Little consideration has been given to how farm management, specifically tactics used to implement the management strategy, may influence the carbon footprint (CF) and land use for milk produced on commercial farms. In this study, the CF and land use of milk production from 18 Irish commercial dairy farms were ...

This research aimed to evaluate sow welfare and identify potential welfare compromise in specific group housing systems for sows in New Zealand. The relationship between overall welfare outcome on-farm and sow productivity was also investigated. Twenty commercial farms were chosen to represent the spectrum of layouts and management practices of ...

Mammary inflammation in dairy cows is a widespread problem in dairy farming resulting in significant economic and welfare concerns. Dolisovet(®) (Belladonna 1dH, Calendula MT, Echinacea 1dH, Dulcamara 1cH) a homeopathic medicine, licensed in France and indicated for the restoration of mammary function in cows is presented as a 10 g tube ...

Most dairy cows throughout the world are milked twice daily. In intensive dairying systems, however, it is not uncommon to increase milking frequency to between 3 and 6 times daily to increase milk production. Reducing milking frequency is much less common; however, once-daily milking of dairy cows, practiced either strategically ...

In 2008, the state of New York required substance use disorder treatment organizations to be 100% tobacco-free. This longitudinal study examined clinicians' perceptions of the implementation extensiveness of the tobacco-free practices approximately 10-12 months (Time 1) and 20-24 months (Time 2) post regulation and investigated whether clinicians' commitment to change and use ...

ABSTRACT: First Paragraph - article has no abstract. The Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine was founded in 1959, and its first congress was held in 1960, with fewer than 100 members. The society has grown tremendously since then, both in terms of scope and size. In 2012, we had 3,600 ...

BACKGROUND: The captive elephant population is not self-sustaining and with a limited number of breeding bulls, its genetic diversity is in decline. One way to overcome this is to import young and healthy animals from the wild. We introduce here a more sustainable alternative method - importation of semen from ...

In the face of a steady decline in dairy cow fertility over several decades, using hormones to assist reproduction has become common. In the European Union, hormones are prescription-only medicines, giving veterinary practitioners a central role in their deployment. This study explored the clinical and ethical beliefs of practitioners, and ...

Farmers attempting to reduce first-calving age (FCA) need to understand which rearing management factors influence FCA and first-lactation milk production (FLP). Reduced FCA might be associated with lower FLP. This study describes the association between herd FCA, FLP, and several herd-level health and rearing management variables and describes the association ...

This study evaluated effects of farming practice scenarios aiming to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and subsequent alternative land use on environmental impacts of a beef cattle production system using the life cycle assessment approach. The baseline scenario includes a standard cow-calf herd with finishing heifers based on grazing, and ...

This year marks not only 150 years since the launch of Journal of Internal Medicine (previously Acta Medica Scandinavica), but also 50 years since the discovery of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], an enigmatic protein that has mystified medical scientists ever since. In this issue, we celebrate this event by publishing a ...

A questionnaire to obtain information on nematode control practices and sheep management was sent to over 1000 farmers in Northern Ireland. Replies were received from 305 flock owners, and data from 252 of them were analysed. Farms were divided into lowland and upland areas. Sizes of pasture and stocking rates ...

A survey on dairy production in family dairy farms in the northwest of Santa Catarina, Brazil, was carried out to assess husbandry practices and elements of the living environment that may influence animal welfare and productivity. Three farm systems common in the region were compared: extensive, pasture-based, and semi-intensive. Data ...

To achieve optimal reproductive performance in pig herds, sows need to become pregnant as soon as possible after weaning. The aim of this study was to investigate herd and management factors associated with reproductive performance of sows after weaning. A questionnaire pertaining to sow management at weaning and herd reproductive ...

One hundred years ago, in October 1912, Alexis Carrel received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He was not yet 40 years old and was the youngest recipient at that time, as well as being only the third surgeon to receive this award. Indeed, to the present day only ...

Factors associated with time to clearance of mycoplasma mastitis were studied in 18 dairy cattle herds. Most herds cleared mycoplasma mastitis within 1 month; < 50% of the herds culled diseased cows preferentially, yet culling was not associated with hastened clearance. Other known mastitis biosecurity and management practices were not ...

The prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) was determined in 113 Michigan dairy herds by ELISA testing for anti-BLV antibodies in milk. Additionally, an interview regarding management practices with cooperating herd managers identified farm-level variables thought to be associated with prevalence of BLV. Twenty-three risk factors (P ⩽ 0·1) were identified on ...

The objective of this review is to address the reproductive issues arising from different dairy management systems by describing divergent systems and comparing their reproductive outcomes. The increasing global demand for dairy products has led to the majority of the world's milk being produced in intensive management systems. This intensification ...

A study was conducted in order to obtain information about sheep farms in Norway and to identify housing and management characteristics that were risk factors for neonatal mortality of lambs 0-5 days of age. A questionnaire was submitted to sheep farmers, who provided demographic data and information on sheep housing ...

Stereotypic behaviors, indicating poor welfare and studied in a variety of species (especially carnivores), appear related to characteristics of current and past environments. Although North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) often develop abnormal, repetitive, possibly stereotypic behaviors, no published reports describe otter housing and management or characterize how these variables ...

Bedbug infestation has become a major problem in the United States. Infestations can be frightening and expensive and appear to be more prevalent in urban settings and low-income housing such as homeless shelters, public housing, and single-room occupancy apartments. This exposes consumers and staff of psychiatric rehabilitation agencies to higher ...

Two constructs important to academicians and managers are the degree to which employees and customers identify with an organization, employee organizational identification (employee OI) and customer-company identification (customer identification), respectively. This research examines the effects of these identification constructs and the related construct of customer perceived similarity to employees on ...

Forensic practice fees, billing, and collection procedures are quite different from those in general psychiatry. Most forensic practices have far fewer "clients," and individual bills are usually larger. Collections are usually better (and less frequently discounted) in forensic practice, and resolving billing disputes is far more straightforward. Medicare, Medicaid, other ...

In terms of development of modern city, there is always a great requirement on the long-term housing demand, in particular for the strategic New Development Areas (NDA) in New Territories (NT) of Hong Kong. A cross-district traveling for work is a common practice, and there is also a high percentage ...

A two-part serial survey of 49 broiler breeder farms was conducted in four south-eastern states: Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina. Broiler breeder farms from three to five broiler company complexes in each state were visited on two separate occasions to document management practices and perform environmental sampling for Salmonella ...

INTRODUCTION: It needs many years of special training to gain expertise on the organoleptic classification of botanical raw materials and, for even those experts, discrimination among Umbelliferae medicinal herbs remains an intricate challenge due to their morphological similarity. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new chemometric classification method using the direct analysis ...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is of major concern to the swine industry; infection with the virus can lead to production losses, morbidity, and mortality within swine operations. Biosecurity practices related to the management of replacement animals are important for the prevention and control of the PRRS virus, as ...

Open Medicine celebrates its fifth year of publishing high quality academic work. This article looks at the achievements of the past five years and the challenges in the future.

Microorganisms establish with their animal hosts close interactions. They are involved in many aspects of the host life, physiology and evolution, including nutrition, reproduction, immune homeostasis, defence and speciation. Thus, the manipulation and the exploitation the microbiota could result in important practical applications for the development of strategies for the ...

Ray Moynihan on letting sunlight into some dark corners of Australian medicine.

In August 2008, the first detection of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, to the North America mainland in California caused great concern, as the fly was found infesting a variety of commercial fruits. Subsequent detections followed in Oregon, Washington, Florida and British Columbia in 2009; in Utah, North Carolina, ...

Evidence-based medicine underpins modern practice of medicine. This paper describes a fictional consultation between Santa Claus and a doctor regarding deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis, giving a review of the evidence for DVT prophylaxis in travellers while exposing the difficulty in applying evidence to atypical clinical encounters. Medline and the ...

Previous Nigerian studies show widespread ignorance and low acceptance of vasectomy among the male population. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of knowledge of, attitudes to, counselling pattern and acceptance of vasectomy among Nigerian Resident Gynaecologists. A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. Resident Doctors attending a national ...

