PURPOSE: To explore the hypothesis that differential pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers arises from the dynamics of aqueous flow across the iris-lens channel. METHODS: Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics were derived and evaluated numerically for a viscous homogeneous isotropic fluid (aqueous) passing through the iris-lens channel, which is ...

To understand the role of prostaglandins F(2alpha) and E(2) in aqueous humor under the normal condition, their concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay in aqueous fluid obtained from either eye of 60 patients during cataract surgery and correlated with clinical factors as the age and intraocular pressure. The concentrations of ...

Raised intraocular pressure and glaucoma have rarely been associated with use of periorbital corticosteroids for dermatological conditions such as blepharitis and eczema. Three cases are described in which periorbital topical corticosteroids appear to have resulted in raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma. Topical corticosteroids used for dermatological conditions around the face ...

PURPOSE: Interface inflammation is a common complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The most well-described presentation is diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK), which typically develops early after LASIK and responds quickly to topical steroids. In this report, we describe a novel presentation of interface inflammation that resembles DLK in appearance ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sildenafil on visual field and intraocular pressure in a group of healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy male volunteers with normal eyes were included in the study. Visual field examinations were performed using FASTPAC 30-2 program (white-on-white and blue-on-yellow) with the Humphrey field analyzer before ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in a group of dogs as puppies and young adults to determine if there is any change during maturation. Animals studied Thirty-two healthy Labrador Retriever dogs. PROCEDURES: Intraocular pressure was measured using a Tonopen XL initially at approximately 6 weeks of age (T1), then ...

Bimatoprost is a pharmacologically unique and highly efficacious anti-glaucoma agent. It appears to mimic the activity of the prostamides, which are biosynthesized from the natural endocannabinoid anandamide by the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2). Bimatoprost has also been suggested to lower intraocular pressure by behaving as a prodrug or, alternatively, by ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether trans-scleral pressure affects scleral solute permeability by altering scleral thickness or hydration, and to investigate the sustained release delivery of dexamethasone. Scleral sections from donor human globes were mounted for in vitro flux studies. Scleral thickness and hydration were measured as ...

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is only rarely associated with severe ocular involvement. We present a case of PV with bilateral severe swelling, induration and thickening of eyelids, and multiple conjunctival and lid margin erosions, complicated by high intraocular pressure secondary to steroid treatment. After successful systemic immunosuppressive, steroid, and antiglaucomatous treatment, ...

PURPOSE: To determine the amount of corneal thinning induced by corneal drying, and to discuss its possible consequences on applanation pressure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two sets of central corneal thickness measurement from 100 eyes of 100 patients were taken by ultrasonic pachymeter at time settings of 0, 15, 30, 45, ...

PURPOSE: To compare two regimens of SLT, ie, SLT with 25 laser spots on 90 degrees of trabecular meshwork and SLT with 50 laser spots on 180 degrees of trabecular meshwork in patients with open-angle glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective clinical study, the authors compared pressure-lowering effect of ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of fluticasone propionate, mometasone furoate, or beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of rhinitis produced, as a side effect, an increase in the intraocular pressure; only one printed article proclaims that the increase of secondary intraocular pressure is due ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of repeated intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: This prospective, comparative nonrandomized clinical interventional study included 13 patients with progressive exudative age-related macular degeneration with occult, or predominantly occult, subfoveal neovascularization. All patients had shown an increase ...

PURPOSE: To report on the treatment of long-standing sympathetic ophthalmia by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. DESIGN: Clinical interventional case report. METHODS: A 47-year-old patient who suffered from sympathetic ophthalmia and who was treated with intensive systemic immunosuppressive therapy received an intravitreal injection of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. Before injection, intraocular ...

The existence of a cutaneous pressure-induced vasodilation (PIV) has recently been reported. This paper proposes a signal processing methodology to improve PIV knowledge. Temporal variations of laser Doppler signals rhythmic activities are first analyzed on anesthetized rats. The results lead to a method that provides a better PIV understanding.

This is to present the results of randomized multicenter normal tension glaucoma study. The primary aim of the study was to establish whether a 30% or greater pressure reduction altered the course of NTG compared to untreated controls. Our study confirms that in glaucoma patients even with normal intraocular pressures ...

