The greater sensitivity of echocardiography than electrocardiography has revealed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to occur in a significant minority of patients with systemic hypertension, with the exact prevalence dependent both on how a population is selected and on the sex. race, and possibly age composition of its members. LVH is ...

The characteristics of the increased calcium (Ca) influx observed in metabolically depleted red blood cells (RBCs) of hypertensive patients were investigated. Twenty-four normotensives, 16 untreated essential hypertensives, and 10 essential hypertensives under sufficient blood pressure control by 50-100 mg/day atenolol were studied. Free intracellular concentrations of Ca, sodium (Na), and ...

The metabolism of phosphoinositides was investigated in erythrocyte membranes of essential hypertensive patients, normotensive offspring of hypertensive patients and matched controls. Measurement of 32P-labelling of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate revealed no differences in the rate of incorporation of the isotope in essential hypertensive patients compared with controls. In the ...

Blood pressure, volume distensibility (VD), and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the brachial artery were studied using pulsed Doppler systems in 51 patients with sustained essential hypertension in comparison with 21 normotensive controls of the same age. In hypertensive patients, in baseline conditions, CSA was significantly increased and VD decreased--the two ...

Sustained-release diltiazem (D-SR) and sustained-release verapamil (V-SR) when given twice a day have been successfully used to treat both essential hypertension and angina pectoris. Review of available studies indicates that 120 to 180 mg D-SR twice a day and 240 mg V-SR once or twice a day can lower diastolic ...

Chiropractors share the responsibility of primary contact practitioners for hypertension case management. Once mild essential hypertension has been diagnosed, the patient may be placed on either a dietary or drug antihypertension regime. The effectiveness of various dietary interventions in the management of hypertensive patients is discussed, and recommendations for the ...

The effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure was studied in three groups: eight normotensive subjects, 14 borderline essential hypertensive subjects, and 11 established essential hypertensive subjects (EEH). All subjects were outpatients and were given 6 g of calcium lactate (779 mg of elemental calcium) daily for 16 weeks. In ...

The effects of the rapid infusion of large doses of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) were studied to clarify the clinical usefulness of its vasodilating action in 32 middle-aged patients, who underwent various types of surgery and developed systolic hypertension of over 160 mmHg during general anaesthesia. DBcAMP was given i.v. ...

Nonrestricted blood pressure recording was performed invasively or noninvasively, using new portable devices, for a period of 24 hours in 4 patients with essential hypertension before and after 6- to 17-day treatment with ramipril at an initial dosage of 1.25 mg daily. Ramipril produced a steady decrease in blood pressure ...

The presence of hypertension in domestic animals is poorly described. Values for hypertension were established in dogs using a direct blood pressure measurement. A protocol was devised to recognize and characterize primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension was associated with marked elevations in blood pressure and can be shown ...

Erythrocyte membrane Na+,K+-ATPase activity was measured using a bioluminescence technique in 28 hypertensive patients (24 with essential hypertension, 2 with renovascular hypertension and 2 with hypertension secondary to primary hyperaldosteronism) and in 28 normotensive control subjects matched for age and sex. Erythrocyte Na+,K+-ATPase activity was significantly reduced in the patients ...

A 31-year-old obese man with essential hypertension developed progressive optic disc edema despite mild-to-moderate elevations of his blood pressure. Neurologic evaluation, including cranial axial tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance scan, and lumbar puncture, was unremarkable. Further evaluation revealed that the patient had sleep apnea syndrome. In contrast to the few patients ...

In essential hypertension and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, there are indications for a yet unidentified vasopressor agent which may play an important role in pathogenesis. It has been demonstrated in the spontaneously hypertensive rat by parabiosis, cross-circulation, cross-transplantation of kidneys and by injection of hypertensive plasma fractions. In plasma ...

This paper presents a review of the genetic transmission of normal blood pressure and of essential hypertension. Familial aggregation of normal blood pressure has been reported in adults, in children and even in newborns. Blood pressure aggregation phenomenon, however, is the result of both a genetic component and shared environmental ...

Reduced aortic distensibility and compliance may participate in the genesis of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension. In patients with borderline hypertension, indices of aortic distensibility are often altered, but are poorly related to the degree of septal hypertrophy, which is considered to be a marker of cardiac hypertrophy in this particular ...

The hemodynamic changes caused by ketanserin, an anti-hypertensive agent with S2-serotonergic receptor and alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking properties, are reviewed in patients with essential hypertension. The hemodynamic profile associates a decrease in total peripheral resistance, an unchanged cardiac output, and a modest reflex cardiac stimulation. Whether the drug reverses the other ...

