1. Unlike in normal rabbits, pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) in rabbits with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) do not respond to small changes in extravascular fluid (EVF) volume in major airways. The present study examined the effect of shrinking the EVF volume in rabbits with chronic MR by infusing hypertonic ...

Push/pull hemodiafiltration (HDF) is characterized by alternate repetition of filtration and backfiltration during hemodialysis with high-flux membrane. In the pressure-controlled push/pull (PC P/P) HDF system, which is the newest push/pull HDF system, there are about 25 repetitions of dilution and concentration of the blood while it passes through the hemodiafilter. ...

Previous reports from our group demonstrated that about one-half of the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed from the cranial vault in sheep is transported into extracranial lymphatics, especially cervical lymphatic vessels in the neck. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) ...

Fluid dynamic forces have substantial effects on the movement of lymph and activity of lymph vessels. The effect of increases in intraluminal flow on spontaneous pumping activity of isolated collecting lymphatics has not yet been characterized in a condition in which the intraluminal pressure is constant. Thus, in afferent lymph ...

1. Hydraulic pressure in intercostal and diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels was measured through the micropuncture technique in 23 anaesthetised paralysed rabbits. Pleural lymphatic vessels with diameters ranging from 55 to 950 microm were observed under stereomicroscope view about 3-4 h after intrapleural injection of 20 % fluorescent dextrans. 2. Lymphatic pressure ...

We tested the hypothesis that elevated blood pressure, a known stimulus for vascular remodeling and an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic disease, can modulate basal and cytokine-induced tissue factor (TF; CD 142) expression in cultured human endothelial cells (EC). Using a chromogenic enzymatic assay, we measured basal ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with a generalized inflammatory response and splanchnic edema formation that are thought to be related to microvascular barrier injury. In particular, intestinal edema and dysfunction have been associated with sepsis and post-CPB complications. The purpose of this study was to measure the forces determining ...

The effects of a monoclonal antibody against L-selectin [leukocyte adhesion molecule (LAM)1-3] on microvascular fluid flux were determined in conscious sheep subjected to a combined injury of 40% third-degree burn and smoke inhalation. This combined injury induced a rapid increase in systemic prefemoral lymph flow (sQlymph) from the burned area ...

New microvascular findings in a woman with Parkinson's disease and lower leg oedema are presented. Microlymphography showed enhanced filling of the microlymphatic network with the fluorescent contrast medium comparable to the findings in lymphoedema. The microlymphatic and interstitial pressures of the skin were increased (27 mm Hg and 16 mm ...

Oedema is caused by impaired lymphatic drainage and/or increased microvascular filtration. To assess a postulated role for the latter in postmastectomy oedema, filtration was studied in the forearms of 14 healthy subjects and 22 patients with chronic, unilateral arm oedema caused by surgical and radiological treatment for breast cancer. A ...

This study is designed to better understand the mode of lymph transport, particularly through the extrinsic pumping by external compression of the lymph vessel. The pressure-diameter relationship of lymphatic segments isolated from the canine thoracic duct was examined using a laser optical micrometer measurement system. Results revealed that the thoracic ...

The influence of increased pulmocutaneous arterial systolic pressure on amphibian lymph heart activity was determined in Bufo marinus. Arginine vasotocin-induced increases in systolic arterial pressure of greater than 0.5 kPa significantly (P<0.0002) decreased lymph heart rate. Denervation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve led to an increase in arterial pressure of ...

To determine whether vitamin C would alter burn induced edema accumulation, hind paw venous pressure, lymph flow (QL), and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (CL/CP) were monitored in groups of 5 dogs before and 4 hours after 1) a 5 sec 100 degrees C or 90 degrees C foot paw scald; 2) ...

Although extensive research has been carried out on the respiratory and renal effects of intra-abdominal pressure increase, there is limited research with regard to its effects on bacterial translocation. The objective of this study was to discuss whether the high intra-abdominal pressure due to carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during laparoscopy ...

We studied the effect on lung fluid filtration of 37.6 ppm inhaled nitric oxide (NO) imposed for 1 h 2.5 h after endotoxin in seven awake sheep, with seven control subjects. The effects of NO on the longitudinal distribution of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) before and after endotoxin were specifically ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cold application with different temperatures on lymph flow in healthy persons and to examine the effects of the combination of cold and compression on lymph vessels. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-nine healthy persons were included in the study, and each served as his or her own control. ...

Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCHb) is a new blood substitute manufactured from human blood. To evaluate its microvascular filtration properties, we infused DCLHb into unanesthetized sheep (10%, 20 ml/kg) and measured the flow and composition of lung and soft tissue lymph. For comparison, we also infused human serum albumin (HSA; 10%, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and pH in cardiac lymph and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to comparable measurements in arterial and coronary sinus blood in the normal heart under ...

