The association between hypertensive encephalopathy and cortical blindness in children with acute glomerulonephritis is extremely rare. We report the case of a 9-year old girl who presented with headache, seizures, altered sensorium, hematuria, and transient cortical blindness as a complication of hypertensive encephalopathy which showed complete reversal following normalization of ...

BACKGROUND: Prior estimates of lifetime risk (LTR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) examined the impact of blood pressure at the index age and did not account for changes in blood pressure over time. We examined how changes in blood pressure during middle-age affect LTR for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and ...

The association between fructose and increased blood pressure is still incompletely defined, because experimental studies have produced dissimilar conclusions. Amplified vasopressor responses to minimal stimuli and differing responses to fructose in peripheral versus central sites may explain the controversy. Fructose induces systemic hypertension through several mechanisms mainly associated with deleterious ...

The assessment of salt sensitivity of blood pressure is difficult because of the lack of universal consensus on definition. Regardless of the variability in the definition of salt sensitivity, increased salt intake, independent of the actual level of blood pressure, is also a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality ...

Introduction: Metabolic, biochemical and enzymatic alterations are common in patients with cancer. Medicinal fungi has been used as adjuvants in cancer therapy due to its immunomodulatory and nutritional effects. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and blood pressure effects on patients with colorectal cancer after ...

Hypertension-induced renal injury is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis and proteinuria. Previous studies have demonstrated that N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (Ac-SDKP) inhibits renal damage following diabetes mellitus and antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis. However, its effects on low-renin hypertensive nephropathy are not known. Thus, we hypothesized that Ac-SDKP has renal protective effects on deoxycorticosterone acetate ...

The sodium pump, an ancestral enzyme with conserved ability to bind ouabain, plays a key role in salt conservation and is regulated by aldosterone and endogenous ouabain (EO). Plasma EO is elevated in about 45% of patients with essential hypertension and correlates with blood pressure. The relationship of EO with ...

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, disease in which reactive oxygen species levels and markers of oxidative stress are increased. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme the activity of which may increase during hypertension. Studies on XO inhibition effects on blood ...

Dietary salt intake is associated with high brachial blood pressure (BP) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether changes in dietary salt intake are associated with changes in central BP and wave reflection in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy normotensive male volunteers (22-40 yr) participated in a 6-wk double-blind ...

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that prenatal growth influences adult blood pressure. Nutritional factors, including salt intake, also influence blood pressure. However, it is unknown whether prenatal growth modifies the association between salt intake and blood pressure in later life. Our aim was to examine whether the relation between salt intake and ...

Excessive salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension. However, the underlying molecular relationship between salt and hypertension is not fully understood. Recently discovered cardiotonic steroids, such as endogenous ouabain and other steroids, have been proposed as candidate intermediaries. Plasma cardiotonic steroids are significantly elevated in patients with essential ...

This population-based epidemiological study was aimed to evaluate the daily salt intake and its relation to blood pressure in a representative group of Turkish population. The enrolled normotensive and hypertensive individuals (n = 1970) completed a questionnaire including demographics, dietary habits, hypertension awareness and drug usage. Blood pressure was measured ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to various models of hypertension, including deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertension. Recently, we have shown that ROS, generated by cytochrome P-450 1B1 (CYP1B1) from arachidonic acid, mediate vascular smooth muscle cell growth caused by angiotensin II. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of CYP1B1 ...

In this study, we investigated the effect of pressure on the formation and decomplexation of [2]pseudorotaxanes. High pressure accelerated the formation of [2]pseudorotaxanes in an aprotic nonpolar solvent (CDCl(3)/CD(3)CN) via the slipping approach when using two crown ether/secondary ammonium salt systems: dibenzo[24]crown-8/bis(cyclohexylmethyl)ammonium salt (1a/2a) and tetrabenzo[24]crown-8/dibenzylammonium salt (1b/2b). The influence ...

Primary (essential) hypertension has been shown to be mediated by a relative impairment in sodium excretion by the kidney, but the mechanisms responsible for this defect are still being clarified. Increasing evidence suggests a role for subtle acquired renal injury in mediating this process. Microvascular injury is present in the ...

Auscultatory mercury sphygmomanometers to measure blood pressure (BP) have been banned from health services because of risk of pollution and environmental accidents with mercury. Aneroid appliances could be an alternative. To validate the Missouri aneroid device for blood pressure measurement in cancer patients according to the protocol of the European ...

