A 50-year-old woman presented with unilateral acute loss of vision 15 hours after undergoing bilateral hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). She denied "straining." Fluorescein angiography showed no retinal vascular abnormalities but demonstrated blocked fluorescence corresponding with subhyaloid, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhages seen clinically in the left eye. YAG laser ...

The first case of hyphema occurring during selective laser trabeculoplasty in an eye without neovascularization is described. A 77-year-old man with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma received selective laser trabeculoplasty in both eyes for high intraocular pressure with maximally tolerated medical treatment. Hyphema occurred during selective laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye. ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Succinylcholine administration, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are followed by increased intraocular pressure. Various premedications have been advocated for preventing increases in intraocular pressure, especially in patients undergoing surgical repair of open globe due to penetrating eye trauma. Results of studies in this area have been controversial. METHODS: ...

PURPOSE: To investigate how hydrostatic pressure influences regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 by retinal glia and whether this regulation is associated with the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway (UPP) and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)kappaB. METHODS: Astrocytes and microglia isolated from rat retina were maintained in vitro, and the IL-6 concentration ...

BACKGROUND: The reliability of non-contact tonometers has been reported extensively in the literature. This study was designed to assess reliability of the new Topcon CT80 non-contact tonometer in normotensive subjects, using the Goldmann tonometer as the standard. METHODS: The accuracy of the Topcon CT 80 non-contact tonometer was assessed by ...

Positive pressure during cataract surgery can adversely affect the clinical outcome if the surgeon is unprepared. A variety of surgical maneuvers are described, including dry insertion of the phacoemulsification needle, capsule protection with the second instrument, dry cortical aspiration in an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) environment, intraocular lens restraint with ...

A healthy 45-year-old man had a retrobulbar hemorrhage 9 days after cosmetic upper eyelid blepharoplasty that resulted in permanent visual loss. After performing a left lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, intraocular pressure returned to normal and vision improved from no light perception to 20/40; however, the patient did have permanent visual ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Highlights recent studies relating to the impact of corneal structure and biomechanical properties on glaucoma evaluation and management. RECENT FINDINGS: Central corneal thickness has been shown to play a role in the interpretation of intraocular pressure. Central corneal thickness has also been suggested as a glaucoma risk ...

OBJECTIVES: To test whether dynamic contour tonometry yields ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) measurements that are independent of corneal thickness and curvature, and to assess variables of observer agreement. METHODS: In a multivariate cluster analysis on 223 eyes, the relationship between central corneal thickness, corneal curvature, axial length, anterior chamber depth, ...

Insertion of skull pins results in haemodynamic perturbations, which can be blunted by local anaesthetic infiltration of the pin sites. No study has assessed the effects on intraocular pressure. General anaesthesia was induced in 71 patients undergoing cervical spine surgery with attachment of Gardner Wells tongs to the skull. Skull ...

PURPOSE: The response of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to ocular pressure in glaucoma likely involves signals from astrocytes and microglia. How glia-derived factors influence RGC survival at ambient and elevated pressure and whether the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a contributing factor were investigated. METHODS: Primary cultures of retinal astrocytes, ...

PURPOSE: To correlate the ibopamine provocative test with the diurnal tension curve (highest intraocular pressure-IOP and range) in glaucoma. METHODS: This is a prospective case series including glaucoma patients from the Federal University of Goiás, Glaucoma Service. Two 2% ibopamine eyedrops were instilled into one or both eyes of each ...

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) hydrogel cross-linked by gamma irradiation was assessed as a possible vitreous substitute. From a series of experiments, rise of intraocular pressure and inflammatory changes in the vitreous cavity after operation were observed in some cases. Crab-eating macaques were used for this experiment. PVA gels were injected into vitreous ...

PURPOSE: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide has increasingly become a therapeutic option for neovascular, inflammatory, and edematous intraocular diseases. A common side effect of this treatment is a steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure. In most of these patients, the rise in intraocular pressure can be treated topically. Those cases that ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of sodium hyaluronate on the early complications of trabeculectomy. METHODS: In this prospective study, trabeculectomy was performed in 51 eyes of 51 patients with different types of glaucoma. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. In 24 eyes (study group) sodium hyaluronate was injected into ...

PURPOSE: Topiramate-induced angle-closure glaucoma (TiACG) is believed to be related to its sulfonamide moiety. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, the time course and constellation of symptoms are consistent with a possible inflammatory pathophysiologic condition. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: We report the clinical outcome of a case of TiACG ...

The proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was suppressed in denudated rabbit aorta by holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser intravascular irradiation. This study was dedicated to determine the applicability of the Ho:YAG laser irradiation on chronic restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The proliferation of SMCs in denudated rabbit aortas was suppressed in vivo ...

It is well known that at least 50% of laparoscopic complications occur during the initial entry into the abdomen regardless of the method used. There is evidence that most gynecologists practice the "classic" or closed laparoscopic entry. There is no evidence that the closed entry is more or less dangerous ...

Hypotonous maculopathy is a serious complication of glaucoma filtration surgery. A patient with hypotonous maculopathy due to excessive filtration was treated with intravitreal gas. During the next several months, the intraocular pressure increased and the visual acuity improved. Intravitreal gas is useful for the treatment of hypotonous maculopathy due to ...

PURPOSE: Hemodilution and inflammation lead to edema and increased muscle compartment pressure after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to find whether muscle compartment pressure was affected by the addition of albumin and mannitol to the pump prime, heparin coating or leukocyte depletion. Additionally, we studied the relationship ...

The effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) from dogs pulling against a collar or a harness was evaluated in 51 eyes of 26 dogs. The force each dog generated while pulling against a collar or a harness was measured. Intraocular pressure measurements were obtained during application of corresponding pressures via collars ...

This review paper describes the evolution of the quantification procedure for compositional depth profiling (CDP) in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES), based on the constant emission yield concept. The concept of emission yield (EY) is defined and ways of measuring it experimentally are discussed. The history of the development ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To understand the results of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study and the European Glaucoma Prevention Study and to explain differences in their findings and recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS: The value of lowering intraocular pressure with medical therapy to delay or prevent the progression from ocular hypertension to primary ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Central corneal thickness has become an important biometric factor and is an essential part of the evaluation of glaucoma. Goldmann applanation tonometry is the most widely used method of measuring intraocular pressure, but it is well known that corneal parameters affect the accuracy of this instrument. Intraocular ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the results of repeated intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: The investigation included a study group (the responders) of 19 patients (22 eyes) with diffuse diabetic macular edema, who showed an improvement in visual acuity ...

Optical microelectromechanical system pressure sensors based on the principle of Fabry-Perot interferometry have been developed and fabricated using the technique of silicon-to-silicon anodic bonding. The pressure sensor is then integrated onto an optical fiber by a novel technique of anodic bonding without use of any adhesives. In this anodic bonding ...

PURPOSE: To address the efficacy of fat-removal orbital decompression to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with Graves disease. METHODS: This cohort study included 64 eyes of 39 patients with Graves disease. Thirteen men and 36 women, with a mean age of 52.5 years (range, 27 to 80 years), underwent fat-removal ...

We have recently segregated a new line of rabbit, named TGH, with severely high levels of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the progression of atherosclerosis and haemodynamic parameters in TGH rabbits. 2. Japanese white (JW) and TGH rabbits (24-27 months old) were ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of corneal thickness on the incidence of glaucomatous progression at individual levels of intraocular pressure. METHODS: A retrospective, noninterventional evaluation of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were either stable over 5 years or had glaucomatous progression before 5 ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of oxymetazoline nasal spray on intraocular pressure and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with open-angle glaucoma and to compare the results with those measured in healthy control participants. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled, prospective clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital. METHODS: Thirty patients with open-angle glaucoma and 30 healthy ...

PURPOSE: The dynamic contour tonometer (DCT, Pascal tonometer, Swiss Microtechnology AG, Port, Switzerland) was recently introduced as a new method of intraocular pressure measurement, supposedly independent of corneal properties. In this study we analyzed the agreement and correlation of dynamic contour tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and investigated the ...

BACKGROUND: We studied the effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) on medically controlled, pressure-stable glaucoma patients to verify whether it is possible to reduce ocular hypotensive medication after ALT while keeping intraocular pressure levels similar to those observed before the procedure. METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive chronic glaucoma patients, all of whom ...

BACKGROUND: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is the most common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma, the prevalence of which varies considerably among different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Pakistan. METHODS: A prospective study conducted in the period from January 2003 to June ...

