The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of topical ibopamine and epinephrine on intraocular pressure in undisturbed rabbits. Six pigmented rabbits were outfitted with a telemetric transducer system connected via catheter to the vitreous cavity of one eye for continuous monitoring of intraocular pressure. After entrainment to ...

PURPOSE: To assess the rise in intraocular pressure following phacoemulsification and whether it can be modified by the architecture of the peripheral corneal incision for the second instrument. SETTING: Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, United Kingdom. METHOD: Forty-two patients had intraocular pressures measured from both eyes preoperatively, then underwent routine scleral ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether intracameral bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% is as effective as lidocaine hydrochloride 1.0% in controlling discomfort of patients during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. In rabbits, corneal endothelial cell function, ultrastructure, and viability were evaluated after in vitro perfusion of bupivacaine 0.5%. METHODS: In a double-masked, ...

Obstruction of the aqueous humor outflow from the anterior chamber of the eye leads to an elevation of intraocular pressure in glaucoma, the second major cause of blindness worldwide. Our goal is to be able to modulate aqueous humor outflow resistance by gene transfer to the cells of the trabecular ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas bubble in the augmentation of glaucoma-filtering blebs. DESIGN: Experimental animal study and a pilot clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty rabbits in the animal study and 20 humans in the pilot study participated. INTERVENTION: Twenty patients underwent trabeculectomy for medically uncontrolled glaucoma. Surgical ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether ocular hypertensive subjects have a higher central corneal thickness than other individuals. METHODS: In this prospective study, 48 subjects with ocular hypertension, 63 patients with open-angle glaucoma, 56 nonglaucomatous patients with diabetes mellitus, and 106 control subjects were evaluated. Corneal thickness was measured by ultrasound pachymetry, ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in efficacy and safety of latanoprost as monotherapy compared to adjunctive therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma. We reviewed records of 527 patients who were treated with latanoprost as mono- or adjunctive therapy to reduce the intraocular pressure. Each patient was treated ...

PURPOSE: To develop a method for measurement of intraocular pressure in conscious, unsedated rats. METHODS. The animal was gently held with a thick fabric mitten, topical anesthetic drops were instilled and the Tono-Pen was applied to the cornea. RESULT: Measurements in a total of 51 animals did not differ significantly ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop an in vitro model of uveitis based on an ex situ perfused eye to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of new pharmacological products. PROCEDURE: Eyes were removed from more than 60 dogs and 9 horses immediately after euthanasia and perfused with nutrient medium through the lateral long ciliary ...

BACKGROUND: None of the keratoprostheses available today is absolutely successful in the long term, neither the problems of extrusion, retroprosthetic membrane formation and intraocular pressure rise are yet solved. A new type of keratoprosthesis is required which can show improved ingrowth characteristics and allow intraocular pressure measurements. In order to ...

The objective was to determine whether topically administered 1% atropine would alter intraocular pressure. The animals studied were four healthy adult horses. Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter were measured prior to and during a 2-day period of treatment with 1% atropine sulfate. No significant changes in intraocular pressure occurred as ...

A 46-year-old man complained of a painless mass in the left upper eyelid. At age 51 years, the patient complained of dull pain in the left eye and diplopia. His left intraocular pressure had increased to 33 mm Hg. No proptosis was noted. The nontender mass in the eyelid was ...

Despite exciting progress in the field of neuro-protection, lowering the intraocular pressure is still the only available option to treat glaucoma patients. The level to which the intraocular pressure should be lowered is different for each individual patient. The formula proposed to calculate the "target pressure" takes into account the ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty targets the pigmented trabecular meshwork cells without damage to the trabecular meshwork architecture in vitro. A study was conducted in vivo of eight eyes with uncontrolled open angle glaucoma to ascertain the immediate intraocular response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. METHODS: The trabecular meshwork of each eye ...

The authors investigated the effect of ketanserin 0.5% eye drops on intraocular pressure and orbital blood flow in some healthy volunteers. Ketanserin is a selective antagonist of serotonin S(2) receptors; moreover, it produces an alpha(1)-blocking effect. It causes a systemic reduction of blood pressure and capillary vasodilatation. Three hours after ...

PURPOSE: The neurodegenerative progression of glaucoma is considered to be related not only to primary risk factors such as the elevation of intraocular pressure, but also to mediators of secondary neuronal degeneration. In the present study, the neuroprotective activity of the alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists brimonidine, AGN 191103, and clonidine were examined ...

PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure and hypotony outcomes of primary phakic trabeculectomies with no mitomycin C (MMC), shorter MMC, and longer MMC exposure. METHODS: We evaluated primary phakic trabeculectomies with no MMC (36 eyes of 36 patients), 0.5- to 1-minute MMC (50 eyes of 50 patients), and 3- to ...

