An exploratory study of 250 patients was conducted at three treatment facilities in Western Pennsylvania, USA, to determine: 1) the extent of disagreement between clinical-based [using American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) criteria] and insurance-based [using Managed Care Organization (MCO) criteria] recommendations for treatment levels, and 2) the extend of ...

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare, but potentially lethal, complication of pancreatitis. Although management is usually directed toward the underlying pancreatitis, there is no standard defined for treatment of the associated mesenteric venous thrombosis. Anticoagulant therapy was chosen as treatment for the case presented in this report, but other management ...

In the first part of this thesis the results of a descriptive study on the diagnosis, course and treatment of shoulder complaints in general practice are described. The literature studies regarding the influence of the mobility of the cervical spine, the upper thoracic spine and the upper ribs (the shoulder ...

How curious it is that we accept in therapeutic medicine the principle that non-metabolizable sutures, splints and prostheses are good but the employment of non-metabohzable vehicles in preventive medicine is evil Davenport [1968].

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clindamycin for 62 consecutive isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were found to be 0.03-4 mg/L; the MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.125 and 2.0 mg/L respectively. Seven women treated with clindamycin vaginal cream had cervical mucus samples taken after seven days treatment. The concentrations of clindamycin ...

Two treatments were compared for effectiveness in reducing abundance of smokybrown cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), around houses; an integrated pest management strategy consisting of sanitation, landscape management, and reduced insecticide usage, and a perimeter insecticide treatment applied according to label directions. Regression of means through time indicated that the integrated ...

Necrotizing fasciitis was first described in a specific body region by Fournier in 1883 and as a more generalized condition by Meleney in 1924. The use of the term 'necrotizing fasciitis' can be attributed to Wilson in 1952. It is perceived as a rare condition, causing potentially devastating morbidity and ...

Based on his own and other large-scale studies, the author explains that the current push to measure treatment outcomes and develop outcomes management programs is a worldwide phenomenon in behavioral healthcare. He presents a model showing outcomes measurement as the cornerstone of good clinical practice, from intake through diagnosis and ...

Treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas of the hand cause the ultimate confrontation between oncologic outcome and function. The management of hand sarcomas is based on knowledge of the specific biology and location of each tumor. This article reviews the multimodality management of soft-tissue sarcomas of the hand and wrist.

Psychiatric rehabilitation has been found to be a worthwhile conceptual framework in the long-term management of schizophrenia. It involves both pharmacotherapy and various psychosocial treatments. Psychiatric rehabilitation allows the treatment team to organize a comprehensive therapy plan for patients. This paper reviews the literature on psychiatric rehabilitation and describes an ...

The management of schizophrenia is generally a long-term process with neuroleptics representing the cornerstone of treatment. Although not without their own limitations, depot neuroleptics offer an important alternative to oral agents, and they should be routinely considered as an option in any long-term treatment planning. The present article reviews depot ...

Because of economic issues, public awareness, and patients' desires, current dental practice embodies an array of preventive and therapeutic endeavors for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Evaluation of clinical research and practice experiences documented several findings regarding soft-tissue management. Soft-tissue management can be successful, even in advanced cases of disease, ...

Lymphoedema is perceived by clinicians in the UK as a rare condition for which there is no effective treatment. I would like to argue that lymphoedema is in fact a common condition which is misunderstood and often poorly managed. To explain further the basic physiology of oedema has to be ...

Pancreatic pseudocysts in children are rare. A total of 213 cases have been reported in the literature, the majority secondary to trauma (65%). Treatment options range from conservative, non-operative management to operative drainage. Octreotide acetate, a long-acting analog of somatostatin, is a synthetic peptide with a variety of endocrine and ...

The straightwire appliance, by the refinements of its design, has revolutionized fixed-appliance orthodontics. Treatment is facilitated by the use of many preformed components and the use of unsightly and troublesome auxiliary springs is largely removed. However, the straightwire appliance is a precision instrument and must be used precisely, or the ...

Natural substances and/or their synthetically developed active ingredients are frequently used in medicine. In psychiatry, two of the most well known natural compounds are reserpine and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb). EGb is among the most popular over-the-counter medicines in Europe and is also available in the United States, primarily in ...

OBJECTIVE: The treatment of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is controversial with no consensus on diagnostic criteria or treatments. Hyperventilation has been the therapeutic mainstay. However, two widely variant alternative approaches have been proposed: ventilation without induced alkalosis, or more aggressive therapies such as high frequency ...

