: To examine the prevalence of obesity and its relationship with pressure ulcers among nursing home (NH) populations, and whether such relationship varies with certified nursing assistant (CNA) level in NHs. DATA AND STUDY POPULATION:: The 1999-2009 nationwide Minimum Data Sets were linked with Online Survey of Certification and Reporting ...

Obesity is a strong risk factor for hypertension, but the mechanisms by which obesity leads to hypertension are incompletely understood. On this background, we assessed dietary sodium intake, serum levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs), and the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in 63 obese hypertensive men (obeseHT: body mass index, ...

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether 12 week inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has any impact on pulmonary function, maximum respiratory pressures and diaphragmatic mobility (DM) in morbidly obese subjects. Method: Thirty-one morbidly obese individuals were assessed. Volunteers were randomised into two groups. The IMT group (n = 16) followed an IMT protocol for ...

Diastolic dysfunction is a prognosticator for future cardiovascular events that demonstrates a strong correlation with obesity. Pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) to increase the bioavailability of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an emerging therapy for control of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Accumulating evidence suggests GLP-1 has insulin-independent actions ...

The present study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness (SFT) with blood pressure (BP) in 12-year-old children in Shandong, China. A total of 920 (464 boys and 456 girls) 12-year-old students participated in this study. All subjects were divided into four groups (BMI < 25th, ...

Weight loss of 4 kg by diet reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) by 4.5 and 3.2 mm Hg, respectively.

Strain, bending rigidity, and adhesion are interwoven in determining how graphene responds when pulled across a substrate. Using Raman spectroscopy of circular, graphene-sealed microchambers under variable external pressure, we demonstrate that graphene is not firmly anchored to the substrate when pulled. Instead, as the suspended graphene is pushed into the ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the effect of obesity on foot-ground contact in young individuals affected by Down syndrome (DS) during quiet upright stance. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study on 118 individuals with Down syndrome, 59 with obesity aged 3-18 yrs and 59 with normal weight, age- and ...

The 'fetal origin hypothesis' suggests that metabolic diseases are directly related to poor nutritional status in early life. Thus, a high birth weight (HBW) may pose a lower risk than normal birth weight. Overweight and overnutrition are among the most widely recognized risk factors of metabolic diseases. To explore the ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity, based on body mass index (BMI), among Chinese children and adolescents has increased for decades, but the relationship between trends in blood pressure (BP) and increasing BMI has not been studied. METHODS: BMI and BP measurements of 391,982 children aged 7-17 years were obtained from ...

Birth weight (BW) has effects on blood pressure (BP). In order to explore the effects of macrosomia on BP in childhood and in adolescence, a longitudinal cohort study was conducted in Wuxi, China. Subjects with BW 4000 g, born in 1993-1995, were the exposed group; the unexposed comparisons were matched by ...

The fibrillar morphology was obtained compared to the featherless pristine films via solvent annealing the films of a series of derivatives of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs), i. e., poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT), poly(3,3'''-didodecyl-quaterthiophene) (PQT12) and poly(2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT12). Among the solvents used such as dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CF), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and carbon disulfide (CS2), carbon ...

BACKGROUND: Childhood hypertension is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to examine how obesity status influences the association of 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and hypertension in Chinese children. METHODS: We recruited 619 ...

Obesity is a global pandemic and with its rise, its associated co-morbidities are increasing in prevalence, particularly uncontrolled hypertension. Lifestyle changes should be an anchor for the management of obesity-related hypertension; however, they are difficult to sustain. Drug therapy is often necessary to achieve blood pressure control. Diuretics, inhibitors of ...

Obesity and hypertension have been recognized as inflammatory diseases capable of activating the immune system, thus contributing to an increased cardiovascular risk. However, the link between adaptive immunity, obesity, and hypertension is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship of the body mass index (BMI) on the inflammatory, vascular, and immune ...

The aim of this study is to identify determinants that are associated with uncontrolled hypertension among black Africans in the city of Brussels. A not-matched case-control study. Seventy-five black Africans were assigned to a case group with uncontrolled hypertension and a control group with controlled hypertension. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle and ...

Introduction. Obesity is associated with a wide range of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Objective. To establish an association between the nutritional status of 6-10 year old boys and girls and blood pressure. Population and Methods. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 6-10 year old schoolboys and schoolgirls. Outcome measures ...

