OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of sinorphan, an orally active inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11. DESIGN: The ability of sinorphan (100 mg twice a day) to lower blood pressure was compared with that of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (25 mg twice a day) using a ...

Depressed baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered an indication of decreased vagal and/or increased sympathetic tone. To determine the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on BRS after AMI we studied 27 patients with a first Q wave AMI, no signs of heart failure and ...

The effects of long-term treatment with a novel angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, trandolapril, on ACE activity and cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) were examined and compared with those of captopril and enalapril. Left coronary artery ligation of rats resulted in decreases in mean arterial ...

INTRODUCTION: Losartan potassium, an orally active, highly selective AT1 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor, effectively reduces blood pressure by direct receptor blockade, thereby lessening the likelihood of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-associated side effects such as dry cough or possibly angioedema. STUDY DESIGN: In this multinational, double-blind, randomized, parallel study, the ...

Delapril is a carboxy-alkyl-dipeptide mainly converted in animals and humans to an active diacid derivative (M-I), which in turn is converted to an active 5-hydroxy-indane diacid (M-III). In humans these metabolites are excreted in the urine. The presence of the indanyl-glycine moiety gives delapril a high lipophilicity, greater than several ...

In this study delapril and captopril were compared in outpatients with congestive heart failure (CHF), New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III and IV, in a double-blind study of efficacy and safety. Efficacy was evaluated by monitoring changes in the NYHA classification, exercise work, hemodynamic parameters, Kostuk's classification, and clinical ...

Mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), whole body vascular compliance (C), and unstressed blood volume (USV) are important indexes of cardiovascular function in mammals, but they have not been measured in fish. In the present experiments, dorsal aortic (PDA) and sinus venosus (PSV) pressures were measured in unanesthetized trout before and ...

1. The mechanism underlying the foetal toxicity induced by captopril is not well understood. Since bradykinin and angiotensin II appear to be important in the regulation of the placental circulation, experiments were performed to assess the effects of captopril on the vascular actions of these peptides on the human foetal ...

Chronic heart failure (CHF) impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of large conductance arteries. We investigated whether a similar reduction also occurs in small arteries, and whether such a reduction can be prevented by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (P) in a rat model of CHF (left coronary artery ligation). After 1 ...

Spirapril is a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug which is converted to the active metabolite spiraprilat following oral administration, and which has been evaluated primarily for the treatment of hypertension. In dose-finding studies of patients with mild to severe hypertension, spirapril > or = 6 mg once daily ...

We have recently shown that the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene is linked to NaCl-loaded blood pressure in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), and that high-NaCl loading selectively stimulates ACE in the aorta of SHRSP but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We therefore investigated the relationship between ...

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are now widely used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They are of particular value in treating hypertensive patients with left ventricular dysfunction, and in diabetics where they have been shown to delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Differences in the metabolism, pharmacokinetics, ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition on cardiac systolic and diastolic parameters and left ventricular muscle mass in hypertensive patients. For this purpose 30 patients (22 female and eight male) with mild to moderate essential hypertension, aged 47 +/- 2 ...

To find out if there are one or more criteria to guide selection among the ACE inhibitors for the treatment of arterial hypertension, we have reviewed the principal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of the more frequently used agents of this class of antihypertensive drugs. Among the pharmacokinetic aspects that we ...

A randomized, prospective, clinical trial has been initiated to continue follow-up in a subset of the patients previously enrolled in the recently completed Study of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (ACEi) in Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy. In that study, the use of captopril was associated with a 48% reduction in the risk ...

The parameter deceleration vs. acceleration (dc/ac) as derived from the instantaneous peak velocity is obtained by dividing the descending and ascending slopes of plotted velocity curves. Blood velocities were recorded with a specially designed continuous-wave ultrasonic Doppler unit which provides: the instantaneous peak velocity, the instantaneous mean velocity, the acceleration, ...

Our aim was to investigate possible abnormalities in postprandial hemodynamic changes in hypertensives treated with different vasodilating drugs, calcium antagonists, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Eleven healthy subjects and 22 hypertensive patients effectively treated with an angio tensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (n = 9) or calcium antagonists (n = 13) were ...

