PURPOSE: To assess the effects of hyperopic and myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry. METHODS: Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry pre- and postoperatively in 48 hyperopic eyes (26 patients) and 56 myopic eyes (28 patients). RESULTS: The ...

PURPOSE: Rabbits are commonly used for the evaluation of drugs and surgery to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement is therefore critical in the analysis of data and subsequent extrapolation to humans. The purpose of this study was to establish the most reliable technique, from several ...

To investigate the heritability of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) in an older well-defined population. Family-based cohort study. Through the population-based Salisbury Eye Evaluation study, we recruited 726 siblings (mean age, 74.7 years) in 284 sibships. Intraocular pressure and CDR were measured bilaterally for all participants. The presence ...

AIMS: We conducted a study to compare the accuracy of two commercially available disposable tonometry devices (the acrylic biprism, Tonosafe and the silicone shield, Tonoshield) with the standard Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). METHODS: A total of 80 eyes of 40 patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (40 ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction achieved by the most frequently prescribed glaucoma drugs and a placebo in a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-seven articles reporting on 28 randomized clinical trials. These articles reported 6953 participants for the trough and ...

Open angle glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in industrialised nations. Treatments to lower ocular pressure are widely used in glaucoma prevention and treatment, despite conflicting evidence. We performed meta-analyses to reassess the effectiveness of pressure lowering treatment to delay the development of glaucoma in ocular ...

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine whether the concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) and of chondroitin sulfate (CS) occurring in the normal and the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) trabecular meshwork (TM) influences flow rates in vitro as a function of pressure. METHODS: We tested 100, 500, and 4000 kDa ...

BACKGROUND: The ocular pressure/volume relation, which is described by the Friedenwald equation, forms the basis of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with Schiotz tonometry and measurement of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) with pneumotonometry. Changes in intraocular volume during the cardiac cycle are caused by arterial inflow and venous outflow and ...

AIMS: Pressure phosphene tonometry is said to assess intraocular pressure by inducing a pressure phosphene. This study compared the results of this relatively new technique with Goldmann applanation tonometry. METHODS: A total of 100 patients (196 readings) in a general ophthalmology clinic at Dunedin Hospital who consented to take part ...

We evaluated the effectiveness of latanoprost (Xalatan) monotherapy in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analogue, the pure 15(R) epimer of 13,14-dihydro-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF2alpha-isopropyl ester. As a prodrug it is being activated by enzymatic hydrolysis in the cornea after which it becomes active acid of latanoprost. Latanoprost is lowering ...

PURPOSE: NT-4000 (Nidek Co. Ltd., Gamagori, Japan) is a new non-contact tonometer (NCT) equipped with pulse synchronous measurement function that can measure intraocular pressure (IOP) synchronized with the ocular pulse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of NT-4000 in normal subjects and in patients with glaucoma ...

The objective of this study was to synthesize and evaluate various esters of fadolmidine, a novel alpha2-adrenergic agonist, as potential ophthalmic prodrugs. All studied prodrugs released the parent drug (i.e., fadolmidine) quantitatively via enzymatic hydrolysis in 80% human serum. The pivalyl ester was considered to be the most promising prodrug ...

AIM: The results of a study designed to investigate the predictive value of preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) are reported. The relation between these factors and their effect on the reduction in IOP following phacoemulsification cataract surgery was also studied. METHODS: The ACD and IOP were ...

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by applanation tonometer in glaucomatous, ocular hypertensive, and normal eyes. METHODS: A total of 125 subjects were included in the study. Twenty-six had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), 25 had pseudoexfoliative ...

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost given every evening versus the dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) given twice daily in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients. METHODS: A double-masked, three-center, prospective, randomized, crossover comparison with two 8-week treatment periods following a 4-week medicine free washout period. Diurnal curve ...

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on aqueous humour formation (AHF) and intraocular pressure (IOP) was studied using NO donors, sodium azide (AZ) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Using the porcine arterially perfused eye preparation, drug effects on AHF and IOP were measured by fluorescein dilution and manometry, respectively. Perfusion pressure ...

PURPOSE: To study the time course of changes in circulation in the optic nerve head (ONH) after acute reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and to evaluate the effects of a calcium antagonist, a nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) inhibitor, indomethacin, and sympathetic nerve amputation on the changes in ONH circulation after ...

PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) assessment in post-LASIK patients using non-contact tonometry, pressure phosphene tonometry and applanation tonometry. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive LASIK patients were analysed preoperatively and postoperatively with non-contact, pressure phosphene and applanation tonometry. Comparisons among these values were assessed with paired sample Student t-test, Pearson's correlation test ...

OBJECTIVE: Although the intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important factor related to the onset and progression of glaucoma, there is little evidence on long-term aging effects on IOP. This article examines the changes of IOP over 10 years in normal eyes to assess physiologic changes related to aging. DESIGN: ...

All cells are subject to physical forces by virtue of their position in a dynamically changing environment. This review outlines the various putative 'mechanosensors', or sensors of pressure cells possess, and discusses in particular the role stretch-activated membrane channels play in pressure recognition and transduction. The widespread occurrence of these ...

PURPOSE: To determine the factors associated with central retinal vein pulsation changes in glaucoma and identify any hemiretinal vein pulsation changes and their association with sectoral visual field loss. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six patients with glaucoma and 40 normal subjects had automated perimetry, blood pressure, and intraocular pressure measured. A ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 24-hour efficacy of brimonidine purite versus dorzolamide, each added to latanoprost. DESIGN: Double-masked, 2-center, prospective, crossover comparison. PARTICIPANTS: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects. METHODS: Subjects were randomized to brimonidine purite or dorzolamide, each given twice daily, for the first 6-week treatment period after a 6-week latanoprost ...

BACKGROUND: Recent comparisons between transpalpebral tonometry using TGDc-01 and Goldmann applanation tonometry were performed in populations with IOPs between 10 and 20 mmHg. The purpose of this study was to evaluate device deviations depending on different IOP levels (range 5-40 mmHg). METHODS: A total of 68 eyes of 68 patients ...

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of brimonidine 0.2% and apraclonidine 1% on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size in patients undergoing laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). METHODS: Forty patients (40 eyes) with occludable angle or angle-closure glaucoma requiring LPI were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive either brimonidine 0.2% or apraclonidine ...

PURPOSE: To observe changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), the manner in which the eye is suctioned, and the effect of the number of suction ports. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Suidobashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. METHODS: Suction rings with single or dual ports were made of transparent acrylic acid ...

PURPOSE: To compare glaucoma conversion rates in patients with ocular hypertension (OH) with and without pseudoexfoliation. DESIGN: Cohort study, based on 32,918 screening participants. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Ninety-eight patients with OH and pseudoexfoliation and 98 matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Perimetric glaucoma conversion. METHODS: A population-based glaucoma screening of elderly ...

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of a new patient-operated intraocular pressure tool, the Proview eye pressure monitor (PEPM; Bausch & Lomb, Inc., Rochester, NY), for monitoring intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty eyes of 70 Taiwanese patients from ...

PURPOSE: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is a cosmetically disfiguring and vision-threatening complication of Graves' disease (GD). We investigated the clinical application of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) measurement for detection of clinically active GO. METHODS: In this prospective study, the OBF tonometer (OBF Labs, Wiltshire, UK) was used to measure POBF ...

PURPOSE: To investigate diurnal change and pattern of variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DSP) blood pressures in a group with untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (uPOAG) and compare it with an age-matched, normal group. METHODS: IOP, SBP, and DBP were measured in 14 patients with uPOAG ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the configuration of the drainage angle and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of latanoprost in subjects with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG). DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-seven Asian subjects with CACG. METHODS: Study subjects had participated in a 12-week, randomized, double-masked study ...

PURPOSE: To introduce a hypothesis that theorizes the effect of a trabecular bypass, a channel created through the trabecular meshwork, on the facility of outflow and the intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Equations that govern the pressure and circumferential flow in Schlemm's canal are established, based on the linear relationships between ...

PURPOSE: To identify and quantify the role of capillary leakage of the optic nerve head in digital fluorescein angiography in normal subjects and patients with open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Technical University of Aachen. Thirty patients with primary open-angle ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and several systemic health parameters in Taiwan. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from all participants who had been examined in China Medical University Hospital. A total of 1,271 subjects (mean age, 50.0 +/- ...