Although obesity is a well-known risk factor for hypertension, the mechanisms by which hypertension develops in obese patients are not entirely clear. Animal models of obesity and their different susceptibilities to develop hypertension have revealed some of the mechanisms linking obesity and hypertension. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ secreting ...

BACKGROUND: The adjustable gastric band is an effective surgical treatment to induce weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. We aimed to assess the effects of band placement and stepwise adjustment on esophageal motility, using high-resolution manometry (HRM). METHODS: Patients underwent esophageal HRM before and 6 weeks after gastric band placement. ...

Abdominal obesity and chronic stress have independent effects on cardiac autonomic regulation, and may also interact to influence cardiovascular reactivity. In addition to main effects, we hypothesized that abdominal obesity and chronic stress would interact and predict blunted cardiovascular reactivity. One hundred and twenty-two undergraduate students engaged in two stressful ...

BackgroundAlthough the cardiac biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is strongly related to mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), whether it is a predictor of weight change or blood pressure (BP) response upon probing dry weight among hypertensive hemodialysis patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine among ...

Obesity is frequently associated with systemic hypertension. Blood pressure measure is inaccurate in severely obese patients because of poor cuff size fitting. Objective:The aim of the study is to assess the degree of agreement between the intra-arterial method as the gold standard vs. non-invasive methods i.e. forearm blood pressure and ...

Background: Sodium, apart from volume, may have an independent effect on blood pressure (BP) regulation. Methods: Sixteen hypertensive hemodialysis patients were enrolled, who have achieved their dry weight assessed by bioimpedance methods, with pre-dialysis plasma sodium levels slightly higher than the facility dialysate sodium concentration 138 mmol/l. After a 1-month ...

The conventional powder flow testers require sample volumes larger than 40g and are met with experimental hiccups due to powder cohesion. This study designed a gas-pressurized dispersive powder flow tester where a high velocity air is used to disaggregate powder (9g) and eliminate its cohesion. The pressurized gas entrained solid ...

Reduced fetal growth is associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Recently, we found an inverse association between serum ω-3 fatty acids and systolic blood pressure in young adults born with impaired fetal growth. We investigated the associations of dietary intake in childhood of the long-chain ω-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to examine the associations among body weight status, blood pressure and daily Na intake among grade 7 students from south-western Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Data were collected using the Food Behaviour Questionnaire, including a 24 h diet recall. Measured height and weight were used to determine ...

Purpose. To investigate relationships between blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) of different body mass index (BMI) classes. 
Methods. Data from participants of a prospective, longitudinal, single site, observational study were analyzed. Patients with a prior diagnosis of OAG ...

The recognition of barometric pressure was a critical step in the development of environmental physiology. In 1644, Evangelista Torricelli described the first mercury barometer in a remarkable letter that contained the phrase, "We live submerged at the bottom of an ocean of the element air, which by unquestioned experiments is ...

Gout is increasing worldwide. An appreciation that hyperuricaemia and gout are associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease is well established, but the cause and effect relationships are controversial. Studies which address this conundrum have been reviewed. Epidemiological surveys have confirmed the strong relationship of gout and hyperuricaemia with hypertension ...

  To assess the amount of salt intake among normotensive (NT) and prehypertensive (PHT) subjects and to determine whether the association between salt intake and blood pressure is correlated with body weight and waist circumference (WC) or is independent. A total of 806 NT and PHT subjects from Isfahan Healthy ...

Two-photon excitation laser-induced fluorescence of carbon monoxide suffers from interference from mainly C and strong pressure quenching. This paper presents an investigation of three excitation/detection schemes for two-photon excitation laser-induced fluorescence on carbon monoxide. The schemes are evaluated for pressure and quenching partner dependencies and C interference. Three different emission ...

Allium sativum, the active ingredient in garlic, is known to have a beneficial effect on major cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, blood pressure, blood glucose and insulin levels. However, the data on the significance of these effects are inconsistent due to methodological limitations, especially the use of whole garlic cloves ...

Orthorhombic α-BaTeMoO nonlinear optical single crystals were investigated at ambient pressure by micro-Raman and infrared spectroscopy with a focus on the polarization properties of the vibrational modes. These results were analyzed based on classical lattice dynamics calculations, allowing us to propose the normal-mode symmetries and assignments. In addition to the ...

