Contemporary standards of care, including many "quality improvement" and "pay-for-performance" measures, indicate that aggressive blood pressure control should be instituted in patients with type 2 diabetes. Is this consistent with the evidence? This was recently the topic of a Sioux Falls Family Residency Program Journal Club presentation, in which we ...

Nano-patterning of graphene film by a novel approach making use of laser ablation generated pressure is presented in this paper. Arrays of nanoscale holes were fabricated by applying laser shock pressure on graphene film suspended on well trenches in silicon substrate. Round holes with diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm ...

ABSTRACT: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines suggest targeting a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mm Hg to maintain organ perfusion pressure during septic shock. However, the optimal mean arterial pressure can be higher in patients with a history of hypertension or other vascular comorbidities or in those with ...

The individual and combined effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD), mild heat (MH) and nisin (200 ppm) on the inactivation of natural microorganisms, including aerobic bacteria (AB), yeasts and molds (Y&M), in litchi juice were evaluated. The samples were treated at a pressure of 10 MPa and temperatures of 32, 42 or ...

This work reports the effect of pressure on the steam/oxygen gasification at 1000°C of the char derived from low temperature-pressure distillation of granulated scrap tyres (GST). The study was based on the analysis of gas production, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and the high heating value (HHV) of the product. ...

To study the optic disc characteristics using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) II in normal Japanese subjects. A total of 1060 eyes of 530 normal subjects with reliable HRT images, who participated in the community health checkup in the city of Akita, Japan, were included in the study. Optic disc ...

Despite frequent reporting of blood pressure during profound passive heat stress, both with and without a hypotensive challenge, the method by which blood pressure is measured often varies between laboratories. It is unknown whether auscultatory and finger blood pressure measures accurately reflect intra-arterial blood pressure during dynamic changes in cardiac ...

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the characteristics of alumina (Al2O3)/water nanofluid to determine the feasibility of its application to an air-cooled heat exchanger. The Al2O3/water nanofluid produced by the direct synthesis method served as the experimental sample, and were dispersed into three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.%). This experiment ...

To evaluate if the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) (the difference between systolic and diastolic intraocular pressure) is associated with the measurement variability of IOPg [Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOP)], IOPcc (corneal compensated IOP), corneal hysteresis (CH), and corneal resistance factor (CRF) obtained from the ocular response analyzer (ORA). Sixty normal participants ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensional changes and phase transition of nanotubular titanium oxide arrays after heat treatment under an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The thermodynamic background for the oxidation of titanium to titanium oxide was theoretically investigated as a function of the oxygen partial pressure. The anodized ...

The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is one of the most important species for commercial fisheries and a promising candidate for aquaculture. Precocious sexual maturation of males is one of the major issues compromising large scale production. The potential approaches to this problem include production of all female populations. Consequently, the ...

PURPOSE: Whole-body heat stress compromises the control of blood pressure during an orthostatic challenge, although the extent to which this occurs can vary greatly between individuals. The mechanism(s) responsible for these varying responses remain unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the individuals who are best able to tolerate an ...

Hemorrhagic shock is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Intrathoracic pressure regulation (IPR) lowers intrathoracic pressure thereby decreasing intracranial pressure and increasing venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion without the need for immediate fluid resuscitation. We hypothesized that IPR would improve hemodynamics and 24-hour ...

A combined experimental and numerical study was conducted to determine a method to elucidate the biomechanical response of a head surrogate physical model under air shock loading. In the physical experiments, a gel-filled egg-shaped skull/brain surrogate was exposed to blast overpressure in a shock tube environment, and static pressures within ...

This prospective observational study evaluates the relationship between adrenaline, lactate and intensive care unit survival in septic shock. Forty patients requiring adrenaline therapy for a first episode of septic shock acquired > 24 hours after admission to the intensive care unit had blood lactate levels measured two-hourly over a 24-hour ...

Glaucoma, one of the major causes of blindness in the world, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well-known major risk factor for glaucoma. In addition, there is growing evidence that vascular factors may play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Systemic (e.g. hypertension, diabetes) and ocular vascular ...

SHOCK SYNDROMES ARE OF THREE TYPES: cardiogenic, hemorrhagic and inflammatory. Hemorrhagic shock has its initial deranged macro-hemodynamic variables in the blood volume and venous return. In cardiogenic shock there is a primary pump failure that has cardiac output/mean arterial pressure as initial deranged variables. In Inflammatory Shock it is the ...