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were (a) to describe how neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is currently being provided by occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language therapists (e.g., setting, duration, frequency, techniques used), (b) to determine which populations are viewed by clinicians as most responsive to NDT intervention, and (c) to ...

AIMS: To illustrate that hypernatraemia is still seen as a problem in paediatric practice and to discuss its management. METHODS: A collection of four patients with hypernatraemia from different causes are reported. Recommended treatment include initial plasma expanders, where necessary, followed by gradual rehydration to prevent cerebral oedema using fluid ...

The cost effectiveness of 25% podophyllin resin and 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution in the treatment of genital warts in Genitourinary Medicine Clinic attenders was studied. Although the average treatment cost for a course of podophyllotoxin was more than that for podophyllin resin (20.75 pounds v. 14.95 pounds respectively) the overall cure ...

This manuscript presents a comprehensive look at the assessment and management of chronic constipation in the elderly. Chronic constipation is a common problem among the elderly. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment measures can be used to manage this problem. This information can serve the practitioner as a practice guideline in the ...

Traditional methods of treatment for animal diseases, particularly non-infectious diseases, occupy a special place in the history of the Croatian veterinary profession. The use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of various diseases has been described in a large number of publications. Folk medicine also frequently contains an element of ...

Isolated gingival recession may occur in as many as 30 per cent of adolescents, and lead to problems of dentine hypersensitivity, root caries, and gingival inflammation in adult life. This review discusses the prevalence and aetiology of isolated recession, with particular reference to the implications for orthodontic treatment. Consideration is ...

During the past 10 years, the brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has been highly controversial. In the 1960s, brace treatment was pursued enthusiastically; whereas in the 1980s, brace treatment was received negatively. As is typical in most of medicine, when such opposing philosophies exist, the truth lies somewhere in ...

There is considerable disagreement among clinicians regarding the appropriate management of articular disc displacement. Research findings are difficult to interpret and compare because of the multitude of clinical variables. A number of questions remain unanswered. Is articular disc displacement truly pathology? Is diagnosis by clinical signs and symptoms adequate and ...

In view of the potentially serious consequences of asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy (ASB), we surveyed the attitudes of Greek obstetricians towards this entity. A total of 108 obstetricians practicing in the area of Athens completed a questionnaire concerning ASB. Only 73 of the 108 stated that they screen their clients ...

Interest in case management has grown in the substance abuse treatment field because of changes in the way we think about substance abuse, problems in the current delivery of treatment, subgroups of people have been identified who are unresponsive to currently available treatments or for whom special access problems are ...

Multidisciplinary management of dysphagia ensures that the dysphagic patient receives careful, in-depth assessment and treatment/rehabilitation of their swallowing disorders, and of its underlying etiology. Members of the team usually include the speech-language pathologist (swallowing therapist), gastroenterologist, radiologist, otolaryngologist, neurologist, pulmonologist, pharmacist, dietitian, occupational therapist, and physical therapist. Depending upon the ...

1. Homoeopathy is still in its infancy as a developing scientific and effective medical system. 2. Homoeopathy is an energy level therapy, not a chemical level therapy. 3. The homoeopathic philosophy and treatment of illness can be considered to be diametrically opposed to orthodox western medicine's philosophy and treatment. 4. ...

In 1973, I tried a new thoracoscopic treatment for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. Adhesive agents, electrocoagulation, hot air, the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum garnet laser, intrathoracic devices, or various combinations of these have been used in the repair of more than 2,800 cases of ruptured bullae. Today, because the indications are ...

A variety of biological, psychoanalytical and behavioural treatment strategies have been employed to treat sex offenders. Whilst these may produce short-term benefits, their efficacy in reducing long-term recidivism is uncertain. It is possible that treatment, as generally understood, is too ambitious an aim for this group of people and better ...

A general review and update in the management of CNS tumours using medulloblastoma as the main model is given in this article. Special emphasis has been placed on the benefits of combined modality treatment for brain tumours. The pathogenesis and management of these tumours is discussed and recommendations made for ...

To compare the treatment of skull trauma in Egyptian and Hippocratic medicine, the author reviews the pertinent passages of the Smith Papyrus and of the Hippocratic Corpus. By examining the treatment of similar cases reported in the two documents, it is concluded that the Egyptian physician, with his more conservative ...

Between 1984 and 1991 in Braunschweig (South-east Lower Saxony, Germany) experiments concerning the influence of chronic stress by air pollutants to a permanent grassland ecosystem were performed, the conceptual background of which is dealt with in this paper. The site itself, the management practices and treatments applied, and the physical ...