Recent studies have demonstrated that the feeding of low protein diets to rats during pregnancy induces hypertension in their offspring. Maternal-diet-induced hypertension has been previously associated with elevated pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. In the present study, the importance of the renin angiotensin system, and in particular ACE, in ...

Preoperative use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is common and has been associated with hypotension at separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study prospectively examined the influence of chronic preoperative ACE inhibitor use and other perioperative factors on the incidence of vasoconstrictor therapy required to maintain systolic blood pressure at ...

From pharmacological investigations and clinical studies, it is known that ACE inhibitors exhibit additional local actions that are not related to hemodynamic changes and that cannot be explained only by interference with the renin-angiotensin system by means of an inhibition of ANG II formation. Because ACE is identical to kininase ...

1. The effects of a single oral dose of enalapril 10 mg on serum ACE activity and blood pressure in relation to the ACE genotype were studied in 27 healthy men, n = 9 each of genotype DD, ID and II, in a parallel group study design. 2. Before treatment ...

Dextran-sulfate (DS) cellulose used for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis seems to be a weak activator of the contact phase of the intrinsic coagulation pathway because the surface of this substance has negative charges. Heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant, has no effect on this process whereas the process is inhibited by ...

We examined whether a specific aminopeptidase P (APP) inhibitor, apstatin, increases vasodepressor responses to bradykinin in anaesthetized rats, and whether it would augment blood pressure responses further after treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), lisinopril. Apstatin doubled the maximum blood pressure response to bradykinin. The area under the curve ...

The aim of this study was to compare the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with calcium channel blockade in a model combining genetic hypertension with diabetes. Streptozotocin diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were then randomized to receive no treatment, the ACE inhibitor, ...

ACE-inhibitors are known to have special renal effects, i.e. they increase ERPF, decrease the filtration fraction and lower proteinuria. These effects can be due to a decrease in angiotensin II (AII) levels as well as an increase in bradykinin. New and more specific AII-receptor antagonists may help to distinguish between ...

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) -inhibitors inhibit degradation of inflammatory mediators substance P (SP) and bradykinin, which may further stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandins. The resulting increase in inflammatory mediators in tissues is suggested to be the reason for the dry cough, involving sensory C-fiber activation, among patients receiving ACE-inhibitor therapy. ...

Studies on the effect of antihypertensive agents on resistance arteries in hypertensive patients have in the past yielded inconclusive results regarding the ability of these drugs to induce a regression toward normal of either the structure or the function of these critically important vessels. We have recently compared the effects ...

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is involved in the metabolism of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is involved in the metabolism of angiotensin I; both enzymes participate in bradykinin metabolism. RB 105 is a new dual inhibitor which inhibits both peptidases, NEP (Ki = 1.7 nM) and ACE (Ki ...

The effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (SQ 14225) on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied. Four groups were analyzed: group A, ten control subjects; group B, ten hypertensive patients with normal IOP; group C, ten normotensive patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG); and group D, ten ...

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of chronic captopril treatment on blood pressure in young and adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to assess the time course for development of hypertension after captopril withdrawal. SHR received drinking water or captopril solution from 4 weeks of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the renin-angiotensin system in a model of acute heart failure. METHODS: Placebo or drugs (Ro 44-9375, a renin inhibitor; captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor; or DuP 532, an angiotensin II receptor [AT1] antagonist) were given to anesthetized splenectomized dogs (n = 12 for ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there are quantitative differences between the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors enalapril and lisinopril with respect to their influence on renal versus systemic hemodynamics in humans. METHODS: This was a 12-month, single-blind crossover study in which eight patients with essential hypertension were examined. The main outcome ...

To clarify whether angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent progressive renal injury directly by their antihypertensive effect we administered the ACE inhibitor lisinopril to male MWF/Ztm rats as a single daily dose that lowered blood pressure for only 9 of 24 h. We investigated the effects of this treatment in ...

Distensibility and compliance are large artery properties that may be important in cardiovascular disease. Distensibility is a determinant of the pulsatile stress on the vessel wall and is thought to be important in atherosclerotic disease. Compliance reflects the buffering capacity of the arteries and is a major determinant of afterload ...

