OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate normal values and pressure morphology of three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRM) in asymptomatic volunteers and to determine the relationship between objective measurable values, gender, and age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anorectal pressures and rectal sensation were evaluated in 110 asymptomatic volunteers (46 ...

Several studies have been published on the inactivation of bacterial spores by using high pressure processing in combination with heat. None of the studies investigated the effect of the packaging system or the pressurizing fluid on spore inactivation. The objective of this study was to select and validate an appropriate ...

BACKGROUND: Previous laboratory studies have shown that angiotensin II is produced locally in the rat internal anal sphincter causing potent contraction. The aim of this first human study was to evaluate the safety and manometric effects of topical application of captopril (an ACE inhibitor) on the resting anal pressure in ...

PURPOSE: The traditional Brooke ileostomy removed the last 8-15 cm of the ileum due to concern of occurrence of terminal ileal Crohn's disease, vide infra the ileocolic sphincter was removed. Retaining all the terminal ileum has the potential of retaining the ileocolic sphincter. Our aim was to investigate whether a high-pressure ...

: Stimulation of the pudendal nerve or the anal sphincter could provide therapeutic options for fecal incontinence with little involvement of other organs. The goal of this project was to assess the effects of pudendal nerve and anal sphincter stimulation on bladder and anal pressures. : Ten virgin female Sprague ...

Anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) is a reproducible technique providing a novel physiological assessment of anal sphincter function. It may have advantages over conventional anal manometry. The aims of this study were to determine the ability of AAR and anal manometry to identify changes in anal sphincter function in patients with ...

Background  Ano-rectal disorders are common in the general population. Although they are not life threatening conditions, they do represent a social stigma and a reduced quality of life for the sufferer. The underlying physiology of muscle function contributing to ano-rectal competence is complex and there is room for a much ...

OBJECTIVE.: Fecal incontinence reduces the quality of life of many women but has no long-term cure. Research on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies has shown promising results. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate functional recovery after treatment with MSCs in two animal models of anal sphincter injury. ...

Objectives. We assessed the relative roles of education and genetic ancestry in predicting blood pressure (BP) within African Americans and explored the association between education and BP across racial groups. Methods. We used t tests and linear regressions to examine the associations of genetic ancestry, estimated from a genomewide set ...

The decrease in maternal blood pressure during early gestation is likely directed by signals from the conceptus but not the developing decidual tissue.

Raised intracranial pressure is a life threatening condition; unless recognized and treated early, it may progress into herniation syndrome and death. Symptoms and signs are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific, hence a high index of suspicion and vigilance are needed for early recognition. Immediate goal of management is to prevent ...

Colostomy is conventionally the only treatment for anal dysfunction. Recently, a few trials of anorectal transplantation in animals have been published; however, further development of this technique is required. Moreover, it is crucial to perform this research in dogs, which resemble humans in anorectal anatomy and biology. We designed a ...

Ocular hypertension is the greatest known risk factor for glaucoma that affects an estimated 70 million people worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the mainstay of therapy in the management of glaucoma. By means of microarray analysis, we have discovered that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) regulates genes that are known to ...

Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction studies of CaSnO(3) perovskite were performed under high-pressure conditions. This high-pressure study was motivated by a recent theoretical study predicting a phase transition in CaSnO(3) from GdFeO(3)-type perovskite to CaIrO(3)-type structure occurred at 12 GPa. Despite no obvious structure change up to a pressure of 26 ...

The initiation of ventilation in preterm, surfactant-deficient sheep without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) causes airway injury and lung inflammation. We hypothesized that PEEP and surfactant treatment would decrease the lung injury from initiation of ventilation with high tidal volumes. Fetal sheep at 128-day gestational age were randomized to ventilation with: ...

Although single layer techniques are preferred in man and small animals for small intestinal end-to-end anastomoses, double layer techniques are more popular in equine surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ex vivo characteristics of 2 single layer anastomoses in comparison to the traditionally performed double layer anastomosis in ...

Since the crystal-field strength at the Cr(3 + ) site is very close to the excited-state crossover (ESCO), this work investigates the optical properties of Cr(3 + )-doped Gd(3)Ga(5)O(12) (GGG) nanoparticles as a function of temperature and pressure in order to establish the effect of the ESCO on the optical ...

