Silent substitution and selective adaptation techniques were used to obtain full field S-cone and L + M-cone electroretinograms from 18 patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), 9 with normotensive glaucoma (NTG), 18 with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 19 normal controls. Pattern electroretinograms were also recorded, using a reduced ...

BACKGROUND: In an experimental laboratory investigation we compared intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and pneumatonometry (PTG) with intracameral manometry on human cadaver corneas of different hydration conditions. METHODS: Ten freshly enucleated eyes were de-epithelialized. Two tubes were placed in the anterior ...

Visual loss is a rare, but catastrophic, complication of surgery in the prone position. The prone position increases intraocular pressure (IOP), which may lead to visual loss by decreasing perfusion of the anterior optic nerve. We tested whether the reverse Trendelenburg position ameliorates the increase in IOP caused by prone ...

PURPOSE: To determine in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or early glaucoma (EOAG) the change in blood flow measured at the neuroretinal rim of the optic disc in response to a 15-Hz diffuse green luminance flicker, a stimulus that activates predominantly the ganglion cell magnocellular pathway. METHODS: Thirteen patients with ...

PURPOSE: To assess systemic and ocular vascular reactivity in response to warm and cold provocation in untreated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal control subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 22 normal control subjects were subjected to a modified cold pressor test involving immersion of the ...

Impairment of outflow facility in glaucoma causes large intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations that have been shown to be a risk factor for disease progression. The water-drinking provocative test (WDT) has been proposed as an indirect measurement of outflow facility to compare intraocular pressure responses of glaucoma eyes to different drugs. ...

PURPOSE: To describe the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes resulting from scleral flap suture and scleral flap manipulation in an experimental model of conventional guarded filtration surgery. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Trabeculectomy operations were performed with adjustable sutures on 5 donor human eyes connected to a constant flow infusion and a ...

AIMS: To assess the effect of systemic hypertension on the choroidal circulation in subjects with a normal eye examination. METHODS: Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to determine relative choroidal blood velocity (Ch(vel)), volume (Ch(vol)), and flow (Ch(flow)) in the centre of the fovea. Measurements were obtained in 15 eyes of ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety in ocular hypertensive or open-angle glaucoma patients changed to a latanoprost/timolol fixed combination (LTFC) from previous therapy. METHODS: We employed a retrospective, multicenter, active-controlled study evaluating patients who had a previous therapy substituted with LTFC and had ...

PURPOSE: To describe a technique for inserting glaucoma shunts to the sinuses or the lacrimal sac as a means of lowering intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma associated with severe ocular surface disease. METHODS: Nineteen patients with severe ocular surface disease necessitating a keratoprosthesis and with intractable glaucoma underwent ...

AIMS: To compare the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) efficacy and safety of timolol vs latanoprost in subjects with exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). METHODS: A 3-month prospective, single-masked, active-controlled, parallel comparison performed in six centres in Greece that randomized subjects in a 1 : 1 ratio to either latanoprost in the evening ...

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with resolved hypotony maculopathy with a persistent retinal fold (despite normalization of intraocular pressure [IOP]) who underwent successful surgical intervention by vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peel, and gas tamponade. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 55-year-old man with a hypotony-induced macular retinal fold that did ...

PURPOSE: To compare the nocturnal effects of once-daily timolol and latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension or early glaucomatous changes. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, experimental study with crossover design. METHODS: Eighteen patients with ocular hypertension or early glaucomatous changes (aged 41 to 79 years) each received topical ...

PURPOSE: To determine the mechanism of ocular hypotensive action of bimatoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. DESIGN: Double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized, paired comparison crossover study of the effect of bimatoprost on aqueous humor dynamics. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Twenty-nine patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. METHODS: Bimatoprost and a placebo ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) variations occurring after indirect diode laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: A study group-21 consecutive premature babies (42 eyes) undergoing diode laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity-and control groups-32 premature babies (64 eyes) undergoing retinal examination ...

The etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains the subject of continuing investigation. Despite the many known risk factors and mechanism of damage, the principal treatment objectives in POAG still consist of reduction of intraocular pressure, which although straightforward in many cases, often leaves the clinician with the question of ...

BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of 2 dosing regimens of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% on diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic hemodynamics in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Twenty NTG patients were enrolled and randomized to receive either brimonidine twice daily (BID) for 4 weeks followed by brimonidine 3 times ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the pressure phosphene tonometer (PPT) is suitable for self-tonometry in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: This was a prospective comparative study of 102 eyes of 102 patients with chronic glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by the Goldmann tonometer (GT) were compared ...

PURPOSE: To assess whether systemic hypertension is associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in an older population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 subjects aged 49 to 97 years. Hypertension was diagnosed from history in treated subjects or from systolic blood pressure (BP) > or=160 mm Hg ...

PURPOSE: This study compared a new noncontact tonometer (NCT), the Nidek NT-4000 (Nidek Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan), with a pulse detection feature; an earlier model, the Nidek NT-2000, without this pulse detection facility; and Goldmann tonometry. METHODS: Thirty-one young subjects had their intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye randomly measured ...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated systemic and ocular acute safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of travoprost 0.004% and bimatoprost 0.03%, compared to brimonidine 0.2% and betaxolol 0.25% in healthy subjects. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Nineteen (19) young men, ages between 24 and 42, were enrolled in a single-center, institutional randomized, double-masked, ...

PURPOSE: To determine the short-term effects of latanoprost on retrobulbar circulation in ocular hypertension. METHODS: Forty-six eyes of 23 consecutive bilateral ocular hypertensive patients with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of greater than 22 mmHg were evaluated in a prospective controlled study. All subjects received a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% ...

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of brinzolamide 1% (Azopt) and brimonidine 0.2% (Alphagan) with a placebo in preventing an early increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Baskent University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: In this prospective double-masked study, 90 eyes of 90 patients having ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the late effects of intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on intraosseous pressure (IOP). PGE1 was infused intravenously at 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 microg/kg/min over 120 min daily for 5 consecutive days into six rabbits each. On the day after the ...

This review evaluated the clinical evidence of the comparative efficacy and safety of bimatoprost and latanoprost in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Four head-to-head, randomized, and controlled clinical trials of bimatoprost and latanoprost with treatment periods ranging from 1 to 6 months were identified ...

This study was conducted to report on the intraocular pressure (IOP) pattern in patients with epidemic dropsy. Two hundred and thirty proven cases of epidemic dropsy were sent for ocular examination. We measured IOP by applanation tonometry at different intervals. Patients were followed up until 24 weeks. Intraocular pressure of ...

A novel series of 15-fluoro prostaglandins with phenoxy termination of the omega-chain was synthesized and evaluated for binding and functional activation of the prostaglandin FP receptor in vitro and for side effect potential and topical ocular hypotensive efficacy in vivo. Compounds with the 15alpha-fluoride relative stereochemistry displayed EC50 values of ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of brimonidine purite versus dorzolamide given twice daily in primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive subjects. METHODS: In this double masked, multicentre, prospective, crossover comparison 33 subjects were randomised to brimonidine purite or dorzolamide for the first 4 week treatment period after a 4 ...

PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing effect and safety of fixed combination (FC) latanoprost/timolol with unfixed combination (UFC) brimonidine/timolol in patients with increased IOP. METHODS: In this 6 month, randomised, evaluator masked, parallel group European study, patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension and IOP > or =21 mm ...

Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) still holds pride of place as the principal risk factor for developing glaucoma. The detrimental effects of chronically elevated IOP on the optic disc are well known. However, the clinical significance of acutely raised IOP is less certain. Transient acute elevations of intraocular pressure (IOP spikes) ...

BACKGROUND: Intraocular pressure (IOP) may be subject to change during altitude exposure. This may be an important consideration for long-haul flights. In this study, intraocular pressure change was investigated following exposure to an altitude of 10,000 ft during flight in an unpressurized aircraft. METHODS: We measured the IOP of the ...

We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with a history of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the left eye who, 2 hours after a fundus examination and mydriasis, experienced acutely elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) up to 40 mm Hg in the presence of fully dilated pupil and a ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of glaucoma is higher in African American individuals than in white individuals. OBJECTIVE: To report the safety and efficacy of topical ocular hypotensive medication in delaying or preventing the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among African American participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. METHODS: Eligibility ...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the levels of nitric oxide (NO) markers in plasma and aqueous humour of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and their relation to ocular perfusion pressure. METHODS: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) were determined in plasma and aqueous humour of 38 patients with POAG ...