Hypertension is an epidemic health concern and a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Although there are available treatment strategies for hypertension, numerous hypertensive patients do not have their clinical symptoms under control and it is imperative that new avenues to treat or prevent high blood pressure ...

Salt sensitivity, the heterogeneity in the response of blood pressure (BP) to alterations in sodium intake, has been studied extensively, whereas weight sensitivity, the heterogeneity in BP response to weight change, has received scant attention. We examined the relationship of 21 gene polymorphisms previously found to be associated with hypertension, ...

Obesity is a major health problem in the United States, and the burden associated is high. Hypertension seems to be the most common obesity-related health problem. Studies show that hypertension is approximately twice as prevalent among the obese as in the non-obese population. This study has two main objectives. First, ...

ABSTRACT:: Leptin is a 16-kDa peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue. One of the major actions of this hormone is the control of energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to reduction in food intake, elevation in temperature and energy expenditure. In ...

A cross-sectional analysis was performed to explore the relationship between regional body fat distribution and blood pressure in non-obese subjects with different status of blood pressure. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure fat mass. Obesity was defined as present body fat ≥25% in males and ≥35% in females. The ...

Background:Obesity and arterial hypertension are tightly connected. Obese individuals show significant elevation of vasoconstrictory muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Obesity-related hyperleptinemia might play a key role in mediating these effects. Leptin is synthesized in proportion to body fat mass and activates SNA in animal models. In humans, however, direct evidence ...

Photoluminescence spectra and luminescence kinetics of pure CaMoO(4) and CaMoO(4) doped with Ln(3+) (Ln = Pr or Tb) are presented. The spectra were obtained at high hydrostatic pressure up to 240 kbar applied in a diamond anvil cell. At ambient pressure undoped and doped samples exhibit a broad band emission extending between 380 ...

Objective: Research suggests that exposure to racism partially explains why African American women are 2 to 3 times more likely to deliver low birth weight and preterm infants. However, the physiological pathways by which racism exerts these effects are unclear. This study examined how lifetime exposure to racism, in combination ...

Due to pressures within the sport environment, such as from coaches, teammates, uniforms and judges, female athletes may develop unhealthy eating practices to lose weight or change their body size/shape to become more competitive and meet societal and sport-related physique ideals. However, up until the development of the Weight Pressures ...

The aim of this analysis was to evaluate changes in cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with dyslipidemia and/or hypertension receiving phentermine (PHEN) and topiramate extended-release (TPM ER). In the 56-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter CONQUER trial, PHEN/TPM ER demonstrated significant weight loss compared with placebo in overweight or obese ...

ABSTRACT: Context: The link between weight gain and cardiovascular risk characterized with circadian blood pressure variability [CBPV] and endothelial function [EF] is unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively demonstrate weight gain in healthy adults, increases body fat [BF], enlarges waist circumference [WC], expands visceral adipose tissue [VAT], exacerbates systemic inflammation [sIF], worsens ...

Compounds rich in nitrogen are attracting significant interest not only because of their high energy content, but becasue they are potentially more environmentally benign in comparison to conventional energetic materials. Given this interest, it is desirable to understand their molecular composition and structural variations with pressure in order to derive ...

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood and adolescence is associated with overweight and obesity. Recently a body shape index (ABSI) has been suggested as superior to body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC) as a measure of disease risk. Objective: To examine the association between ABSI, BMI, ...

The number of obese or overweight humans continues to increase worldwide. Hypertension is a serious disease that often develops in obesity, but it is not clear how obesity increases the risk of hypertension. However, both obesity and hypertension increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this review, we examine ...

What is already known about this subject African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity and other metabolic risk factors in comparison to White Americans. Increasing prevalence of obesity has been associated with concomitant increases in childhood hypertension, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress is associated with obesity in both ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major worldwide health problem. Excess weight gain is the most significant preventable cause of increased blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension and increases the risk for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Our goal is to review the mechanisms that link obesity with hypertension, ...

Elevated values of heart rate (HR) and insulin resistance (IR) reflect enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity and may be connected to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes. To evaluate the relationship between HR, blood pressure (BP), double product and IR in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with stable CAD. ...