Early surgical results (mean follow-up = 163 days) following combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy as a first surgical procedure for 20 consecutive cases in 14 children with primary congenital glaucoma were retrospectively examined. Mean pretreatment intraocular pressure was 25.55 +/- 9.58 mmHg, decreasing to 14.55 +/- 6.15 mmHg following treatment. Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy ...

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The loss of sight in glaucoma is due to the permanent optic nerve damage which is the result of a chronic elevated intraocular pressure. In this paper, we report a completely new concept to treat glaucoma using a nano-drainage device fabricated through ...

A 22-year-old woman underwent 360 degrees trans-scleral contact diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma. Conjunctival burns and scleral thinning were noticed inferonasally at the last laser application. Intraocular pressure in the first week was normal. Six months later the patient presented with encysted filtering bleb and high intraocular pressure. Ultrasound ...

PURPOSE: To study histopathological changes in rabbit conjunctiva after suction ring application. METHODS: A suction ring was applied to adult albino rabbit eyes (n = 30) with a vacuum pressure of 508 mm Hg for 40 s. Three rabbits were sacrificed at 3 h (3-hour group), 6 h (6-hour group), ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Ahmed valve implantation for refractory glaucoma following pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 15 patients suffering from secondary glaucoma following pars plana vitrectomy underwent Ahmed valve implantation. All the eyes were in critical condition, and intraocular pressure could not be controlled with anti-glaucoma ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of acute hypoxemia and hyperglycemia on retinal pH to understand hyperglycemia-induced changes in the normal intact cat retina. METHODS: Spatial profiles of extracellular hydrogen ion (H+) concentration were obtained from the cat retina, in vivo, using pH-sensitive microelectrodes during normoxia (arterial partial pressure of oxygen ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride and 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure elevation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive either 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride, 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride, or ...

OBJECTIVES: To study the normal Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and investigate the correlation between CCT and age, gender intraocular pressure and refractive error MATERIAL AND METHOD: Population of age 12-60 years old were interviewed with standard questionnaire. Refractive error was measured and graded according to spherical equivalent power. Then intraocular ...

Square-wave voltammetry with the hanging drop mercury electrode as the working electrode was used for the determination of ultratraces of explosives in aqueous solution. It was shown that the strong pressure dependence of the pneumatically controlled multimode electrode system of a conventional Metrohm apparatus could be compensated by an additional ...

Chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease that is stored exclusively in the secretory granules of mast cells and converts big endothelins to endothelin-1 (1-31). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chymase on intraocular pressure in rabbits. Chymase injection (3 and 10 mU) resulted in a ...

BACKGROUND: It is known that denervation occurs in the regions of myocardium treated by laser transmyocardial revascularization (TMR). The purpose of this study was to determine when regional denervation occurs in the early postoperative period and whether or not it is specific to laser TMR when compared with TMR using ...

In 40 patients undergoing arthroscopic subacromial decompression, we monitored the soft tissue pressure in the paratracheal region and in the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, looking for evidence of a potentially dangerous rise in pressure, especially in the paratracheal region. Statistical analysis was used to determine predictable variables of the time ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence, causes, prevention, treatment and outcome of postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) following cataract surgery in southwest Finland from 1987 to 2000. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with POE following cataract surgery treated in the hospital district of Southwest Finland from 1 January 1987 ...

PURPOSE: With tonometers currently in use intraocular pressure is indirectly determined by measuring a physical quantity related to a specified deformation of the cornea. We present a new principle of direct, continuous, and transcorneal intraocular pressure measurement, describe its theoretical foundation, and evaluate its application on the basis of an ...

PURPOSE: To assess the influence of glaucoma filtration surgery on anatomical and functional tests for glaucoma evaluation. METHODS: Twenty-five eyes (25 patients) with primary open-angle glaucoma were evaluated, prospectively. Data were collected on vision acuity, intraocular pressure, standard automated perimetry, frequency doubling technology perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) and confocal ...

Increased intraocular pressure is often implicated in the aetiology of postoperative visual impairment. Such an increase in intraocular pressure has been demonstrated in the prone position. We investigated intraocular pressure in seven patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery in the knee-elbow position with the head resting on a cushion and turned ...

BACKGROUND: Intravitreal corticosteroid injections are a new therapeutic procedure used to treat various retinal edematous and neovascular conditions. They have been used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema, exudative macular degeneration, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema, macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion, and chronic uveitis as well as other ...