Continuous drainage of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed for the preoperative management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 50 consecutive cases of surgically treated aneurysmal SAH. Patients were divided into a lumbar drainage group, in whom continuous lumbar CSF drainage was established for preoperative management, and a ...

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EME) remains an important neurological disease and is widely distributed in Thailand. We analyzed the cytological specimens of 56 EME cases. Pertinent clinical data were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)analysis. Headache was the commonest symptom seen in all EME cases. History of raw or ...

The pathophysiology of lumbar puncture headache (LPH) is still unclear. There is evidence that leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leads to CSF hypotension, which causes dilation of intracranial veins, resulting in LPH. However, CSF leaks at the skull base are not associated with orthostatic headache; there is poor correlation between ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abnormal ECG changes are frequently observed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, evidence has been obtained that right insular cortex mediates sympathetic cardiovascular effects. We therefore assessed the laterality and location of SAH dominance in inducing cardiovascular changes as measured by ECG, blood pressure, and heart ...

We describe the very rare event of delayed transient paraplegia after repair of type A dissection of the aorta and discuss therapeutic options. We also suggest insertion of a spinal catheter as soon as there are signs or symptoms of spinal cord injury to drain spinal fluid and maximize the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Little information exists on cerebrospinal fluid pressures in non-labouring pregnant women. The technique of spinal anaesthesia means that inadequate levels of sensory blockade are difficult to manage. If the block is found to be inadequate after surgery has commenced, then conversion to general anaesthesia may be the ...

Deformation of the extradural space and the possibility of impression upon the dural sac during atlanto-axial rotation are investigated. Atlanto-axial rotation leads to a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the bony spinal canal of approximately 40%. Atlanto-axial rotation was recorded by endocanalar views from a video camera fixed inside ...

Adult-onset hydrocephalus can be acquired from other pathologies, congenital with a late onset, or idiopathic. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, tumors, and aqueductal stenosis are the most frequent causes, and clinical presentation may be acute or chronic. The pathophysiology of the more chronic form involves hypoxia and blood vessel changes. The ...

BACKGROUND: Hearing loss after intracranial and spinal procedures involving cerebrospinal fluid loss is rarely reported in the literature. We report a patient who suffered from delayed hearing loss after cerebrospinal fluid shunting that improved after revising the shunt to a higher-pressure valve. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 32-year-old woman presented with bilateral ...

In this study, we quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport from the cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces separately in sheep and determined the relative proportion of total CSF drainage that occurred from both CSF compartments. Cranial and spinal CSF systems were separated by placement of an extradural ligature over the spinal ...

OBJECTIVE: To observe pressure changes in the spinal canal of the vertebrarium subjected to impact. From the point of view of impact, pressure changes and spinal cord injuries, the relationship between the type of spinal fracture and the severity of spinal cord injuries were analyzed and some experimental data were ...

A retrograde ventriculosinus (RVS) shunt is a watertight connection that delivers excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) against the direction of blood flow. This method of CSF shunting utilizes the impact pressure (IP) of the bloodstream in the SSS to maintain the intraventricular pressure (IVP) more ...

Five patients with hydrocephalus who failed to respond to apparently adequate CSF drainage via a functioning shunt (four cases) or external ventricular drain (one case) are described. In three of the four shunted cases, the shunt was ventriculoperitoneal with a medium pressure valve, and in one a combination of peritoneal ...

The authors report an unusual case of a patient with low-pressure hydrocephalus and a ventriculopleural shunt, in whom routine respiratory management performed using positive-pressure ventilation caused shunt obstruction and coma. While the patient received positive-pressure ventilation with external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage at subatmospheric pressure, the ventricles returned to normal ...

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury is a most dreaded and unpredictable complication. In this study, based on our experimental results in dogs and early clinical results, we reviewed the incidence of paraplegia and the detection of spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-two patients who underwent elective surgical repair of the descending thoracic ...

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of a strong, pressure-tight method for fibrin sealant application was experimentally and clinically evaluated, using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) surgical membranes. METHODS: Two application methods were examined in two groups. For Group 1, 1 ml each of Solutions A and B was simply sprayed over the surface (spray ...

A 39-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of headache and nasal discharge on the left for 3 months which was later on proved to be cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neurological examination found no abnormalities except bilateral papilledema. Neuroimaging demonstrated enlargement of the lamina cribrosa foramina through which the olfactory nerves pass, ...

