OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to to determine possible daytime (awake hours) and nighttime (sleeping hours) LOAD limits for ambulatory pulse pressure (PP) and double product (DP) in hypertensive (HT) subjects and secondly to assess whether there were significant differences in the LOAD values between hypertensive (HT) and ...

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory blood pressure is a better predictor of target organ damage and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events than office measurements. Whether this is due to the greater reliability owing to the larger number of measurements that are usually taken using ambulatory monitoring, or the greater validity of these ...

The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is associated with action monitoring and error detection. The present study addressed the question whether or not an ERN occurs after verbal error detection, e.g., during phoneme monitoring. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors which ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare a recently developed and improved noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system with the conventional invasive monitoring by pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) in acute emergency trauma patients. METHODS: In a large, university-run, inner city public hospital, we monitored 993 trauma patients noninvasively; 262 of ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease frequently present with orthostatic hypotension, prompting testing with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The aim of our study was to identify characteristic patterns of blood pressure changes present on ABPM in a series of patients with Parkinson's disease. METHOD: We retrospectively identified 13 patients ...

BACKGROUND: We compared the sensitivity of office blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recordings in evaluating the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment and identified factors related to inadequate blood pressure control among hypertensive stroke survivors. METHODS: Office blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measurements were performed at 120+/-30 days ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the economic consequences resulting from introduction of home blood pressure measurement in diagnosis of hypertension instead of casual clinic blood pressure measurement. METHODS: We constructed a decision tree model using data from the Ohasama study and a Japanese national database. The Ohasama study provided the prognostic value ...

Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) is a useful and important way of guiding clinical decisions in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. There has been little research on how ABPM is actually used in the community where hypertension is mainly diagnosed and managed. We aimed to review the use of ...

Blood pressure measurement is the basis for the diagnosis, management, treatment, epidemiology and research of hypertension and the decisions affecting these aspects of hypertension will be influenced by the accuracy of measurement. Although blood pressure measurement is one of the most common clinical techniques, there are some factors affecting it, ...

Metabolic syndrome (MS) and non-dipping hypertension both increase cardiovascular mortality. Although both clinical modalities share common pathophysiologic factors in their etiologies, previous studies did not find any association between them. We aimed to investigate the association between MS and non-dipping blood pressure by comparing different definitions of MS. One-hundred-thirty-two consecutive ...

Twenty four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-H ABPM) plays an important part in the management of subjects with suspected and confirmed disorders of blood pressure regulation. This article reviews the prognostic significance of various aspects of the 24-H ABPM and describes the authors experience in Chesterfield. Over the course ...

To test the non-inferiority of a single dose of tadalafil 20 mg compared with placebo with respect to 26-h mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure in treated and untreated hypertensive subjects. A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 114 subjects with hypertension (36 subjects on no therapy with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine how many self-measurements of blood pressure (BP) should be taken at home in order to obtain a reliable estimate of a patient's BP. DESIGN: Participants performed self blood pressure measurement (SBPM) for 7 days (triplicate morning and evening readings). In all of them, office blood pressure (three ...

OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess whether home blood pressure measurement is a reliable alternative to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for the evaluation of treated patients with inadequate blood pressure control at the clinic; and (2) to evaluate the relationship between home blood pressure and several target-organ damage markers. BASIC METHODS: A ...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, the risk factors, the hemodynamic triggering mechanisms, the circadian variability of ST segment depression (ST depression) and the effect of day and night fall in blood pressure on the prevalence of ST depression in hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND ...

Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with primary hypertension. Asymptomatic organ damage is known to precede cardiovascular events. We investigated the relationship between a recently proposed index of stiffness derived from ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and target organ damage in 188 untreated patients with ...

Diagnosis of hypertension is critically dependent on accurate blood pressure measurement. "Accurate" refers to carefully following the guidelines for blood pressure measurement laid out for children and adults to minimize observer and subject errors that commonly occur in clinical blood pressure measurement. Accurate blood pressure measurement is more important in ...

We studied whether ambulatory blood pressure monitoring added to office blood pressure in predicting progression of urine albumin excretion over 2 years of follow-up in a multiethnic cohort of older people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Participants in the Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine study underwent a baseline evaluation that ...