The present study was performed to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of nipradilol in combination with latanoprost on ocular normotensive and hypertensive rabbits. IOP was measured using an applanation pneumatonograph under topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride for corneal anesthesia. Ocular hypertension was induced by injection of 0.1 ml ...

The trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-recognized phenomenon consisting of bradycardia, arterial hypotension, apnea, and gastric hypermotility during ocular surgery or other manipulations in and around the orbit. Thus far, it could bee shown that central stimulation of the trigeminal nerve during transsphenoidal surgery and surgery for tumors in the ...

PURPOSE: To analyse comparatively the efficacy and tolerance of latanoprost, travoprost and the fixed combination timolol-dorzolamide in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHOD: Prospective, investigator masked, randomized study that included 38 patients (38 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma uncontrolled under beta blockers. Each patient ...

PURPOSE: To characterize retinal function during a period of acutely elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) across a wide range of IOPs, including those typically observed in animals with experimental glaucoma. METHODS: Unilateral elevation of IOP was achieved manometrically in adult Brown Norway rats (nine experimental groups; n=4-7 in each; 10-100 mmHg ...

BACKGROUND: An irregular corneal surface compromises IOP measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry. In such cases accurate measurement without corneal contact would be desirable. The new eyelid tonometer TGDc-01 measures IOP without corneal contact through the eyelid. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the eyelid tonometer ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of the Oscillatory Potentials (OPs) of Electroretinogram (ERG) caused by short-term hypertension in human subjects, and their relationship with ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). METHODS: Suction cup technique in 12 normal volunteers with OPs simultaneously recording. RESULTS: Scotopic and photopic OPs were altered during OPP drop. ...

BACKGROUND: Unilateral forced nostril breathing (UFNB) has specific measurable effects on the autonomic nervous system. Ocular accommodation, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, would be expected to be under the influence of UFNB when it is applied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ...

AIM: To estimate agreement between measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) by the Tono-Pen and by the Goldmann tonometer. The hypothesis tested was that the mean difference in measurements would be <-2 mmHg. METHODS: A prospective, single-centre, comparison study was carried out. The Tono-Pen was compared to the Goldmann tonometer in ...

AIM: To evaluate the potential preventive role of lacrimal occlusion on the topical timolol-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. METHODS: This was a prospective and single-masked study. Fourteen volunteer subjects with asthma were included. Collagen plugs were inserted into both canaliculi on one side to inhibit lacrimal drainage. The effect of lacrimal ...

We sought to report glaucoma surgery as a possibly protective measure in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). An interventional case report is reported. IOP measurements were taken in patients with progressive glaucoma who had one eye fitted with a glaucoma tube implant and other without ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (D/T) compared to latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with POAG were randomized in an open-label, cross-over study. Intraocular pressure reduction was achieved by 4 weeks medical ...

Silent substitution and selective adaptation techniques were used to obtain full field S-cone and L + M-cone electroretinograms from 18 patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), 9 with normotensive glaucoma (NTG), 18 with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 19 normal controls. Pattern electroretinograms were also recorded, using a reduced ...

BACKGROUND: In an experimental laboratory investigation we compared intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and pneumatonometry (PTG) with intracameral manometry on human cadaver corneas of different hydration conditions. METHODS: Ten freshly enucleated eyes were de-epithelialized. Two tubes were placed in the anterior ...

PURPOSE: To assess systemic and ocular vascular reactivity in response to warm and cold provocation in untreated patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal control subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 22 normal control subjects were subjected to a modified cold pressor test involving immersion of the ...

PURPOSE: To describe the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes resulting from scleral flap suture and scleral flap manipulation in an experimental model of conventional guarded filtration surgery. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Trabeculectomy operations were performed with adjustable sutures on 5 donor human eyes connected to a constant flow infusion and a ...

Impairment of outflow facility in glaucoma causes large intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations that have been shown to be a risk factor for disease progression. The water-drinking provocative test (WDT) has been proposed as an indirect measurement of outflow facility to compare intraocular pressure responses of glaucoma eyes to different drugs. ...

PURPOSE: To determine in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or early glaucoma (EOAG) the change in blood flow measured at the neuroretinal rim of the optic disc in response to a 15-Hz diffuse green luminance flicker, a stimulus that activates predominantly the ganglion cell magnocellular pathway. METHODS: Thirteen patients with ...