In order to study the influence of settlement under gas pressure in bioreactor landfill, the landfill is simplified as a one-way gas seepage field, combining Darcy's Law, the gas equation of state, and the principle of effective stress and fluid dynamics of porous media theory. First assume that the bioreactor ...

Severe storms can pose a grave challenge to the temperature and energy homeostasis of small endothermic vertebrates. Storms are accompanied by lower temperatures and wind, increasing metabolic expenditure, and can inhibit foraging, thereby limiting energy intake. To avoid these potential problems, most endotherms have mechanisms for offsetting the energetic risks ...

Underpads and layers of linens are frequently placed under patients who are incontinent, have other moisture-related issues, and/or are immobile and cannot reposition independently. Many of these patients are also at risk for pressure ulcers and placed on pressure-redistribution surfaces. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects ...

A variety of techniques exist for eliciting acute psychological stress in the laboratory; however, they vary in terms of their ease of use, reliability to elicit consistent responses and the extent to which they represent the stressors encountered in everyday life. There is, therefore, a need to develop simple laboratory ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate microRNAs (miRNAs) in urinary exosomes and their association with an individual's blood pressure response to dietary salt intake. DESIGN AND METHODS: Human urinary exosomal miRNome was examined by microarray. RESULTS: Of 1898 probes tested, 194 miRNAs were found in all subjects tested. 45 miRNAs had significant associations ...

Stress has been proved to acidulate amphoteric molecules and promote an intermolecular proton transfer, which results in a significant absorption and emission change. The stress acidulated amphoteric molecules open a new avenue for developing mechanochromic materials and anticipate many broad applications such as stress/pressure sensors and rewritable media.

Reports an error in "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Physiological Activity During Acute Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Ivan Nyklíček, Paula M. C. Mommersteeg, Sylvia Van Beugen, Christian Ramakers and Geert J. Van Boxtel (Health Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Mar 25, 2013, np). An incorrect reference was mistakenly provided in ...

The principal aim of this study was to determine whether prolonged chronic footshock stress can evoke sustained changes in blood pressure in rats and to elucidate possible underlying neurochemical mechanisms as mediated by the sympathoadrenal system. Adult male Wistar rats instrumented for telemetric recording of arterial pressure, heart rate and ...

Comparing isotropic solids and fluids at either imposed volume or pressure, we investigate various correlations of the instantaneous pressure and its ideal and excess contributions. Focusing on the compression modulus K, it is emphasized that the stress fluctuation representation of the elastic moduli may be obtained directly (without a microscopic ...

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for hypertension and has been shown to affect response to treatment for psychiatric illnesses. PURPOSE: We investigate the relationship between a history of social adversity experience and blood pressure control following antihypertensive medication use. METHODS: A total of 1,186 participants selected from the ...

Deep tissue injuries (DTIs) can become significant problems because of their rapid deterioration into deep pressure ulcers. Presently, no animal model of DTI deterioration has been developed. By concentrating pressure and shear stress in deep tissues while minimising pressure and shear stress in the overlying skin, we produced an effective ...

BACKGROUND: Although some studies mainly from Taiwan, Bangladesh and the United States, have suggested a consistent dose--response increase in the prevalence of hypertension with increasing arsenic exposure, the association between chronic environmental arsenic exposure and the risk of hypertension is still inconclusive. Most of the studies discussed the association from ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of a simple clinical test (posterior vaginal wall pull down maneuver) in the diagnosis of intrinsic sphincter deficiency. METHODS: The present prospective study included 62 women suffering from stress urinary incontinence. Every patient underwent a urogynecological examination including multichannel urodynamic testing (cystometry, urethral pressure ...

Stress urinary incontinence, defined as involuntary loss of urine secondary to an increase in abdominal pressure, represents one of the most significant urological problems. Several animal models to simulate stress urinary incontinence have been presented, including methods to quantify leak point pressure. We have modified an existing leak point pressure ...

Sudden dry-off is an established management practice in the dairy industry. But milk yield has been increasing continuously during the last decades. There is no information whether the dry-off procedure, which often results in swollen and firm udders, causes stress, particularly in high-producing dairy cows. Therefore, we evaluated the effect ...

BACKGROUND : During normal gestation, the placenta is a relatively hypoxic organ and, as such, is subject to significant oxidative stress. In the preeclamptic patient, inadequate remodeling of the maternal vasculature severely exacerbates placental oxidative stress, which has been shown to be an important component of maternal hypertension. There is ...