The secretion and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid have been studied in anaesthetized cats by means of a plastic cannula introduced into the aqueduct of Sylvius and by inspection of free escape of cerebrospinal fluid out of the end of the cannula. The fact that during the 120-minute period of observation ...

OBJECT: Few studies have been performed to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamic profile in patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome (IAHS) before and after shunt implantation. The authors compared the in vivo CSF hydrodynamic properties, including the degree of gravity-induced CSF flow, of a shunt with an antisiphon device ...

Tracer studies indicate that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport can occur through the cribriform plate into the nasal submucosa, where it is absorbed by cervical lymphatics. We tested the hypothesis that sealing the cribriform plate extracranially would impair the ability of the CSF pressure-regulating systems to compensate for volume infusions. Sheep ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of low proximal aortic pressure on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation in an experimental thoracic occlusion model. METHODS: In nine pigs, continuous intrathecal pO(2), pCO(2) and pH monitoring was used during double descending thoracic aortic clamping following insertion of an aorto-aortic shunt. In five pigs, the ...

OBJECT: The pathophysiology of shunt malfunction has not been fully examined, probably because of the paucity of appropriate animal models. Using a canine model of chronic obstructive hydrocephalus, the effects of shunt placement and removal on physiological parameters were evaluated. METHODS: Fifteen dogs, nine in which chronic hydrocephalus was induced ...

The authors describe the case of a 24-year-old man who underwent an L-1 corpectomy for spinal decompression and stabilization following an injury that caused an L-1 burst fracture. Postoperatively, an accumulation of spinal fluid developed in the pleural space, which was refractory to 1 week of thoracostomy tube drainage and ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 100% oxygen ventilation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oxygenation in 11 pigs during thoracic aortic cross-clamping. DESIGN: An aorto-aortic shunt was used for control of central hemodynamics and study of hypoperfusion by exsanguination. CSF PO2, PCO2 and pH were continuously monitored before and during clamping. ...

BACKGROUND: No safe technique of subarachnoid perfusion during thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery has been described. We tested the hypothesis that in cold cadavers, perfusion of the subarachnoid space at the lumbar level with warm solution is feasible and increases the temperature at the thoracic level without an increase in cerebrospinal fluid ...

OBJECTIVES: Comparative gait analyses in neurological diseases interfering with locomotion are of particular interest, as many hypokinetic gait disorders have the same main features. The aim of the present study was (1) to compare the gait disturbance in normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease; (2) to evaluate which variables of ...

Numerous cases of orthodeoxia and platypnea have been reported. Some have been found to be due to intracardiac shunts despite normal intracardiac pressures. In the case presented, a 79-year-old woman was noted to have orthodeoxia and platypnea secondary to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) despite normal intracardiac pressures. She recovered ...

Extracranial cerebrospinal fluid shunting is the current mainstay of therapy for hydrocephalus. The generally preferred extracranial site for cerebrospinal fluid absorption is the peritoneal space; however, the cardiac atrium and the pleura are also commonly used. On occasion other CSF recipient sites, such as the gallbladder, are used secondarily when ...

We studied 51 patients with clinical symptoms and CT findings suggesting normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Tests included head MRI, auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), thorough neuropsychological testing and intraventricular intracranial 24 h pressure recording and infusion testing. A brain biopsy was also obtained to verify a concomitant dementing process (Alzheimer's disease; ...

The interpretation of data on compounds in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is limited by several confounding factors, e.g. motor activity for which strict bed rest prior to lumbar puncture is recommended for standardisation. Now we report data from 14 healthy males employing the standardised procedure except for the requirement ...

This study is a retrospective analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) data from 56 children with active hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt malfunction. The pressures were measured from a separately sited CSF access device placed in the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. Of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of lower-extremity positioning on cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (CSFp). The authors believed that during lumbar puncture (LP), CSFp does not meaningfully decrease when the lower extremities are extended from flexion, as is often suggested. METHODS: In a convenience sample of adult patients who clinically required ...

OBJECTIVE: Spinal arachnoid scarring may be caused by trauma, inflammation, surgery, spinal instability, degenerative diseases, or malformations and may lead to progressive neurological deficits and syringomyelia. We wanted to investigate the effects of focal arachnoid scarring in the cervical spinal canal of cats on pressures in the subarachnoid space and ...