Encapsulation of a filtering bleb following trabeculectomy may lead to elevation of intraocular pressure, prompting further medical or surgical intervention. It has been suggested that needling of an encapsulated bleb may be effective in re-establishing drainage and lowering intraocular pressure. The objective of this review is to assess the effects ...

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with pressure alopecia following vitreoretinal surgery. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: An 11-year-old boy underwent vitreoretinal surgery for left retinal detachment. One week postoperatively, his parents noticed a patch of alopecia where his head may have been in contact with the wrist-rest assembly placed around the ...

PURPOSE: To report the ocular hypertensive response to high-dose systemic corticosteroid in a pediatric patient. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 9-year-old patient with leukemia received oral prednisolone at a dosage of 2.3 mg/kg/d for 5 weeks, followed by a 4-month break and then a 4-week course of oral dexamethasone ...

Chronic experiments were performed on rabbits to study changes in intraocular pressure, the coefficient of flow conductivity, and the chamber fluid minute volume during chronic emotional stress induced by long-lasting repeated electrical stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus alone and in combination with electrical stimulation of the locus ...

In the present study, we analyzed ST-segment elevation in lead aVR during tachycardia to differentiate the narrow QRS complex tachycardia. A total of 338 12-lead electrocardiograms during narrow QRS complex tachycardia were analyzed. Each patient underwent a complete electrophysiologic study. There were 161 episodes of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), ...

PURPOSE: The lamina cribrosa, as the main structural element of the optic nerve head, forms a pressure barrier between the intraocular space and the retrobulbar space. The function as a pressure barrier may have importance for the pathogenesis of ocular diseases related to intraocular pressure and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, ...

A 41-year-old woman with acute OD pain and decreased visual acuity presented with anterior uveitis, an intraocular pressure of 56 mm Hg, an open angle, ipsilateral nerve fiber bundle visual field defects, and optic nerve edema. With control of intraocular pressure and uveitis, visual acuity improved to 20/25, visual field ...

PURPOSE: To report long-term (>5 years) success of non-penetrating filtering surgery in glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: A 25-year-old woman developed severe glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure. Nonpenetrating filtering surgery (opening of the Schlemm canal and resection of corneal stroma overlying ...

OBJECTIVE: Clear corneal cataract incisions without sutures allow for rapid visual rehabilitation after phacoemulsification but might be associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection. The goal of this study was to examine in vitro dynamic changes in unhealed clear corneal cataract incisions that might adversely affect the risk of ...

BACKGROUND: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness in aging adults. Intraocular pressure is one clinical sign of this complex chronic disease. Treatment is currently limited to intraocular pressure reduction. Despite advances in intraocular pressure management and treatment, primary open-angle glaucoma patients can experience significant vision loss. ...

Adenosine 5' tetraphosphate, Ap(4), is a natural nucleotide present in many biological systems. This nucleotide has been found as a constituent of the nucleotide pool present in the aqueous humor of New Zealand rabbits. HPLC analysis confirmed its identity and calculated its concentration levels to be 197 +/- 21 nM. ...

PURPOSE: Ibopamine is a prodrug of epinine (deoxyepinephrine) that exhibits activity at dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. Topical ocular application has been shown to cause mydriasis without cycloplegia and to increase the rate of aqueous humor flow in normotensive human eyes. Mydriasis can interfere with the measurement of aqueous flow. In ...

PURPOSE: To describe a new surgical technique in which aqueous humor is diverted from the anterior chamber to the suprachoroidal space for the augmentation of uveoscleral outflow in the management of refractory glaucoma. METHODS: Four painful-blind eyes of four consecutive patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients ...

PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure is higher in older than younger subjects during the day and night. We attempted to determine whether episcleral venous pressure could explain the difference in the sitting and supine positions. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We compared episcleral venous pressure, intraocular pressure, and blood pressure in a group of ...

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the postural changes of the intraocular pressure and the visual field loss in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Eleven normal subjects and 11 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured in both the sitting and the supine positions. Visual ...

A reduction in intraocular pressure in clinical trials can be determined through the mean intraocular pressure, through the proportion of patients who have the intraocular pressure reduced to a specific target intraocular pressure, or both. Since both these possible endpoints measure the shift of 2 intraocular pressure distributions, we recommend ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of 0.005% latanoprost on the anterior segment geometry and ciliary body thickness using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Intraocular pressure, refraction, visual acuity, and pupil size were also evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with untreated ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma (mean age: 59.3 +/- 9.9 years) ...