Retinopathy, globe enlarged (RGE) is an inherited genetic disease of chickens with a corneal phenotype characterized by loss of tissue curvature and changes in peripheral collagen fibril alignment. This study aimed to characterize the material behavior of normal and RGE chicken corneas under inflation and compare this with new spatial- ...

Purpose. To investigate the characteristics of visual field (VF) progression in medically treated normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients (Koreans) with unstable ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Methods. One hundred one eyes of 101 NTG patients followed up for more than 4 years (mean follow-up, 6.2 years ± 12.1 months) were included. Modified ...

To investigate the hypotheses that the topography of the optic nerve head (ONH) significantly changes during the day in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (uPOAG) and healthy volunteers; and that there is a significant association with diurnal variations of intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP). Fourteen uPOAG and ...

Purpose. To characterize a technique that concurrently assesses all aqueous humor hydrodynamic parameters in mouse eyes. Methods. Mouse outflow facility (C) was determined by multiple flow-rate infusion and episcleral venous pressure (Pe) measured by manometry. The animals were then euthanatized, eliminating aqueous formation rate (Fin) and Pe. C was determined ...

Tissue anoxia is the main mechanism of the shock reaction. Here, the effect of hyperoxygenated solution (HOS) on acute haemorrhagic shock was studied in rabbits. At 60 min after shock, rabbits were infused intravenously with hyperoxygenated solution at 10 (HOS1 group) or 20 ml/kg (HOS2 group) or with Ringer's solution ...

To measure precise blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate without using a cuff, we have developed an arterial pulsimeter consisting of a small, portable apparatus incorporating a Hall device. Regression analysis of the pulse wave measured during testing of the arterial pulsimeter was conducted using two equations of the BP ...

To evaluate the nighttime intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure (BP) response to timolol treatment in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. This was a meta-analysis of previously published studies that must have been randomized, prospective, crossover or parallel, single or double-masked trials. The treatment period must have ...

To simultaneously measure, using manometry, the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber and in the vitreous cavity of a single porcine eye, induced by an external column of water. We prospectively measured IOP simultaneously in seven freshly enucleated porcine eyes in both the anterior chamber and the ...

African American women are at greater risk for complications related to high blood pressure. This study examined relationships between high blood pressure, pulse pressure, body mass index, family adaptability, family cohesion and social support among 146 Urban African American women. Significant relationships were found between family adaptability and systolic blood ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) when added to topical β-blocker (BB) therapy. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine articles reporting on 33 study arms and 3 control arms. METHODS: Articles published between January 1, 1990, and August 18, ...

There is a long-standing discussion about whether myopia is associated with decreased choroidal blood flow, as suggested by pneumotonometric measurements of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF). However, it has been noted previously that calculations of POBF depend on intraocular volume. In the present study we investigated this volume dependence through ...

To examine the repeatability of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements provided by the Tono-Pachymeter NT530P (Nidek, Japan), and to assess agreement of the device with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and ultrasound pachymetry (UP). Sixty-two normal eyes of 62 subjects were included in the study. Three sessions ...

Purpose: Vascular dysregulation is deemed a significant risk factor in glaucoma occurrence and progression. Capillaroscopy of the blood vessels on the finger nail-fold is a method that can provide information regarding the state of the vascular system at the capillary level. The aim of this pilot study was to determine ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure rhythms in newly diagnosed apneic patients before and after nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (using a Tonopen XL) and ambulatory blood pressure, measured hourly for 24 hours, were analyzed in 18 consecutive patients with ...

The purpose of this research was to develop a reliable and repeatable inflation protocol to measure the scleral inflation response of mouse eyes to elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP), comparing the inflation response exhibited by the sclera of younger and older C57BL/6 mice. Whole, enucleated eyes from younger (2 month) ...

Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ICare tonometers precision and accuracy and the extent to which intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements are influenced by measuring position. Methods:  This was carried out by comparing the central and peripheral ICare-IOP readings and comparing ICare- with the Goldmann applanation tonometer ...

Peribulbar anesthesia can reduce ocular blood flow (OBF) by increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) or due to the action of drugs. Ropivacaine has low toxicity and intrinsic vasoconstrictive properties, yet to be proven on the ocular vasculature. Measurements of ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) allow the indirect evaluation of the OBF. The ...