This study was designed to test whether altered aldosterone-related sodium handling leads to salt-sensitive blood pressure in diabetes and thus may exaggerate end-organ damage. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes, and Zucker lean (ZL) rats, as euglycemic controls, were divided into groups receiving normal (0.28%) ...

Mechanisms promoting the transition from hypertensive heart disease to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are poorly understood. When inappropriate for salt status, mineralocorticoid (deoxycorticosterone acetate) excess causes hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Because cardiac mineralocorticoid receptors are protected from mineralocorticoid binding by the absence of 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, salt-mineralocorticoid-induced ...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long-term compliance with salt restriction and blood pressure (BP) control status in Japanese hypertensive outpatients. Subjects included 103 patients, 59 women and 44 men, mean age 67 +/- 9 years, who underwent successful 24-h home urine collection more than 10 ...

It is well known that the sour milk containing lactotripeptides has a blood pressure lowering effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) lowering effect of lactotripeptides by monitoring home blood pressure, 24-h ambulatory measurements (ABPM), and daily urinary salt excretion. A total of 30 ...

Restricting the dietary intake of sodium chloride is associated with a reduction of the arterial blood pressure by approximately 4/2 mm Hg in hypertensive patients and by approximately 1/0.6 mm Hg in normotensive persons. As the cardiovascular risk is known to rise steadily with systolic blood pressure values starting from ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Internal environment regulation, particularly volume and osmoregulation, has been a fundamental concept important to physiologists and clinicians for almost two centuries. Na balance, intracellular K homeostasis, the crucial role of the Na,K-ATPase pump, osmotic forces, and the overriding effect of the kidney on maintaining homeostasis are notions ...

Microvascular rarefaction occurs in hypertension. We carried out a 12-week randomized double-blind crossover trial to determine the effect of a modest reduction in salt intake on capillary rarefaction in 71 whites, 69 blacks, and 29 Asians with untreated mildly raised blood pressure. Both basal and maximal (during venous congestion) skin ...

Current salt intake is too high. Current evidence documents that salt is crucial to the genesis of hypertension.

The mRen(2).Lewis (mRen2) strain is an ANG II-dependent model of hypertension expressing marked sex differences in blood pressure and tissue injury that also exhibits estrogen and salt sensitivity. Because estrogen and salt influence angiotensinogen (AGT), circulating and renal expression of the protein were assessed in the mRen2 using a sensitive ...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which a derangement of glucose metabolism causes high blood pressure are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to clarify the relation between salt sensitivity of blood pressure and insulin resistance, which are important subcharacteristics of hypertension and impaired glucose metabolism, respectively. Effects on the renin-angiotensin ...

Several mechanisms have been proposed for salt-sensitive hypertension, with most focusing on impaired renal sodium handling. We tested the hypothesis that abnormalities in peripheral vascular responsiveness to angiotensin-II (ANGII) might also exist in salt-sensitive hypertension because of the interplay of the renin-angiotensin system and dietary sodium. Blood pressure (BP) response ...

In healthy subjects, blood pressure (BP) drops by 10-20% during the night. Conversely, in patients with the salt-sensitive type of hypertension or chronic kidney disease, nighttime BP does not fall, resulting in an atypical pattern of circadian BP rhythm that does not dip. This pattern is referred to as the ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We assessed the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) supplementation on the blood pressure response to treatment with telmisartan with or without hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and habitually high (HDS, sodium excretion >200 mmol/24 h on two out of three consecutive occasions) or low (LDS, sodium ...

Endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTS), also called digitalis like factors, have been postulated to play important roles in pathogenesis of hypertension for nearly half of a century. For the past 50 years biomedical scientists have been in quest of an unidentified factor or hormone that both increases blood pressure and renal ...

Low birth weight humans often exhibit hypertension during adulthood. Studying the offspring of rat dams fed a maternal low-protein diet is one model frequently used to study the mechanisms of low birth weight-related hypertension. It remains unclear whether this model replicates key clinical findings of hypertension and increased blood pressure ...

Because defects in renal autoregulation may contribute to renal barotrauma in chronic kidney disease, we tested the hypothesis that the myogenic response is diminished by reduced renal mass. Kidneys from 5/6 nephrectomized mice had only a minor increase in the glomerular sclerosis index. The telemetric mean arterial pressure (108+/-10 mm ...

Raised blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease, responsible for 62% of stroke and 49% of coronary heart disease. There is overwhelming evidence that dietary salt is the major cause of raised blood pressure and that a reduction in salt intake lowers blood pressure, thereby, reducing blood pressure-related ...