The aim of monitoring patients is to detect organ dysfunction and guide the restoration and maintenance of tissue oxygen delivery. Monitoring is a crucial part of the care of the critically ill patient in the emergency department as the physiological response to critical illness is linked strongly to outcome. As ...

OBJECTIVES: Hypertension in children may be defined by blood pressure elevated above the 95th percentile according to sex and age. Population data for ambulatory blood pressure provide different age-related and sex-related threshold limits to office-derived data. We sought to determine whether, when using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a clinical ...

OBJECTIVE: As hypertension is an important risk factor for renal allograft failure, we aimed to assess blood pressure control in renal transplant patients with deteriorating graft function using different methods of blood pressure measurements. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with a graft survival of >1 year, and with more than a two-fold ...

BACKGROUND: Individuals showing less than a 10% decline in blood pressure at night ("nondippers") are known to be at increased risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. PURPOSE: This research tested the assertion by Räikkönen et al. (1) that nondippers show blunted cardiovascular responses to activities during daytime hours. METHODS: ...

The effect of ambient relative humidity (RH) on hourly particulate matter (PM10) readings of beta-gauge monitors has been studied using two collocated monitors in the field. The inlet air of monitor 1 was conditioned with water vapor to increase its RH, whereas monitor 2 operated normally in ambient conditions. Experimental ...

Current indices used in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment duration and homogeneity such as the trough-peak, smoothness index, and normalized smoothness index were designed to be applied to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recordings from individual participants. Evaluation of antihypertensive treatment in populations is often carried out by calculating these individual ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic value of daytime ambulatory blood pressure compared with routine clinic blood pressure in determining mortality. METHODS: Prospective multicentre study in 48 general practices in Oxfordshire, a hypertension clinic in Oxford and a hypertension clinic in London. RESULTS: A cohort of 10 129 patients from Oxford ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hypertension is an important risk factor for adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. This review compares blood pressure measurements obtained in the clinic with those obtained outside the clinic to predict cardiovascular and renal injury and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: When home ...

We examined how different methods and definitions of blood pressure affect the achievement of targets in general practice. There was a wide range in the proportion of treated patients achieving the different target levels recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, British Hypertension Society and the general ...

The assessment of circadian blood pressure change by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has potential as a predictor for cardiovascular events, but its evaluation is problematic due to the difficulty in defining day and night periods for individual subjects. The cumulative sums (cusums) method has the advantage of simplicity over mathematical ...

Blood pressure strongly predicts microalbuminuria and later progression to renal failure in people with diabetes. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring seems to be superior to office blood pressure in predicting progression to microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. The associations of ambulatory blood pressure with office blood pressure and microalbuminuria in type ...

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that one minus the slope of diastolic on systolic blood pressure in individual 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recordings (ambulatory arterial stiffness index) might reflect arterial stiffness and predict cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: In volunteers and a population recruited in China, we studied concordance between ambulatory arterial stiffness index ...

OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and may even predict its development at an early stage. Increased pulse pressure is seen as a marker of increased arterial stiffness and can be readily measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. We propose another surrogate measure of ...

We propose a new vector index for the statistical assessment of antihypertensive treatment duration and homogeneity from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. We termed this approach for evaluating and comparing blood pressure coverage offered by antihypertensive drugs over 24 h as the reduction-duration-homogeneity index. The reduction-duration-homogeneity index is a three-component vector ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic performance of home blood pressure self-monitoring in white-coat hypertension using a 3-day reading program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety nontreated patients recently diagnosed with mild-moderate hypertension, selected consecutively at four primary healthcare centers in the city of Barcelona, were included. Each patient underwent ...

OBJECTIVES: Accurate blood pressure measurement is critical to successful clinical trials. Concerns about observer errors have led to the use of automated oscillometric devices without evidence that their performance is similar to that of trained observers. This study compares blood pressures obtained by trained observers and with an oscillometric device ...

