine positioning. The therapeutic principle was mechanical apposition of the detached ciliary muscle to the scleral spur by the gas ...

This paper deals with the experimental results of the effect of 1% dopamine on intraocular pressure, pupillary diameter and hemodynamic parameters after its local application in the rabbit eye. Our results show that locally applied dopamine caused an initial increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) (1 h), followed by its decrease ...

Tissue expanders placed within the orbit can have a positive effect on orbital and ipsilateral midfacial growth. To date, there is no precise method for controlling and monitoring expansion to induce normal growth in the developing facial skeleton. The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal physiologic pressure required ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether a decreased corneal thickness is a primary factor in the lower intraocular pressure readings found in normal-tension glaucoma patients. METHODS: Fourteen patients with normal-tension glaucoma were compared with 14 age- and sex-matched glaucoma patients. Corneal thickness was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry on each eye. RESULTS: The ...

Visual loss is an uncommon but catastrophic complication after intraorbital bone grafting for the reconstruction of acute traumatic defects or long-standing enophthalmos. Increased intraocular or intraorbital compartment pressure may be pathogenic in this setting. A two-part study was designed to test the null hypothesis that intraocular and intraorbital compartment pressure ...

A 45-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of decreased vision and pain in the left eye after blunt trauma to the eye. On evaluation, the vision was limited to detecting hand motions, and the intraocular pressure was 37 mmHg. Secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma, with pupillary block due to ...

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and histopathologic findings in a patient with corticosteroid-induced open-angle glaucoma attributable to an adrenocorticotropin-secreting malignant carcinoid of the thymus. METHODS: Case report. In a 33-year-old man, the clinical course, laboratory findings, and imaging results as well as the histopathologic findings are described. RESULTS: Increased intraocular ...

PURPOSE: To report the acute vs chronic effects of brimonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, on aqueous humor dynamics in ocular hypertensive patients. METHODS: Brimonidine 0.2% was given topically twice daily for 29 days to one eye each of 28 ocular hypertensive volunteers in a randomized double-masked study. The fellow ...

Technical grade disulfoton (DiSyston) was fed to Beagle dogs (four animals per sex and treatment level) at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.5, 4 and 12 ppm for 1 year. The purpose of this study was to characterize the potential general and neurovisual toxicity according to routine Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ...

The 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) is an endogenous ligand of retinoid X nuclear receptors (RXRs). Although the epidermis contains five times more RXRs than RARs, little is known on the activity of topical 9cRA. In order to circumvent surface isomerization of topically applied 9cRA into all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), we used topical ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost in a clinical setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 153 consecutive patients with open angle glaucoma receiving latanoprost were recorded at baseline (n=153), 2 weeks (n=151) and 8 to 12 months (n=89) after starting latanoprost treatment. In 82 patients (54%) latanoprost was ...

Choroidal thickness and axial eye length in the chick undergo day/night fluctuations that can also be modulated by visual experience. In the present study, we tested the effect of parasympathetic and sympathetic denervations on both day/night and image dependent changes in ocular dimensions. We also correlated such changes with fluctuations ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the true intraocular pressure and modulus of elasticity of the human cornea in vivo. The cornea was modeled as a shell, and the equations for the deformations of a shell due to applanating and intraocular pressures were combined to model the behavior ...

In the present study, we examined the effect of sevoflurane and remifentanil on intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluid dynamics. Twenty-eight rabbits were anesthetized with halothane, and IOP was measured via a 25-gauge needle in the anterior chamber. Rabbits were then assigned to one of four groups, and halothane was replaced ...