Cardiac and posterior lymph heart function in the toad Bufo marinus (L.) were measured in response to hemorrhage and both systemic and lymphatic volume loading to evaluate the role of the amphibian lymphatic system in fluid regulation. In every animal, systemic volume loading elicited an initial sharp rise in mean ...

The domestic pig is a useful model in certain areas of biomedical research. Effective use of this species is often encumbered by lack of reference values in conscious as well as anaesthetized animals. Anaesthesia itself influences physiological and biological variables; the anaesthetic technique often affects experimental results. The relationship between ...

We compared manual lymph drainage (MLD) with sequential pneumatic compression (SPC) for treatment of unilateral arm lymphedema in 28 women previously treated for breast cancer. After 2 weeks of therapy with a standard compression sleeve (Part I) with maintenance of a steady arm volume, each patient was randomly assigned to ...

Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is a highly sulfated semisynthetic polysaccharide possessing a higher negative charge density and degree of sulfation than heparin. Like other glycosaminoglycans, the structural and chemical properties of PPS promote binding of the drug to the endothelium. Glycosaminoglycans, including heparin, inhibit complement activation independent of an action on ...

Lymphatic vessels are important in removing excess fluid from the intestine and transporting the fluid to veins in the neck. However, in some diseases, neck vein pressure is increased and the high pressure may slow lymph flow. This study was to test the hypothesis that lymphatic clearance of fluid from ...

The objective of this study was a validation of an optical multiple indicator dilution technique for measuring microvascular exchange parameters in edematous lungs by comparison to conventional radioisotope multiple indicator dilution methods. Six anesthetized dogs were studied at baseline and after alloxan infusion to increase capillary permeability. In addition, 11 ...

To further define the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in endotoxin-induced lung dysfunction, we examined the effect of ABT-299, a specific and potent PAF-receptor antagonist, on the response to endotoxemia in six chronically instrumented awake sheep. We administered Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.5 microg/kg) intravenously with or without pretreatment with ABT-299 ...

We have previously shown that several endogenous vasoactive agents constrict prenodal lymph vessels in the canine forelimb. In this study, we assessed the receptor mechanisms by which bradykinin activates lymphatic smooth muscle. Intralymphatic (i.l.) infusion of bradykinin at concentrations of 3.82 x 10(-6), 3.82 x 10(-5) and 3.82 x 10(-4) ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide quantitative assessment of forces affecting filtration of synovial fluid in response to incremental changes in arterial and venous hemodynamics. ANIMALS: 7 clinically normal adult horses. PROCEDURE: Using a stationary, isolated metacarpophalangeal joint preparation, blood flow (Qa[cir]), tissue perfusion, arterial pressure (Pa[cir]), venous pressure (Pv[cir]), transsynovial fluid flow, ...

We studied the effect of intracellular calcium stores modulation on the ability of lymph vessels to propel fluid in a preparation of actively contracting isolated bovine mesenteric lymph vessels. Vessels were cannulated at each end, placed in a temperature-controlled organ bath, and circulated with oxygenated Krebs solution. Vessel wall tension ...

Although the parathyroid hormone-related protein gene is widely expressed in the central nervous system, the role of this protein in blood pressure is unknown. This article examines whether parathyroid hormone-related protein is involved in the central regulation of blood pressure. An intraventricularly injected solution of parathyroid hormone-related protein elicited a ...

BACKGROUND: The disruption of the hepatocyte tight junctions observed in biliary obstruction suggests altered permeability of the blood-bile barrier. In this study the role of biliary obstruction and increased biliary pressure on the translocation of bacteria from biliary tract to bloodstream and lymphatic system were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats ...

BMS182874, an endothelin receptor antagonist, blocks the effects of exogenously administered endothelins in chronically instrumented awake sheep. A possible role for endothelin in endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in sheep was investigated by studying animals given intravenous endotoxin with and without pretreatment with BMS182874. BMS182874 administration alone caused a reduction in pulmonary ...

BACKGROUND: The effects of alpha-trinositol (1D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-triphosphate, IP3) on burn-induced edema formation were investigated. METHODS: Lymph flow (QL; microliter/min) and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (CL/CP) were monitored in groups of five to six dogs before and 4 hours after (1) a 5-second 100 degrees C or 90 degrees C foot paw scald; ...

The aim of the present study was to study the sensibility in the area of saline-induced muscle pain. In three experiments, ten subjects were exposed to computer-controlled infusion of 0.5 ml isotonic (0.9%) or hypertonic (9%) saline into the anterior tibial muscle. The pain intensity was assessed on a visual ...