Yeast cells exposed to adverse conditions employ a number of defense mechanisms in order to respond effectively to the stress effects of reactive oxygen species. In this work, the cellular response of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris to the exposure to the ROS-inducing agents' paraquat, hydrogen peroxide, and increased air ...

We investigated whether occupational role stress is associated with differential levels of the stress hormone cortisol in response to acute psychosocial stress. Forty-three medication-free nonsmoking men aged between 22 and 65 years (mean ± SEM: 44.5 ± 2) underwent an acute standardized psychosocial stress task combining public speaking and mental ...

Background and Objectives: Low blood glucose levels have been associated with a hostile behaviour. The individuals who show aggressiveness and hostility are more likely to develop hypertension and cardiac diseases. The future hypertension has been linked with a high cardiovascular reactivity to stress. We have investigated the association of the ...

AIM: to assess the urethral closure function by urethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) during intra-abdominal pressure-increase in SUI and continent women. METHODS: Twenty-five urodynamically proven SUI women and eight continent volunteer women were assessed by ICIQ-SF, pad-weighing test, incontinence diary, and UPR. UPR was conducted during resting and increased intra-abdominal pressure ...

Objective: The aim was to examine the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention on cardiovascular and cortisol activity during acute stress. Method: Eighty-eight healthy community-dwelling individuals reporting elevated stress levels were randomly assigned to the MBSR protocol or a waitlist control group. Before and after the intervention period ...

Abstract Objective. Urethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) has shown to be superior in evaluating the squeeze function compared to urethral pressure profilometry. The conventional UPR measurement (step method) required up to 15 squeezes to provide one measure of the squeezing opening pressure and one measure of the squeezing elastance. The UPR ...

ObjectiveSmokers often smoke during stressful events, which leads to large increases in cardiovascular measures such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Because exaggerated cardiovascular response to stress is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, this study examined paroxetine's effect on the physiological response to combining stress and smoking.MethodsSixty-two participants ...

Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal ER metabolism. There is accumulating evidence showing that under stress conditions such as Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ER stress), ROS production is increased via enzymes of the NADPH oxidase (Nox)family, especially via the Nox2 and Nox4 isoforms, which are involved in the ...

The application of static high pressure provides a method for precisely controlling and investigating many fundamental and unique properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). This study systematically investigates the high-pressure photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved carrier dynamics of thiol-capped CdTe NCs of different sizes, at different concentrations, and in various stress environments. ...

Climate change is reshaping biological communities against a background of existing human pressures. Evaluating the impacts of multiple stressors on community dynamics can be particularly challenging in species-rich ecosystems, such as coral reefs. Here, we investigate whether life-history strategies and co-tolerance to different stressors can predict community responses to fishing ...

Tissue ischemia is thought to play a major role in the development of pressure ulcers. Pressure, shear, and temperature are acknowledged contributors, but the relative magnitude of each factor is largely unknown. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on the sacrums of four healthy volunteers to estimate the relative contributions ...

AIM: The ability to maintain arterial blood pressure when faced with a postural challenge has implications for the occurrence of syncope and falls. It has been suggested that posture-induced declines in the mechanical component of the baroreflex response drive reductions in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity associated with postural stress. However, these ...

The quantitative model proposed here for nanoimprinting by thermoplastic compression molding is focused on bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), but it is also applicable to polymers and other thermoplastic materials. In our model the flow and pressure fields are evaluated using the lubrication theory, and the effect of molding pressure, BMG ...

Humans are at risk from exposure to extremes in their environment, yet there is no consistent way to fully quantify and understand the risk when considering more than just meteorological variables. An outdoor 'bio-comfort' threshold is defined for Melbourne, Australia using a combination of heat stress, air particulate concentration and ...

INTRODUCTION:: Fat grafting has become routine in Plastic surgery due to low donor site morbidity, low complication rate, and fast recovery time. The optimal technique, however, has yet to be defined. Two critical variables are pressure and shear, both defined as force divided by area. In this study, we examined ...

OBJECTIVE:: Acute slow breathing (SLOWB) affects sympathetic cardiovascular regulation, but its long-term effects are unknown. Using device-guided breathing we explored short-term and long-term SLOWB effects on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in essential hypertension. METHODS:: We measured BP, HR and MSNA in 10 ...

The Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) is responsible for losses of up to 25% of crops such as mango and citrus fruits in Central America and México. The larval life cycle of A. ludens comprises three stages with a duration ranging from 3 to 8 days. Because of the damage ...

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhalation of Salvia sclarea (clary sage; clary) or Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil vapors on autonomic nervous system activity in female patients with urinary incontinence undergoing urodynamic assessment. Study design, location, and subjects: This study was a ...

Objective. High-normal blood pressure (BP) increases the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The mechanisms underlying this increased risk are not clear. Sympathetic activation appears to be a potential mechanism linking high-normal BP to CV disease. This study examined whether high-normal BP compared with optimal BP is linked to sympathoexcitation at ...

The respiratory chemoreflex is known to be modified during orthostatic stress though the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. To detremine the potential role of cerebral hypoperfusion, we examined the relationship between changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean) and pulmonary ventilation (VE) from supine control to ...

The genetic basis of the stress-sensitive arterial hypertension was investigated using the quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach. Two groups of F(2) (inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension [ISIAH] × Wistar albino Glaxo [WAG]) hybrid males of different age (3-4 months old and 6 months old) were tested for blood pressure at rest ...

We describe experiments that probe the evolution of shear jammed states, occurring for packing fractions ϕ_{S}≤ϕ≤ϕ_{J}, for frictional granular disks, where above ϕ_{J} there are no stress-free static states. We use a novel shear apparatus that avoids the formation of inhomogeneities known as shear bands. This fixed ϕ system exhibits ...

Upon perception of a stimulus as stressful, the human brain reacts with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), to mobilize energy resources to better cope with the stressor. Since the perception of the stressor is the initial stimulus, a synchronicity between the subjective ...

Patients with a myocardial bridge (MB) and no significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) may experience angina presumably from ischemia, but noninvasive assessment has been limited and the underlying mechanism poorly understood. This study seeks to correlate a novel exercise echocardiography (EE) finding for MBs with invasive structural and hemodynamic ...

Injection of Algisyl-LVR, a treatment under clinical development, is intended to treat patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. This treatment was recently used for the first time in patients who had symptomatic heart failure. In all patients, cardiac function of the left ventricle (LV) improved significantly, as manifested by consistent reduction of ...

Hypertension is a multifactorial disorder, which has been associated with the reduction in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and autonomic dysfunction. Several studies have revealed that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, following activation of type 1 receptor (AT1R) by Angiotensin-(Ang) II, the main peptide ...

Shirodhara is a classical and a well-established ayurvedic procedure of slowly and steadily dripping medicated oil or other liquids on the forehead. This procedure induces a relaxed state of awareness that results in a dynamic psycho-somatic balance. The objective of the study is to evaluate the psychological and physiological effects ...

Objectives.Although higher quality marriages are associated with better health outcomes, less is known about the mechanisms accounting for this association. This study examines links among marital/partner quality, stress, and blood pressure and considers both main and moderating effects.Method.Participants from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 1,854; ...

To investigate whether stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity could be alleviated by electroacupuncture (EA) and whether EA effect was mediated by endogenous opiates. Six to nine week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Visceral hypersensitivity was induced by a 9-d heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) protocol composed of 3 randomly stressors, ...

The bactericidal effect of acidified sodium nitrite alone or when combined with high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP) was examined with Escherichia coli BW25113 and Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994. A powerful synergistic effect of HHP plus nitrite was observed at pH 4.0 but not at higher pH values. E. coli hmpA ...

Recent experiments reveal an unexpected dip of the shear stress as the shear rate increases, from the rate-independent regime to Bagnold flow. Employing granular solid hydrodynamics, it is shown that in uniform systems, such dips occur for given pressure or normal stress, but not for given density. If the shear ...

The objective of our study was to study the effect of danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine known to prevent hypertension, on the zero-stress state of rat's abdominal aorta. The zero-stress state of a blood vessel represents the release of residual stress on the vessel wall, and is the basic configuration ...

BACKGROUND:: Essential hypertension is associated with chronic exposure to high levels of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. However, early signs of risk for developing hypertension remain unclear in people exposed to chronic low-to-moderate inorganic arsenic. OBJECTIVE:: We evaluated cardiovascular stress reactivity and recovery in healthy, normotensive, middle-aged men living in ...

Estrogen may influence coronary heart disease risk in women through the effects of endogenous opioids on autonomic control of blood pressure. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we examined the combined effects of estrogen and the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, on blood pressure responses to psychological stress in 42 postmenopausal women. After ...