The plasma levels of a sodium pump inhibitor (Na+ PI) were measured by a modified method of Hamlyn et al, using dog kidney Na+, K+-ATPase. When the level of Na+ PI was expressed as the % inhibition of the enzyme and compared with that of a control solution, it was ...

Blood samples from 257 hypertensive patients and 180 normotensive controls were analysed for their association with haptoglobin levels and phenotypes. Compared to controls, patients with Hp 2-2 phenotype showed a significantly increased risk for essential hypertension (p less than 0.001) and hypertension associated with ischaemic heart disease (p less than ...

Blood rheology was studied in 50 patients with a long history of essential hypertension, together with severe left heart hypertrophy (mass-volume relationship greater than 1.6) and angina pectoris, as well as in 17 patients with renoparenchymal hypertension. The rheologic findings were compared with those of 34 normotensive patients in whom ...

During three-month therapy with small doses of guanfacine (Estulic Sandoz) that were sufficient to control blood pressure in patients with stage II essential hypertension and led to a decrease in excretion of noradrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, the authors found a decrease in the level of blood cholesterol in patients with ...

The pharmacokinetics and depressor effect of a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, delapril, was assessed by administering a single dose of 30 mg to nine patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Orally administered delapril is a prodrug and must be deesterified to its active metabolites, delapril diacid and 5-hydroxy delapril ...

22 patients with untreated, essential hypertension (diastolic blood-pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg) and in most cases also showing neurological symptoms were given a single oral dose of 400 mg labetalol. All patients displayed a gradual decrease of the blood-pressure down to a diastolic pressure about 110 mmHg ...

The present study was aimed to examine the excretory urinary Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) pattern in five normotensive and ten hypertensive human subjects. It was observed that Essential hypertensive subjects excreted higher urinary ADH 8.03 +/- 1.17 mU/hr as compared to 3.60 +/- 0.72 mU/hr the difference between the two ...

The atriopeptins are newly discovered cardiac-derived peptides whose observed actions suggest a role in volume homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Studies in animal models are underway to pinpoint pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of hypertension, some of which may well be shared by humans with "essential" hypertension. Preliminary observations ...

Essential hypertension (EH) in dogs is a relatively recently reported phenomenon. In this colony the canine disorder follows family lines and has a probable polygenic mode of inheritance, although the specific mode of inheritance has not been defined since an autosomal dominant trait has not clearly been ruled out. Direct ...

The objective of this project is to characterize a genetically determined model of essential hypertension in dogs. A pair of unrelated dogs with essential hypertension were identified. Breeding of these dogs and back-cross matings have resulted in 24 offspring, approximately half of which have essential hypertension (systolic blood pressure 170 ...

The effect of antihypertensive treatment with 6-12 mg of the loop diuretic piretanide over 12 weeks on Na+-Li+ countertransport, and on extra- and intracellular electrolyte composition was studied in 10 previously untreated patients with essential hypertension. These data were compared with 10 sex- and age-matched controls. Blood pressure fell from ...

An indirect approach for the study of the changes in the incremental circumferential modulus (E) of the brachial artery after arteriolar vasodilatation was undertaken in patients with sustained essential hypertension. The product of E and the thickness (h) of the arterial wall was evaluated by means of the Moens-Korteweg equation ...

Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and brachial arterial hemodynamics have been studied in 15 patients with sustained essential hypertension. The hemodynamic study was performed by using a pulsed Doppler device enabling evaluation of the diameter of the brachial artery with an error of less than 10%. After intravenous administration until ...

Systemic haemodynamics, plasma catecholamine levels and diurnal variation of arterial pressure were studied in a 20-year-old patient with hypertension during Guillain Barré syndrome after complete resolution of the illness. Transient arterial hypertension during the course of Guillain Barré syndrome is characterized by an increased total peripheral resistance associated with elevated ...

The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in human essential hypertension is uncertain. Echocardiography was used to calculate left ventricular wall thickness (WT), relative wall thickness (t/r) and left ventricular mass (LVM) in 52 normal subjects, 30 patients with borderline hypertension and 33 untreated patients with essential hypertension. In 52 ...

The essential oil obtained from the plant Blumea membranacea produced a marked and long lasting fall in blood pressure in anaesthetized dogs. The oil exerted a direct depressant action on frog heart and spasmolytic effect on rabbit ileum. It also depressed the conditioned avoidance response, adversely affected rotarod performance and ...

Research on calcium antagonists has been prompted by the observation that the powerful vasodilatory effect of verapamil, as well as other calcium antagonists, is enhanced in hypertensive patients. Increased vascular resistance, seen in most types of hypertension, is determined by the intracellular free calcium concentration. The finding of an increased ...