Echocardiography has been evolving to play a pivotal role in hemodynamic management, both intraoperatively and at the bedside. A full assessment of hemodynamics necessitates the use of all of the options available on modern echocardiographs. This introductory review provides insight into three important issues of hemodynamic monitoring by echocardiography: evaluation ...

Systemic arterial hypotension, hypertension and altered ocular blood flow are known risk factors in glaucoma. In this study, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and controls to evaluate blood pressure variability. In all, 51 patients with NTG and 28 age-matched controls were ...

Pulse arrival time (PAT) was measured non-intrusively to estimate each individual's blood pressure. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured with copper-coated electrodes and photoplethysmogram (PPG) was measured using a specially designed toilet seat apparatus. Non-intrusively measured PATs were compared with PATs measured by the standard method, and the results showed a good ...

BACKGROUND: A limitation of blood pressure measurements made in the physician's office is the transient elevation in pressure seen in many patients that does not appear to be linked to target organ damage or prognosis. This has been labeled the 'white-coat effect' (WCE), computed as the difference between blood pressure ...

INTRODUCTION: Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring is a common practice in intensive care units (ICUs). Accuracy of invasive blood pressure monitoring is crucial in evaluating the cardiocirculatory system and adjusting drug therapy for hemodynamic support. However, the best site for catheter insertion is controversial. Lack of definitive information in critically ...

An algorithm for the burst detection and location in water distribution networks based on the continuous monitoring of the flow rate at the entry point of the network and the pressure at a number of points within the network is presented. The approach is designed for medium to large bursts ...

BACKGROUND: The presence of circadian variations in sympathetic outflow from the stellate ganglia is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to continuously record stellate ganglion nerve activity (SGNA) in ambulatory dogs. METHODS: We performed continuous 24-hour left (N = 3) or bilateral (N = 3) SGNA recordings in ...

BACKGROUND: Poor compliance with antihypertensive medication is assumed to be an important reason for unsatisfactory control of blood pressure. Poor compliance is difficult to detect. Each method of measuring compliance has its own strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the present study was to compare patient compliance with antihypertensive drugs ...

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is perhaps the most clinically significant index of global ventricular function. EF is measured in clinical practice via imaging methods such as echocardiography. However, these methods generally require a well-trained operator and expensive capital equipment. Thus, EF measurements are only obtained in the clinical setting ...

This study hypothesized that physiologically grounded patterns of hemodynamic profile and compensation deficit would be superior to traditional blood pressure reactivity in the prediction of daily-life blood pressure. Impedance cardiography-derived measures and beat-to-beat blood pressure were monitored continuously in 45 subjects during baseline and four tasks. Ambulatory blood pressure measures ...

To study the cost of the follow-up of hypertension in primary care (PC) using clinical blood pressure (CBP) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and to analyse the cost-effectiveness (CE) of both methods. MAJOR FINDINGS AND PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: Good control of hypertension was achieved in 8.3% with CBP (95% CI ...

Accurate diagnosis of hypertension and prognosis for future cardiovascular events can be enhanced through the use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. It has been suggested that the use of ambulatory monitoring as a secondary screening for hypertension might be cost-effective. Many needed studies that are related to the calculation ...

An increased 24-h blood pressure variability, expressed as SD of 24-h average ambulatory blood pressure values, is associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular risk in hypertension, while a physiological nocturnal blood pressure fall has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. Nocturnal blood pressure fall, however, may contribute markedly to ...

Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between physical activity or fitness and blood pressure. In a meta-analysis of 44 randomized controlled intervention trials, the weighted net change in conventional systolic/diastolic blood pressure in response to dynamic aerobic training averaged -3.4/-2.4 mmHg (P < 0.001). The effect on blood pressure was ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Use of home blood-pressure monitoring is increasing but the technique and the equipment have limitations. We provide an overview of recent evidence in this rapidly evolving field. RECENT FINDINGS: Home blood-pressure monitoring is an acceptable method for screening patients for hypertension. There is increasing evidence supporting the ...

Millions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are treated with stimulant medications. To evaluate cardiovascular risk, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed on and off medication. Thirteen subjects underwent APBM both on stimulant therapy and placebo using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. After a 3-day ...