The present study reports two experiments in which a total of 20 participants without prior flight experience practiced the final approach phase in a fixed-base simulator. All participants received self-controlled concurrent feedback during 180 practice trials. Experiment 1 shows that participants learn more quickly under variable practice conditions than under ...

According to the Seventh National Forest Inventory (2004-2008), China's forests cover an area of 195.45 million ha, or 20.36% of the total land area. China has the most rapidly increasing forest resources in the world. However, China is also a country with serious forest pest problems. There are more than 8,000 ...

Of all ingested foreign bodies (FBs) brought to the attention of physicians (probably a small minority of the total), 80% to 90% pass spontaneously; however, 10% to 20% require endoscopic removal, and about 1% require surgery. The article divides the GI tract into regions in which the anatomy, presentation, clinical ...

Proper postoperative management of body contouring patients is essential to satisfactory long-term outcomes. Standard issues such as drain management, nutrition, and activity limitations will be relevant to all patients. Although major complications are infrequent, effective strategies for management of common minor wound complications are invaluable.

Subendocardial hemorrhage (SEH) is a striking feature seen in many forensic autopsy cases. It was believed earlier to represent an agonal phenomenon without any particular reference to the cause of death. However, the latest study showed that even minor SEH might have an influence on cardiac function and might be ...

Frostbite is a thermal injury that can occur when temperatures drop low enough for tissue to freeze. On rewarming the tissues, an inflammatory process develops which is often associated with tissue loss. The extent of the tissue loss reflects the severity of the cold exposure and includes factors such as ...

Numerous metalloproteins are important therapeutic targets that are gaining increased attention in the medicinal and bioinorganic chemistry communities. This Perspective article describes some emerging trends and recent findings in the area of metalloprotein inhibitor discovery and development. In particular, increasing recognition of the importance of the metal-ligand interactions in these ...

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-1) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. It presents early in life, usually after an episode of fever, dehydration, infection or fasting, and results in metabolic decompensation and neurologic damage. We report the perioperative management of a 5-year-old boy ...

The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is an excellent example of the use of invertebrates in the treatment of human disease. Utilized for various medical indications since the ancient times, the medicinal leech is currently being used in a narrow range of well-defined and scientifically-grounded clinical applications. Hirudotherapy is most commonly ...

In this article, we present a review of the current practice regarding computer-assisted navigation in total knee replacement together with the bearing on cost-effectiveness and clinical outcome.

Mild head trauma had been defined in patients with direct impact or deceleration effect admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15. It is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity in emergency medicine. Although common, several controversies persist about its clinical management. In this paper, we describe ...

Turfgrass culture, a multibillion dollar industry in the United States, poses unique challenges for integrated pest management. Why insect control on lawns, golf courses, and sport fields remains insecticide-driven, and how entomological research and extension can best support nascent initiatives in environmental golf and sustainable lawn care are explored. High ...

The video RIFL (rigid flexible laryngoscope) is an airway management adjunct designed to facilitate endotracheal intubation. It is a novel stylet-based laryngoscope that incorporates a complementary metal oxide sensor distal chip imaging system and real-time articulation tip. The device combines features desired in fiberoptic bronchoscopy as well as in video ...

Based on the 4,067 descriptions about fever in the medical records of the well-known Chinese medicine physicians throughout the ages, 19 different clinical features of fever are summarized as follows: chilly fever, high fever, low fever, dull fever, bones fever, alternating chills and fever, tidal fever, head fever, face fever, ...

The Global Orthopaedic Registry (GLORY) offers global and country-specific insights into the management of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty by drawing on data, from June 2001 to December 2004, of 15,020 patients in 13 countries. GLORY achieved a 70% follow-up rate at 3 and/or 12 months, ...

RATIONALE, AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple-medicine use (polypharmacy) is a growing problem for older patients, prescribers and health policy makers. The general practitioner (GP) is most often the main professional care provider; hence, improvements of treatment can only be carried out in concordance with GPs. The aim of this study was, ...

Pediatricians examine increasing numbers of children with bronchial asthma every year. In Japan, medical institutions can provide standardized therapies according to the Japanese Pediatric Guideline for the Treatment and Management of Asthma 2005. Inhalation therapy is highly beneficial, and a substantial proportion of patients choose to purchase inhalators and practice ...