The effect of propranolol on baroreflex control of heart rate was studied in 12 young patients with essential hypertension and was compared with that of 12 age-matched normotensive subjects. Resting heart rate and cardiac index in patients with essential hypertension were significantly higher than those of control subjects (p less ...

Generalized arteriolar vasoconstriction is the dominant element in essential hypertension. Although the proximate cause of this process remains elusive, several lines of evidence suggest that abnormalities in prostaglandin and thromboxane metabolism may contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Diminished endogenous synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins and enhanced formation of the vasoconstrictor ...

Vasopressin secretion is stimulated by hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, or hypotension and is inhibited by hypoosmolality, hypervolemia, or hypertension. These osmotic and hemodynamic influences are mediated by neuronal afferents that originate in separate osmoreceptors or baroreceptors but ultimately converge to act on the same neurosecretory neurons. Functionally, the two control systems are ...

Blood rheology was studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and essential hypertension (EH), and the results were correlated with in vivo hemodynamic functions. Blood viscosity (eta B) was elevated as a result of sequential changes of a number of parameters, including increases in hematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and alpha ...

An exaggerated, early prolactin response (p less than 0.01) was observed in ten patients with untreated essential hypertension (148 +/- 4/97 +/- 1 mmHg, means +/- SE) compared with ten healthy normotensive men of the same age (124 +/- 3/78 +/- 2 mmHg) after administration of metoclopramide, a competitive dopamine ...

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T ...

Inhibition of the ouabain-sensitive Na-K-ATPase by digoxin significantly decreases erythrocyte deformability (5). Since first a decrease in this transport system has been discussed as a pathogenetic factor in the development of essential hypertension and second an increase in blood viscosity, due to an increased hematocrit has been observed in elderly ...

Cadmium and Zinc levels were determined in 100 patients of Essential hypertension by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. It was shown that the mean levels of Serum cadmium were 43.34% +/- 6.5% higher and zinc were 28.42% +/- 5.4% lower in hypertensive when compared with normotensive controls. A statistically significant relationship between ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate together the main hemorheologic parameters and one of the transmembrane ion transport systems in erythrocytes of subjects with normal and elevated blood pressure. Three sex-, age-, and weight-matched groups consisting of 15 normotensive subjects (NT) with no parental hypertension, 15 patients with ...

In this paper, the long-term effects of the ancient Chinese formula of San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang on patients with essential hypertension were reported. San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang could significantly improve the hyperkinetic states of the cardiovascular system, improve the accompanying sympathetic symptoms, lower serum norepinephrine and have no apparent side effects.

There is considerable evidence to suggest that the transport of Na+ ions across cell membranes is reduced in essential hypertension. The contribution of this abnormality to the development of elevated blood pressure remains unknown. We have observed similar abnormalities in erythrocytes from normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus and suggest that ...

The object of this study was to test taste responsiveness and taste preferences for NaCl in suprathreshold concentrations in hypertensive individuals. The investigations were carried out in 52 patients with essential hypertension (HT) and 46 normotensive (NT) control subjects. Two types of taste response were tested: (a) an intensity response, ...

Changes in amplifying capacities of the hypertrophied heart and resistance vessels account for the characteristic evolution of haemodynamic patterns in the course of essential hypertension. Reversal of hypertrophy in established essential hypertension requires prolonged control of blood pressure. Redevelopment of hypertension on stopping drug therapy is slowest if there has ...

The etiology of essential hypertension has been under intensive investigation for a number of years, and the availability of a number of rat models of this disease has aided our understanding of the relationship between abnormalities in cardiovascular regulatory function and hypertension. It is accepted that abnormalities at a number ...

Time indices and volumetric parameters were investigated in patients with essential hypertension subdivided into three groups according to the WHO stage classification. The ratio of ejection time (ET) and pre-ejection period (PEP), ET/PEP remained within normal range in WHO-I but decreased significantly in WHO-II and reached extremely low values in ...

We report the development of a method for obtaining right-ventricular radionuclide angiograms using continuous peripheral intravenous infusion of the ultra-short-lived nuclide krypton-81m. This tracer has a half-life of 13 sec, emits a single 190-keV photon, and is extremely insoluble. During infusion into a peripheral vein, Kr-81m achieves stable count rates ...

In the Spring and Summer of 1982 the Second Connecticut Blood Pressure Survey (CBPS-II) was completed. This survey is independent of, but essentially identical in design and implementation to the First Connecticut Blood Pressure Survey reported on by Freeman et al. [1]. This paper compares the results of the two ...