Having previously reported that topical dihydroergocristine dose-dependently reduces intraocular pressure in ocular normotensive rabbits with a maximum response and potency higher than those of timolol and pilocarpine, the aim of the present work was to assess the effect of this drug in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits. Intraocular pressure was measured ...

PURPOSE: To report a case of ciliary body melanoma that masqueraded as chronic uveitis. METHODS: A patient experienced persistent unilateral panuveitis and elevated intraocular pressure. Inflammation and pressure worsened after cataract extraction and lens implantation. Diagnostic vitrectomy was non-revealing. RESULTS: Repeat vitrectomy and lens implant removal revealed a ciliary body ...

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using a neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) or semiconductor diode laser in controlling intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma. METHODS: In a prospective study, 95 eyes of 91 patients with refractory glaucoma randomly received Nd:YAG or diode cyclophotocoagulation. Patients were followed for a ...

PURPOSE: To measure under carefully controlled conditions the effects in the rabbit eye of commonly used therapeutic agents for glaucoma. METHODS: Rabbits were outfitted in one eye with an implantable telemetric pressure transducer and monitored for several months under controlled conditions of light/ dark and handling. Effects of tonometry, handling, ...

PURPOSE: Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is one of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) that is caused by the incomplete degradation and storage of dermatan sulfate. METHODS: We describe a 49-year-old female patient with the mild form of the disease (MPS VI-B) who developed bilateral increasing corneal opacification and increased intraocular pressure after cervical-fusion surgery. ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare the effect of apraclonidine hydrochloride and brimonidine tartrate on the rate of aqueous humor flow in human subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty normal human subjects were given apraclonidine or brimonidine by topical instillation. Aqueous humor flow was measured by the rate of disappearance of topically ...

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of applanation tonometry in patients with corneas thinned by photorefractive keratectomy, and to correlate corneal changes with tonometric readings. METHODS: The intraocular pressure was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry in 87 patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy before and 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment. ...

PURPOSE: To determine if latanoprost reduces intraocular pressure in eyes with glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in which eyes with uncontrolled intraocular pressure associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome were treated with latanoprost 0.005% once daily. All eyes were already receiving at least two other antiglaucoma ...

PURPOSE: To determine if intraocular pressure plays a part in the pathogenic process of normal-tension glaucoma. METHODS: One eye of each eligible subject was randomized either to be untreated as a control or to have intraocular pressure lowered by 30% from baseline. Eyes were randomized if they met criteria for ...

PURPOSE: In a companion paper, we determined that intraocular pressure is part of the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma by analyzing the effect of a 30% intraocular pressure reduction on the subsequent course of the disease. We report an intent-to-treat analysis of the study data to determine the effectiveness of pressure ...

After intracameral injection calcitonin gene-related peptide has been demonstrated to break the blood aqueous barrier and increase intraocular pressure in rabbits. However in cats, calcitonin gene-related peptide decreases intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow facility of aqueous humor. In the present study, the effect of intracameral injection of calcitonin gene-related ...

BACKGROUND: Puumala virus infection (nephropathia epidemica) is a disease in the group of hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome causing ocular manifestations, e.g. transient myopia and changes in intraocular pressure. PATIENT AND METHODS: Comprehensive and repeated ophthalmic examinations of a previously healthy 35-year-old woman with acute Puumala virus infection were performed. ...

It has been reported that isopropyl unoprostone, a prostaglandin-related compound, has potent effects in lowering intraocular pressure and that its hypotensive effect is an increase of uveoscleral outflow. In the present study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of the hypotensive effects of this novel antiglaucoma drug in 115 primary open-angle ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronidase in preventing increases in intraocular pressure related to injections of hyaluronan-containing viscoelastic substances. METHODS: Twenty-five white rabbits were divided into 5 groups. In groups 1 through 4, 0.15 mL of aqueous humor was removed and replaced with 0.10 mL of a viscoelastic substance ...

PURPOSE: To determine the intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of brinzolamide 1.0%, compared with dorzolamide 2.0% and timolol 0.5%. METHODS: A multicenter, double-masked, prospective, parallel-group study was conducted to compare brinzolamide 1.0%, administered two and three times a day, dorzolamide 2.0% three times a day, and timolol 0.5% twice a ...

PURPOSE: To highlight the need for referral and prompt intervention when signs of increased intraorbital pressure are present. CLINICAL FEATURES: A four year old child presented to hospital with orbital swelling of recent onset, nausea and somnolence. Computed tomography and brain scan demonstrated a normal brain with a mass in ...

Pupillary constriction during phacoemulsification (phaco) and irrigation/aspiration (I/A) is found to be the major cause of iris damage, incomplete cortex removal, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss and even posterior lens material dislocation. Cataract surgery is performed more easily if mydriasis can be maintained. Irrigation fluid containing adrenaline is thought to ...