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the vasoconstrictor used in local anesthesia during dental extraction in controlled hypertensive patients. A prospective observational study was carried out in hypertensive patients (n=97) with a mean age of 60.45±9.60 years. The following parameters were monitored at three different timepoints (before the procedure, ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of oral appliance (OA) treatment for subjects with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to determine the dental parameters associated with treatment outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study uses a prospective longitudinal design. METHODS: Consecutive Chinese subjects with severe OSA ...

This study was conducted to assess prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in a sample of female dental patients. A total of 208 consecutive female patients aged ≥ 18 years provided information about sociodemographics, history of hypertension and other systemic diseases, antihypertension medication use and smoking history. Two blood pressure measurements ...

There is consensus on the importance of early detection and treatment of high blood pressure. Dental care is one of few medical services to which a considerable proportion of the general population comes for regular check-ups. We tested the effects of blood pressure screening in dental care centres with subsequent ...

Purpose. To report a case of pulmonary edema, in a child under general anesthesia, due to iatrogenic acute hypertensive crisis following instillation of 1 drop of 5% phenylephrine eyedrops. Methods. A 2-year-old boy was scheduled for examination of both eyes and enucleation of the left eye under general anesthesia. In ...

The underlying mechanism for the increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference resulting from almost all forms of general anesthesia is unknown. We hypothesized that inhalation anesthesia influences the intrapulmonary distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), leading to less advantageous V/Q matching. Ten healthy volunteers were studied in supine position on ...

The authors aimed to test the hypothesis that xenon anesthesia limits adverse hypotensive effects of losartan during acute hemorrhage. In six conscious unsedated Beagle dogs, the systemic and pulmonary circulation were monitored invasively, and two subsequent 60-min hypotensive challenges were performed by (a) induction (propofol) and maintenance of anesthesia with ...

Maternal hypotension is the most frequent complication in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. Malperfusion of the foetus and nausea and vomiting of the mother are hallmarks of maternal hypotension. In this retrospective data analysis and anesthesia protocols we have investigated to explore the effects of therapeutic interventions for hypotension with ...

The middle ear (ME) surface area/volume ratio (SA/V) is greater than that of the tympanum. The rate of ME pressure decrease is proportional to the ME SA/V. The mastoid air-cell system (MACS) will not function as an ME gas reserve unless the blood perfusion/surface area is much greater for the ...

Monitoring of anesthetic depth is important for successful general anesthesia. It is well known that entropy or BIS monitoring assisted titration of anesthetic drugs decreases their consumption. This study evaluated the effect of remifentanil on consumption of sevoflurane during entropy monitored general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. ...

The rate of uptake of volatile anesthetics is dependent on alveolar concentration and ventilation, blood solubility and cardiac output. We wanted to determine whether increased tidal volume (V(T)), with unchanged end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(ET)CO(2)), could affect the arterial concentration of sevoflurane. Prospective, randomized, clinical study. ASA physical status ...

To determine the conditions under which anesthetized pigs can be used in acute noninvasive investigations of ocular hydro- and hemodynamics, the intraocular pressure (IOP) of adult pigs was recorded under the following conditions: (1) after intravenous injection of propofol plus ketamine; (2) during inhalation of isoflurane, and (3) 2 h ...

The direct effects of ketamine-xylazine (KET-XYL) on vascular function have not been investigated in rabbits. The short-term cardiovascular effects of intravenous (IV) KET-XYL bolus injection, therefore, should be investigated using vascular ultrasonography.In this prospective experimental study, KET-XYL anesthesia was induced IV in 9 female New Zealand White rabbits before 3 ...

Digital perfusion pressure (DPP) equals mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the hoof coronet minus digital interstitial pressure (DIP) within the hoof. To test whether lamellar blood flow (LBF) changes proportionately to DPP, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in six horses to target a MAP of 60 mmHg. Arterial, ...

Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery may cause severe maternal hypotension and a decrease in cardiac output. Compared to assessment of cardiac output via a pulmonary artery catheter, the FloTrac/Vigileo system may offer a less invasive technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac output and other hemodynamic measurements ...

Original sevoflurane (Sevo A) is made with water, while a generic sevoflurane (Sevocris) is produced with propylene glycol as a stabilizing additive. We investigated whether the original and generic sevoflurane preparations differed in terms of their minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values and hemodynamic effects. Sixteen pigs weighing 31.6+/-1.8 kg were ...