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) silence genes by deacetylating lysine residues in histones and other proteins. HDAC inhibitors represent a new class of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigated whether treatment with a broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), would prevent cardiac fibrosis, part of the cardiovascular remodelling in ...

Complex interactions between genes and environment result in a sodium-induced elevation in blood pressure (salt sensitivity) and/or hypertension that lead to significant morbidity and mortality affecting up to 25% of the middle-aged adult population worldwide. Determining the etiology of genetic and/or environmentally-induced high blood pressure has been difficult because of ...

While Cry proteins are necessary for circadian rhythmicity, they now appear to play a seminal role in blood pressure regulation. In a recent issue of Nature Medicine, Doi et al., 2009 show how the circadian clock may use Cry proteins to protect from salt-sensitive hypertension.

Arterial hypertension is one of the most important health problems in industrialized cities. Blood pressure levels are influenced by renal salt handling and salt reabsorption in the kidney. In this Closeup, Casta?eda-Bueno and Gamba discuss the work from Alessi and coworkers on the in vivo roles of the SPAK kinase ...

This study examined the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in mediating cardiovascular and renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) given salt excess. Since the circulating RAAS is inhibited in this model, it permits examination of the role of local tissue RAASs in mediating this injury. To this end, ...

The effect of spatially inhomogeneous fixed charge distributions on the pressure-driven transport of ions through cylindrical nanopores have been investigated theoretically by means of an approximate version of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model that can be used with confidence for moderately charged nanopores with radius smaller than the Debye screening length of ...

It is well known that high salt intake induces hypertension and cardiovascular damage, while dietary potassium supplementation counteracts these harmful effects. Actually, the protective effect of potassium is strengthened with excess salt as compared with salt depletion. Although the precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, in our previous reports, ...

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is expressed in various tissues including the heart. Since the mRen2.Lewis strain exhibits salt-dependent hypertension and early diastolic dysfunction, we assessed the effects of the GPER agonist (G-1, 40 nmol/kg/hr for 14 days) or vehicle (VEH, DMSO/EtOH) on cardiac function and structure. Intact female ...

There is substantial evidence that omega-3 fatty acids reduce blood pressure, with a greater effect in hypertensive patients and those with high-normal blood pressure. The dose of omega-3 fatty acids required to achieve a blood pressure reduction is likely to be at least 3-4 g/day. However, the magnitude of the ...

Most chronic dialysis patients are volume overloaded. This has two consequences. The first is hypertension. Even though the pathophysiologic mechanism causing this blood pressure (BP) elevation is well known, many patients are treated with antihypertensive drugs. These are often ineffective and, even if they lower BP, they do not eliminate ...

Approximately 75%-80% of patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) fail to synthesize sufficient mineralocorticoids to maintain salt and water balance. In most instances genotype can predict mineralocorticoid deficiency in CAH. Early recognition and replacement with 9alpha-fludrocortisone and salt supplements will prevent development of potentially lethal salt losing crises. In infancy ...

Angiotensin II has a critical role in the regulation of blood pressure and cell growth and excess activity of the peptide is implicated in the pathogenesis of salt-induced cardiovascular injury. On the other hand, the role of counteracting angiotensin-(1-7) in cardiac structural and functional responses to high salt diet has ...

We investigated the usefulness of measuring urinary salt excretion by using a self-monitoring device. Subjects were 34 hypertensive patients who underwent successful 24-h home urine collection five times and 25 volunteers. Four volunteers were diagnosed as having hypertension based on home blood pressure (BP) readings. All subjects were asked to ...

Available evidence indicates that brown algae may be beneficial for the treatment of high blood pressure. Our recent study demonstrated that low molecular mass potassium alginate (L-PA), one of the major polysaccharides extracted from brown algae, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneous hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the ...

The cytochrome P-450 3A5 (CYP3A5) gene has recently been implicated in renal sodium reabsorption and blood pressure regulation. The genetic effect of CYP3A5*1 (expressor) and *3 (reduced-expressor) variants on blood pressure has been studied in African Americans and Caucasians, but not yet in the Asian population. In this cross-sectional study, ...

INTRODUCTION: We assessed whether co-supplementation of vitamins C and E has additive beneficial effects on reducing the kidney damage and attenuation of the arterial pressure elevation compared to administration of either vitamin C or vitamin E alone in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty rats were divided into 4 ...

It is now well accepted that many forms of experimental hypertension and human essential hypertension are caused by increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the role of region-specific changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the pathogenesis of hypertension has been difficult to determine because methods for chronic ...