OBJECTIVES: Autonomic and endothelial dysfunction is likely to contribute to the pathophysiology of normal pressure glaucoma (NPG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Although there is evidence of vasomotor dysregulation with decreased peripheral and ocular blood flow, cerebral autoregulation (CA) has not yet been evaluated. The aim of our study ...

Nipradilol is an alpha(1), beta-blocker with milder side effects than other beta-blockers used in humans. In this study the effects of nipradilol were compared with those of timolol maleate in dogs. Twelve clinically normal dogs (nine mongrels, two beagles, and one Akita) were used. We applied 0.25% nipradilol or 0.5% ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical 5% phenylephrine on circulation in the optic nerve head (ONH) of cynomolgus monkeys and in the central retinal artery (CRA) of aged patients. METHODS: In five monkeys, ONH tissue blood velocity (NB(ONH)), determined using the laser speckle ...

PURPOSE: To study the effect of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan) on ocular hemodynamics in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: One randomly selected eye of each of 26 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension was enrolled. Each patient received a drop of bimatoprost 0.03% once daily for 1 ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure- (IOP-) lowering efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan, Allergan, Inc.) monotherapy in the treatment of patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension not currently using ocular hypotensives. METHODS: Open-label, community-based, multicenter evaluation. Patients (n = 6767) who, according to their physicians, required IOP lowering were prescribed ...

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA 5178 adenine/cytosine (mt5178 A/C) polymorphism has been reported to be associated with longevity in Japanese individuals, with experimental findings concluding that mt5178 A is an anti-atherogenic genotype. The aim of this study was to determine whether mt5178 A/C polymorphism influences intraocular pressure (IOP), and its relationship with ...

In glaucoma and ocular hypertension, clinically relevant intraocular pressure lowering due to a new medication is frequently defined as at least a 15% or 20% reduction from baseline intraocular pressure. This report compares the percentages of treated patients achieving such reductions in intraocular pressure after 6 months of treatment with ...

Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) elicited by a Valsalva manoeuvre were studied in 11 male patients (mean age 39.8 years) suffering from episodic cluster headache (CH), and 12 healthy male controls (mean age 39.9 years). The tests were performed at rest and while exhaling hard through a mouthpiece connected to ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the retrobulbar hemodynamic changes occurring in light and darkness in patients with early stages retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: Eleven early stages RP patients were enrolled in the study. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery ...

PURPOSE: To conduct a 12-month prospective study on the occurrence of latanoprost-induced iridial pigmentation and eyelash change in Japanese patients with glaucoma METHODS: Seventy-five patients (75 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Photographs of the iris and eyelashes were taken under identical conditions before and after treatment. Three glaucoma specialists ...

PURPOSE: There is evidence that altered optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow may play a role in the development and progression of glaucoma. In the present study, the baseline characteristics were examined in a study population participating in a clinical trial in which the ocular hemodynamic effects of timolol and ...

PURPOSE: To determine in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys, the effects of topical 8-iso prostaglandin (PG)E(2) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor formation (AHF), uveoscleral outflow (Fu), and total and trabecular outflow facility. METHODS: IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry under ketamine anesthesia after single or twice-daily topical treatments with 8-iso ...

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing effect of latanoprost once daily is at least as good as that of timolol twice daily in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG). DESIGN: Randomized, double-masked, multicenter 12-week study. PARTICIPANTS: In all, 137 patients with unilateral or bilateral CACG were treated with ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the quality and amount of tear, intraocular pressure (IOP) and retrobulbar blood flow velocities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty women aged between 40 and 50 years, free of ocular and systemic diseases and planning to receive HRT were ...

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of jogging on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy individuals-25 athletes and 4 untrained-were studied. IOP, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR were measured before and just after 20 minutes of jogging (submaximal--70%--aerobic exercise). RESULTS: IOP decreased after ...

PURPOSE: To summarize the clinical manifestation of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and to analyze the contributing factors. METHODS: One hundred and six cases (188 eyes) of ocular hypertension in 339 cases (597 eyes) with TAO were collected from 1994 to 2001 and their clinic manifestations were ...