Phenylephrine was administered to increase arterial blood pressure in 6 monkeys anesthetized with isoflurane during both normocapnia (arterial partial pressure of CO2 35 to 44 mm Hg) and hypocapnia (arterial partial pressure of CO2 23 to 29 mm Hg). The doses of phenylephrine required to increase mean blood pressure to ...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge on the effects of volatile anaesthetics on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in humans in vivo is limited. We tested the hypothesis that sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane do not impair LV diastolic function in young healthy humans. METHODS: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects (aged 18-48 yr) undergoing minor procedures ...

Maintenance of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics and quick recovery from anesthesia are required for craniotomy. We conducted a prospective randomized study to investigate the effects of continuous infusion of landiolol on hemodynamic responses to various stimuli, changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics during anesthesia, and recovery from anesthesia in patients ...

To compare the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) in anesthetized normotensive and hypotensive dogs. Prospective randomized study. Ten adult dogs. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol followed by isoflurane. During spontaneous ventilation, tidal volume (.VT), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial blood pressure, central ...

BACKGROUND: The pleth variability index (PVI) is a new algorithm used for automatic estimation of respiratory variations in pulse oximeter waveform amplitude, which might predict fluid responsiveness. Because anesthesia-induced hypotension may be partly related to patient volume status, we speculated that pre-anesthesia PVI would be able to identify high-risk patients ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of the change in colloid oncotic pressure (COP) associated with general anesthesia in dogs undergoing a variety of elective procedures. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 50 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES: For each dog, preanesthetic and postanesthetic PCV, plasma total solids (TS) concentration, and COP were determined. The ...

This study examines the effects of changing oxygen fractional inspiration ratio (FiO(2)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) for the improvement of cardiovascular control of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in C57BL/6 mice under isoflurane anesthesia (1.5%) for up to 90 minutes post-induction. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices ...

INTRODUCTION: Spinal anesthesia presents reversible interruption of nerve transmission within subarachniod space produced by injection of local anesthetic in cerebrospinal fluid. At the same time it comes to the blockade of particular functions of the nerve transmission. At the focus of this work is the blockade of sympathetic fibres which ...

Dr. Rudolph Matas, in addition to being one of the pioneering and most prestigious vascular surgeons of the 19th century, was an influential figure in the development of anesthesiology in the United States (US). His inquisitive nature and determination to understand medicine were tremendous influences in his development of innovative ...

OBJECTIVE-To determine the effects of IV administration of perzinfotel and a perzinfotel-fentanyl combination on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. ANIMALS-6 healthy sexually intact Beagles (3 males and 3 females). PROCEDURES-All dogs were instrumented with a telemetry device for continuous monitoring of heart rate, arterial blood pressure, ...

BACKGROUND: Hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery remains a major clinical problem. Fluid preloading regimens together with vasopressors have been used to reduce its incidence. Previous studies have used noninvasive arterial blood pressure measurement and vasopressor requirements to evaluate the effect of preload. We used a suprasternal Doppler flow ...

BACKGROUND: The use of local anesthetic test doses is standard practice when performing regional anesthesia. When an intravascular test dose is administered during inhaled anesthesia, the heart rate does not increase in about 25% of children; altered T-wave amplitude is a better indicator. No studies have examined the criteria for ...

Objective-To determine the quality and speed of recovery from anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane and determine end-tidal inhalant concentration at certain events during recovery in healthy dogs. Animals-11 healthy dogs. Procedures-Anesthesia was induced with propofol (IV), and dogs were assigned by use of a crossover design to receive isoflurane ...

BACKGROUND: The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) play a central role in preventing regurgitation and aspiration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the UES, LES and barrier pressures (BP) in obese patients before and during anesthesia in different body positions. METHODS: Using ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of IV administration of crystalloid (lactated Ringer's solution [LRS]) or colloid (hetastarch) fluid on isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES: On 3 occasions, each dog was anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane and instrumented with a thermodilution catheter (pulmonary artery). Following baseline assessments ...

Objective-To determine the effect of IV administration of crystalloid (lactated Ringer's solution [LRS]) or colloid (hetastarch) fluid on isoflurane-induced hypotension in dogs. Animals-6 healthy Beagles. Procedures-On 3 occasions, each dog was anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane and instrumented with a thermodilution catheter (pulmonary artery). Following baseline assessments of hemodynamic variables, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality and speed of recovery from anesthesia with isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane and determine end-tidal inhalant concentration at certain events during recovery in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 11 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Anesthesia was induced with propofol (IV), and dogs were assigned by use of a crossover design ...