Dementia in patients undergoing long-term dialysis has not been clearly defined; however, four different entities have been described. Uraemic encephalopathy is a complication of uraemia and responds well to dialysis. Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome, the result of acute intoxication of aluminium caused by the use of an aluminium-containing dialysate, was a ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of monoamine compounds are influenced by factors such as age, gender, height, body weight, tapping time, and atmospheric pressure. We have now examined the role of intraspinal pressure. Thirteen male volunteers underwent lumbar puncture in the right decubitus position without preceding strict bed rest. The intraspinal ...

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the pressure exerted by the Rhys-Davies exsanguinator on the palm and dorsum of the hand. We hypothesised that, due to the shape of the hand, the palm is shielded from the full effect of the exsanguinator, but our study showed that ...

Various methods of laboratory testing are currently being used to explore the hydrodynamic properties of shunts. We constructed a novel shunt-testing rig with a human-like compliance to be able to subject shunts to in-vivo recorded ICP patterns. The human-like situation was realized with a pear-shaped glass container with a non-linear, ...

BACKGROUND: Connections between mood changes and weather have been described throughout the ages, and in more recent years, there have been reports on a relationship between atmospheric pressure and neurotransmitter levels in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: To further investigate this issue under strictly standardized conditions, we have lumbar-punctured 8 healthy males ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is considered to be a combination of altered CSF resorption and a reversible form of cerebral ischemia. The hypothesis tested in this study was that a reduction in venous compliance in the territory drained by the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is associated with ...

We evaluated the hypothesis that ventricular and cortical CSF volume increases are associated with reductions in the magnitude of euphoric effects produced by intravenous IV cocaine infusion in cocaine dependent (CD) individuals. Eleven CD patients participating in a cocaine-infusion study and eleven control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two ...

This study was designed to compare the role of the newly described endogenous opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) in the reductions of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and pial artery diameter observed following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in chloralose anesthetized newborn and juvenile pigs as a function of time postinsult. FPI ...

The purpose of this theoretical study is to determine whether the absence of ventricular enlargement in pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is consistent with the theory that PTC is caused by reduced absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), either from increased outflow resistance at the arachnoid villi or from obstruction of the dural ...

A subset of hydrocephalic patients with indwelling shunts become symptomatic when they are upright and active. Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements in these patients have shown a significant drop in pressure when the patient is upright with return to normal levels when the patient is supine. In 20 chronically shunted hydrocephalic ...

The effects of needle bevel orientation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on dural displacement and force required to penetrate cadaveric dura were studied using 40 samples. A constant hydrostatic pressure was applied to the subdural surface, either high or low, simulating the sitting and lateral positions. A 17-gauge Tuohy needle ...

BACKGROUND: Regional spinal cord cooling can increase the tolerable duration for spinal cord ischemia resulting from aortic clamping. We compared the efficacy of epidural and subdural cooling and the effect of the resulting cerebrospinal fluid-pressure (CSF) increases on spinal cord motor neuron function. METHODS: In 8 pigs, CSF temperature and ...

Our purpose was to quantify the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume components using an original MRI-based segmentation technique and to investigate whether a CSF volume index is useful for diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). We studied 59 subjects: 16 patients with NPH, 14 young and 13 elderly normal volunteers, ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired spinal cord circulation during thoracic aortic clamping may result in paraplegia. Reliable and fast responding methods for intraoperative monitoring are needed to facilitate the evaluation of protective measures and efficiency of revascularization. METHODS: In 11 pigs, a multiparameter PO2, PCO2, and pH sensor (Paratrend 7, Biomedical Sensors Ltd, ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations result from change of blood volume in the closed craniospinal cavity. We used cine phase contrast MR analysis to determine whether spinal CSF pulsations result from spinal vascular pulsations or intracranial subarachnoid pulsations, whether intracranial CSF pulsations result from intracranial large arteries pulsations or cerebrovascular bed ...

A biological marker for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is beneficial for evaluation of its severity and of indications for shunt operation. Tau protein was initially considered as a biological marker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Alzheimer's patients. Recently, it has been demonstrated that degeneration in the brain causes elevation of ...

Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in 218 consecutive children with hydrocephalus secondary to tuberculous meningitis (TBM). All children underwent cranial computerized tomographic (CT) scanning and continuous lumbar cerebrospinal (CSF) pressure monitoring on admission. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus (37 children), as determined by air encephalography, was treated by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting and communicating ...