To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by the TonoVet rebound tonometer. Animals studied  Freshly enucleated healthy eyes of 44 free-ranging birds of prey out of the species Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Strix aluco, Asio otus and Tyto alba euthanized because of unrelated health problems. IOP readings ...

Although the majority of patients with glaucoma have elevated intraocular pressure as the presumed etiology for their resultant neuropathy, it is well known that approximately 25% of patients with glaucoma have intraocular pressure within the normal range for their race. These patients may have conditions that facilitate non-pressure related stress ...

Background It has been shown that the pressure-to-cornea index (PCI), which estimates the relative effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT), may differentiate between glaucoma and non-glaucoma states. The authors investigated the utility of the pressure-cornea-vascular index (PCVI) in predicting field-progression in patients with normal tension glaucoma ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) and its 24-hour fluctuation on 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation in primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients underwent 24-hour evaluation (8 PM, midnight, 4 AM, 8 AM, noon, and 4 PM) of supine and sitting IOP, measured with handheld ...

PURPOSE: To investigate whether the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and mechanism of action of timolol and latanoprost change between 1 and 6 weeks of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty participants on no ocular medications completed this double-masked, 6-visit, crossover study. At each visit IOP was determined by pneumatonometry, aqueous flow ...

To evaluate 24-h efficacy of travoprost/timolol fixed combination (TTFC) vslatanoprost/timolol fixed combination (LTFC) in exfoliative glaucoma (XFG). A prospective, single-masked, crossover, active-controlled, randomized 24-h comparison. After up to a 6-week medicine-free period, XFG patients were randomized to either TTFC or LTFC for 3 months, dosed each evening, and then changed ...

PURPOSE: Comparison of the magnitude and repeatability of the intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) to that measured with the Goldmann tonometer. METHODS: Two sets of IOP measurements were made, for 89 eyes of eighty-nine subjects, approximately 1-week apart. Goldmann tonometry was performed subsequent to non-contact ...

PURPOSE: To examine corneal responses to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: For a sample of 10 normal subjects, noncontact tonometry was used to measure IOP elevations in response to scleral indentation from a standardized ophthalmodynamometer (ODM) force. Using the same ODM force, corneal topography was assessed for the same controls ...

BACKGROUND: Handheld measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) has been previously shown to accurately predict elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurosurgical patients. Handheld tonometry may have clinical utility in the prediction of elevated ICP among a cohort of emergency department (ED) patients receiving lumbar puncture (LP). OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the sensitivity ...

To study the accuracy and acceptability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer in children. Fifty children (5 to 14 years old) participated in this prospective comparative study. IOP was measured with the pressure phosphene tonometer, non-contact tonometer, and Goldmann tonometer by ...

To assess the additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% on the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curve and retrobulbar haemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with morning-dosed bimatoprost 0.03%. Twenty-five patients with POAG were evaluated in a prospective, single-masked study. After a 1 week run-in period with bimatoprost ...

PURPOSE: To examine the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its related systemic and ocular biometric factors in a population-based study in a southwestern island of Japan. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study. METHODS: All residents of Kumejima Island, Japan, located in southwestern Japan (eastern longitude, 126 degrees 48 minutes and northern ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the additive effect of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination in patients under monotherapy with latanoprost. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, 4-week, randomized, open-label controlled clinical trial, patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, which presented at least 15% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after a minimum period of 15 ...

To compare the 24 h intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and perfusion pressure (PP) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and healthy individuals. 24 healthy individuals and 29 POAG patients underwent IOP and BP measurements every 2 h, starting at 08:00 until 06:00 of the next morning. IOP measurements ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the stability of successive applanation tonometry measurements in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: A prospective, comparative, randomized, and evaluator-masked study was conducted in a tertiary medical center. Sixty-seven patients with glaucoma attending our glaucoma clinic underwent four successive intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with Goldmann-type applanation tonometry. Findings were compared ...

PURPOSE: To provide a critical review of the relationships between blood pressure, ocular blood flow, and glaucoma and the potential for glaucoma treatment through modulation of ocular perfusion. DESIGN: Summaries of the pertinent literature and input from glaucoma researchers and specialists with relevant experience. METHODS: Review and interpretation of selected ...