We administered a bolus of G-CSF (250 micrograms/body) just after the infusion of endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) in awake sheep with chronic lung lymph fistula to examine the effect of post-treatment with G-CSF on endotoxin-induced lung injury. We measured pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph flow, and concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin ...

In the present study, cardiac contraction was regionally impaired to investigate the relationship between contractility [maximum first time derivative of left ventricular pressure (dPLV/dtmax)] and PLV on epicardial lymph pressure (Plymph) generation. Measurements were performed in open-chest anesthetized dogs under control conditions and while local contraction was abolished by intracoronary ...

1. The effects of pulmonary lymphatic obstruction on urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion were examined on anaesthetized, artificially ventilated New Zealand White rabbits. Pulmonary lymphatic obstruction was produced by raising the pressure in a pouch created from the right external jugular vein. The experiments were performed on two groups ...

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverses systemic vasodilation during sepsis but may increase endothelial permeability. To assess adverse effects on the pulmonary vasculature, 12 sheep were chronically instrumented with lung lymph fistulas and hydraulic pulmonary venous occluders. Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1) was continuously infused for ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effect of increases of intraluminal pressure on the spontaneous diameter oscillations of isolated lymphatics and on the maximum and minimum diameter, in the presence and absence of endothelium. METHODS: Afferent lymphatics were isolated from rat iliac lymph nodes. After cannulation of both ends, lymphatics were equilibrated ...

Previously, we demonstrated that immunoglobulin G (IgG), dissolved in an isotonic solution in the peritoneal cavity, transported rapidly into the abdominal wall when the intraperitoneal (ip) pressure was > 2 cmH2O. We hypothesized that this was chiefly caused by convection and that diffusion of IgG was negligible. To investigate the ...

To study the dynamics of the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the cervical lymphatic system, X-ray contrast medium or Indian ink was infused into the cisterna magna of rats at moderately increased intracranial pressure (40-50 mmHg). In the first series of experiments, while the contrast medium was being infused, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on oxygenation, hemodynamics, and lymphatic drainage in an oleic acid lung injury model in sheep. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Animal research laboratory. ANIMALS: Thirty female sheep, weighing 35 to 40 kg. INTERVENTIONS: Acute lung ...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Major trauma or abdominal injury may lead to the development of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the onset of the abdominal compartment syndrome. Although the effect of raised IAP on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics have been described, the consequences of the resultant gut hypoperfusion in this setting ...

The variability of pressure in the cutaneous lymph capillaries on the forefoot was determined in 2 groups of healthy volunteers. In group A, including 12 healthy subjects (8 men, 4 women; mean age 28 years, range 22 to 37 years), measurements were performed in the morning and late afternoon of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of burn lymph on pulmonary hemodynamic variables. METHODS: A balloon-tipped catheter was fluoroscopically passed from a jugular vein into the right lower lobe (RLL) pulmonary artery of rats, its distal lumen used to measure pulmonary artery pressure. Inflation allowed measurement of RLL wedge pressure, which ...

1. To study the lymph flow dynamics in the intact thoracic duct, we applied an ultrasound transit-time flow probe in seven anaesthetized and four unanaesthetized adult sheep (approximately 60 kg). In unanaesthetized non-fasting animals we found that lymph flow in the thoracic duct was always regular pulsatile (pulsation frequency, 5.2 ...

This paper describes a morphologically unusual feature occurring in lymph nodes of some aged euthymic animals but mostly athymic animals. It initially consists of small alveole-like excrescences of the cortical wall of the subcapsular sinus. With dilatation, an excrescence becomes an ectasia which expands into the cortex. Observations suggest that ...

The treatment of patients with lymphedema is still controversial. Combined physical therapy with manual lymph drainage and compression therapy is most frequently used to reduce lymphatic leg swelling. However, objective evidence is rare that this empirical form of treatment has a scientific basis. In a prospective study fluorescence microlymphography and ...

Increased pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv), in combination with other factors, may cause pulmonary interstitial oedema. Whether increased Pmv alone induces alveolar oedema is questionable. In the present study we used the heavy water-indocyanine green dilution method to measure lung water during a rapid intravascular volume expansion in the sheep. Eight ...

Flow from the posterior lymph hearts of Bufo marinus was measured using Doppler flow probes. These probes were placed on the posterior vertebral vein and recorded flow as lymph was ejected from the heart. In resting, hydrated toads, mean lymph flow from one of the paired posterior lymph hearts was ...

Increases in systemic venous pressure (Pv) associated with heart failure cause an increase in microvascular fluid filtration into the tissue spaces. By removing this excess filtrate from the tissues, lymphatic vessels help to prevent edema. However, the lymphatics drain into systemic veins and an increase in Pv may interfere with ...