A brief history of informed consent and introduction of the "Informed Consent Treatment Report" (ICTR) is presented. The ICTR is a document developed in 1984 that combines the requirements of informed consent and the elements of good treatment planning and presentation to achieved improved patient and practice management. An outline ...

Psoriasis of the genitalia occurs in all age groups from infancy to the elderly. Approximately one-quarter to one-half of various epidemiologic studies report that genital psoriasis occurs with a higher frequency in males than in females. Therapeutic modalities for management of psoriasis in this site underscore the need for caution ...

This article attempts to define and demystify hypnosis and to present the range of its applications in family medicine. The author reviews definitions and describes hypnotic phenomena, suggestibility, and the use of suggestion, as well as traditional, semitraditional, and Ericksonian induction methods, precautions, and dangers. Clinical uses are then presented ...

Family physicians who completed postgraduate training at one center were asked to identify important patient management and procedural skills in emergency medicine and to indicate their perceived competence, both at the completion of training and in their current practice setting. There were several important skills in which many respondents did ...

Uroperitoneum as a sequela to urethral calculus in an adult gelding was successfully managed by use of subischial urethrotomy and abdominal drainage. Necrosis of bladder mucosa was seen endoscopically, but a tear or rupture was never identified. Peritonitis developed but was controlled with antibacterial treatment. Although uroperitoneum is usually a ...

Congenital dacryocystocoele occurs when the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus in the newborn has concomitant blocks at the level of the junction of the common canaliculus with the lacrimal sac and at the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. This results in a typical pink or blue swelling in the region of ...

The suggestion is heard, with increasing frequency, that the therapeutic pyramid be dismantled and that medical management be reordered to treat juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as early and as decisively as possible to induce prompt remission of disease, thereby preserving function and the quality of life. We scrutinize paradigms that guide ...

Dropfoot is a catchall term for ankle equinus, equinovarus, and equinovalgus. The deformity can be flexible or rigid and may be associated with other pathology. In the adult, dropfoot may be congenital or acquired. Acquired dropfoot results from weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors, overpull of the plantarflexors, contracture of the ...

The question of whether the Hippocratic physician treated hopeless cases is discussed, and the pertinent passages of the Corpus Hippocraticum dealing with the matter are reviewed. Only one passage (Diseases I, IV) unequivocally advocates treatment when the disease is fatal; all the others, in which hopeless cases are considered, indicate ...

In the Ayurvedha and Sidha system of medicine (Indian system of medicine) Azadirachta indica ADR ('Neem') and Curcuma longa ('Turmeric') has been used for healing chronic ulcers and scabies. The 'Neem' and 'Turmeric' was used as a paste for the treatment of scabies in 814 people. In 97% of cases ...

The management of eyelid trauma presents some frustrating challenges to the general ophthalmologist. Because each case is unique, adaptation of general principles is essential for optimal ophthalmic treatment. This review includes the essentials of approaches to the evaluation and treatment of eyelid margin and canalicular lacerations. Specific attention is directed ...

The improved prognosis for life in retinoblastoma challenges us to readdress the severe morbidity associated with late presentation and treatment, particularly in unilateral disease. Three cases of unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma are presented to illustrate the range of therapeutic options that need to be considered in management and to show that ...

In orthodontics, the two main uses of extra-oral forces are in distalizing upper teeth and providing anchorage in the treatment of Class I and Class II malocclusions. This article reviews the theoretical principles behind the use of headgear, outlines the types available, and identifies the most appropriate designs for particular ...

Intravenous nitroglycerine is not described in the psychiatric literature for management of the inevitable and potentially dangerous pressor response encountered in electroconvulsive treatment. However, the anesthesia literature has documented the use of nitroglycerine for the management of similar catecholamine-based hypertension. Unlike other approaches, nitroglycerine creates a controlled, significant, brief vasodilatation ...

While injection sclerotherapy has been accepted as the treatment of choice for acute variceal bleeding, its role as a definitive long-term treatment modality has not yet been clearly defined. This paper will critically analyse the current status of this technique, now widely used, and a comparison will be made with ...

Despite the proven effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment in the management of opiate dependence, methadone maintenance programmes have met with almost universal opposition and controversy in countries all over the world. The unique aspects of methadone treatment are examined, including the stringent restrictions imposed on methadone programmes and the convention ...