This prospective observational study of 85 herniated disks was conducted to investigate the relationship between diskomanometry and radiologic and clinical parameters. The mean injection pressure (P0) was 282 kPa, the residual pressure after 60 s (P60) was 181 kPa, and the loss of pressure (LOP) was 34%. P0 and P60 ...

AIMS: Ophthalmodynamometry has been used extensively since the last century; however, controversy surrounds what it actually measures. This study was set up to determine the relation between ophthalmodynamometric (ODP) and systemic blood pressures. METHODS: Aortic pressure was continuously monitored and altered by phlebotomy in six anaesthetised dogs, while ophthalmodynamometry was ...

Two cases of a benign form of optic disc edema after successful trabeculectomy are reported. In both patients, optic disc edema was noted 2 to 4 weeks after trabeculectomy. The edema occurred without loss of visual acuity or field. The absolute intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure were normal--that is, the ...

The effect of a single instillation of topical carteolol on iridial tissue circulation of pigmented rabbits was studied. The blood flow rate and a quantitative index of tissue blood velocity (NBiris) were measured simultaneously, using the microsphere technique and the laser speckle method, before and 2 hours after the instillation ...

PURPOSE: To detect the mechanism of intraocular pressure elevation during hemodialysis. METHODS: We measured intraocular pressure, as well as serum osmolality and plasma CO2 pressure, every 30 min during hemodialysis, in 5 eyes with severely compromised aqueous outflow facility (Group A) from 4 renal failure patients. The same measurements were ...

We present an inexpensive, reusable method of introducing optical fibers into ultrahigh vacuum systems. A Teflon ferrule with a center-drilled hole slightly larger than the fiber diameter replaces the metal ferrules of a standard Swagelok connector. The Swagelok connector when tightened compresses the Teflon to form a vacuum seal for ...

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that has a multi-factorial etiology. The most important risk factor is certainly an increased intraocular pressure. However, clinical observations have indicated that factors other than increased intraocular pressure also damage the neural tissue in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The most prominent of these to be ...

Tonometry is the measure of intraocular pressure. There are several methods used to obtain intraocular pressure, such as Goldmann applanation tonometry, Tono-Pen tonometry, pneumotonometry, and tactile tension. All these methods have advantages and disadvantages. Measurement of intraocular pressure plays an important role in the detection and management of glaucomatous conditions. ...

The purpose of this study was to compare means, variability, and reproducibility in intraocular pressure and in outflow facility measured repeatedly over several days by Bio-Rad pneumatonography and Schiotz tonography in normal human volunteers. For each instrument a measurement of intraocular pressure and one of outflow facility were obtained at ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the variation in anterior and posterior straining under intraocular pressure changes for the central cornea of normally hydrated and swollen rabbit eyes. METHODS: A new method of measuring regional corneal strains, by imaging a specific tissue location at various intraocular pressures, was developed. Sixteen freshly enucleated, New ...

We describe the combination of a polarimetric pressure sensor with a two-wavelength passive quadrature demodulation system allowing for dynamic pressure sensing in the 10-MPa range with unambiguous fringe counting. Furthermore, continuous phase measurement with the arctan method applied to the quadrature interference signals after automatic offset subtraction is demonstrated for ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether, in normal-pressure glaucoma, the level of intraocular pressure is correlated with the degree of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. METHODS: Color stereo optic disk photographs of 98 eyes with the focal type of normal-pressure glaucoma, 17 eyes with the highly myopic type of normal-pressure glaucoma, and 36 ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of posterior subtenon injections of corticosteroids on intraocular pressure in a variety of ocular diseases. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 202 consecutive posterior subtenon corticosteroid injections (148 of methylprednisolone acetate, 80 mg, and 54 of triamcinolone acetonide, 40 mg) in 63 eyes of 55 patients (26 ...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to report incidence and to assess risk factors of postoperative glaucoma in patients with stage 3 idiopathic macular hole treated with pars plana vitrectomy, removal of posterior hyaloid membrane, and perfluoropropane gas tamponade. DESIGN: The author performed a retrospective chart review and statistical analysis of risk ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of using diluted viscofluids during intraocular surgery. SETTING: Laboratory for Intraocular Microsurgery and Implants, Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. METHODS: Diluted hyaluronic acid (0.06 to 0.12%) in balanced salt solutions were irrigated through the phacoemulsification machine ...

PURPOSE: The recommended concentration of topical phenylephrine for mydriasis is still a matter of debate. Our purpose was to compare the cardiovascular effects of 10% and 2.5% topical aqueous phenylephrine. METHODS: We carried out a double-masked randomised study on 54 consecutive patients undergoing routine local anaesthetic cataract extraction, comparing the ...