INTRODUCTION: Angiotensin II has both central nervous system and peripheral effects on autonomic function. Ramipril is among the more lipophilic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and hence can penetrate the central nervous system readily. METHODS: We investigated whether rampiril has selective effects on autonomic control of the circulation in human ...

AIM: To validate and compare the 24-hour antihypertensive efficacy of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, captopril and lisinopril. METHODS: A randomised, doubleblind, doubledummy crossover study was performed with single-blind placebo run-in and washout periods and titration opportunities during therapeutic phases (captopril 25mg, 50mg and 100mg daily, lisinopril 10mg, 20mg and 40mg daily). ...

OBJECTIVE: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) release and the renal response to moderate volume expansion have been shown to be conserved in rats with a mild to moderate degree of high output heart failure (aortocaval shunt). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these variables are also conserved in ...

BACKGROUND: The role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in patients with coronary artery disease without concomitant disease such as heart failure or hypertension has not been elucidated. In this double-blind, cross-over, randomized trial of the ACE inhibitor captopril, its antianginal and anti-ischemic effects were studied during monotherapy and in ...

The Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS) is an ongoing, multicentre, prospective randomized intervention trial of therapy of hypertension (> or = 160 and/or > or = 90 mmHg) in Type 2 diabetic patients. It compares tight blood pressure control (aim: < 150/85 mmHg) versus less tight control (aim: < 180/105 ...

This study was planned to clarify the effects of captopril administration on the autonomic control of the circulation in conscious dogs and in dynamic conditions using spectral analysis of R-R interval and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities. Changes in sympathovagal balance modulating the sinoatrial (SA) node were inferred, respectively, from ...

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in patients with essential hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine whether long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in forearm resistance vessels of patients with hypertension. Furthermore, since tissue thiols may be relevant to nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, we queried whether an ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Captopril on ambulatory blood pressure, renal and cardiac function and extracellular volume in microalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients. DESIGN: Randomized, double blind placebo controlled study of two years duration. SETTING: University clinic. PATIENTS: Twenty-two patients without hypertension. INTERVENTION: Patients received 50 mg Captopril or ...

BACKGROUND: Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have become a mainstay of treatment for chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), it is not known whether the cardiac remodeling effects are a secondary phenomenon, resulting from ACE inhibitors' hemodynamic actions of afterload reduction, or occur through an independent mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: We ...

Following systemic absorption, quinapril is converted by de-esterification to quinaprilat (the active diacid metabolite), an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Pharmacodynamic studies in animals indicate inhibition of ACE both in plasma and at tissue sites, such as the arterial wall and heart, following administration of quinapril. Tissue ACE inhibition ...

1. Twenty-four elderly patients with stable, chronic congestive heart failure, NYHA II-IV, requiring addition of an ACE inhibitor to their existing therapy were randomised to receive double-blind a single dose of quinapril 2.5 mg p.o. or matching placebo after 24-48 h supervised diuretic withdrawal. 2. The effect of treatment on ...

Several trials have showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors possess some extent of antiarrhythmic properties. To evaluate the effects of Enalaprilat on His bundle recording, patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiogram due to angina pectoris and a positive thallium exercise test subsequently underwent His bundle electrogram. A double-blind crossover protocol was used ...

PURPOSE: To review the hemodynamic effects of the various classes of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system. DATA PRESENTATION: First, hemodynamic alterations related to inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system were defined. Second, some comparative studies on the various types of inhibitors were examined. RESULTS: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of standard therapy (diuretic, beta-blocker or both) with those of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with quinapril on renal function and urinary albumin excretion in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: A 1-year, placebo-controlled, randomly allocated study was conducted in a group of 40 patients with ...

1. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors are independent of a fall in blood pressure in rat experimental heart failure following coronary ligation. 2. The animals were assigned randomly to six groups; sham operation, controls subjected to coronary ligation ...

Trandolapril is a non-sulfhydryl prodrug which, after oral administration, is hydrolysed in the liver to its active diacid, trandolaprilat. Trandolaprilat inhibits the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and displays similar pharmacodynamic properties to other ACE inhibitors, improving haemodynamic and cardiac parameters in patients with essential hypertension. Trandolapril 2 to 4mg once ...