PURPOSE: Intraocular pressure is a risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. With few exceptions, higher mean intraocular pressure and greater prevalences of glaucoma have been reported for individuals of African origin. This study was performed to compare the mean intraocular pressure of a group of ethnic East ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, non-comparative interventional pilot study was conducted. Fourteen eyes of 14 Chinese patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma whose intraocular pressures were greater than 21 mm Hg on ...

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that is associated with elevated intraocular pressure in most patients. We have previously demonstrated that the mechanism by which pressure damages optic nerve axons involves excessive nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2). We have now found that activation of the epidermal growth ...

A case of Coats' syndrome presenting with acute secondary open-angle glaucoma is described. A 41-year-old woman presented with eye pain and an intraocular pressure of 50 mm Hg in the right eye. Numerous hyperrefringent yellow-white crystals were seen in the anterior chamber and in a recessed anterior chamber angle. Fundus ...

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical course of a patient receiving repeated intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (25 mg) as treatment of ischemic ophthalmopathy. METHODS: A 70-year-old patient with Waldenström disease presented with progressive iris neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and ocular hypotony due to ischemic ophthalmopathy. Visual acuity was 0.05. Within 2.5 ...

Solanum melongena LINN (garden egg) or bitter tomato is an economic flowering plant belonging to the family Solanaceae and widely distributed throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Members are mostly herbaceous plants, and the fruit is berry and the seeds have large endosperm and are grown mainly for food and ...

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between smoking and intraocular pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49 years and older in an area west of Sydney, Australia from 1992 to 1994. A trained interviewer collected a detailed history of smoking. Intraocular pressure was measured ...

Sex-related differences in intraocular pressures of the right and left eye was studied in 64 men and 61 women, all young and right-handed. Intraocular pressures of the right and left eye were higher for women than men. Sex-related difference in intraocular pressure may be associated with presence of the sex ...

The effect of the topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide, on intraocular pressure in cats was studied. The intraocular pressure of both eyes of eight healthy cats was measured using applanation tonometery (Tono-Pen) during two phases: control and treatment. Both eyes were treated with 2% dorzolamide twice a day during the ...

Xylopia aethiopica, African guinea pepper, is an angiosperm belonging to the family Annonecae, and used mainly as spice and in traditional medicine. The ocular dynamics of bolus consumption of 300 mg total dose was undertaken on visually active volunteers with a view to finding its ocular effects or complications. Results ...

PURPOSE: Control of the transport of molecules into the nucleus represents a key regulatory mechanism for differentiation, transformation, and signal transduction. Permeabilization of the nuclear envelope by physical methods can have applications in gene therapy. Laser-induced pressure transients can produce temporary aqueous pores analogous to those produced by electroporation and ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between progression rate of glaucomatous damage and retrobulbar blood flow in an institutional setting. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: Twenty open-angle glaucoma patients with at least five visual field examinations and progressive damage in at least one eye were included in the study. Mean ...

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of legal blindness in the United States. Open-angle glaucoma is an asymptomatic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by enlarging optic disc cupping and visual field loss. Patients at increased risk for open-angle glaucoma include blacks older than 40 years, whites older than 65 years, ...

The influence of pressure on laser-induced incandescence (LII) is investigated systematically in premixed, laminar sooting ethylene/air flames at 1-15 bar with wavelength-, laser fluence-, and time-resolved detection. In the investigated pressure range the LII signal decay rate is proportional to pressure. This observation is consistent with the prediction of heat-transfer ...

PURPOSE: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a well-described entity with Krukenberg's spindle, heavy trabecular pigmentation and retroilluminating iris defects. We have observed a group of patients in mesoendemic onchocercal communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria, with significant amounts of free-floating melanin in the anterior chamber, normal angle pigmentation and absence of ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of using a fibrin sealant as an aid to stabilize temporarily sutured keratoprostheses. METHODS: Ex vivo the corneas were removed from six porcine eyes, and an Eckardt prosthesis was sutured and additionally fixed with fibrin sealant. The outflow resistance ...

BACKGROUND: Several ocular complications, including glaucoma and ocular hypertension, have been reported in patients with nevus of Ota. CASE: A 12-year-old boy with nevus of Ota on the left side of his face was referred for further examination of elevated intraocular pressure in his left eye. OBSERVATIONS: Intraocular pressure measured ...