Objective: To evaluate the hand hygiene (HH) practices among veterinary technicians (VT) and veterinary support staff (VSS) in small animal private practice. Methods: This was a prospective questionnaire-based study involving 182 VT and VSS from 18 small animal hospitals in the USA. Questions asked included gender, number of animals handled ...

This manuscript was written in honour of Dr. Preben Willeberg to illustrate some tools that may be useful to "make surveillance happen" and to build bridges between science and application in animal health surveillance. The paper illustrates how four elements (science, project management, communication and documentation) may be combined with ...

Regenerative medicine is one of the most intensively researched medical branches, with enormous progress every year. When it comes to translating research from bench to bedside, many of the pioneering innovations are achieved by cooperating teams of human and veterinary medical scientists. The veterinary profession has an important role to ...

ObjectiveStandards of care regarding obstetric management of life-threatening anomalies are not defined. It is hypothesised that physicians' management of these pregnancies is variable and influenced by demographic factors.DesignA questionnaire was mailed to members of the Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine with valid US addresses assessing obstetric management of both 'uniformly lethal' ...

The vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a congenital vascular malformation that comprises 30% of the pediatric vascular and 1% of all pediatric congenital anomalies. Treatment is dependent on the timing of presentation and clinical manifestations. With the development of endovascular techniques, treatment paradigms have changed and clinical outcomes have ...

We report here Japan's first pediatric perfusion survey. It covers practices from January 2007 through December 2009. Of the 70 congenital heart centers contacted, 53 (76%) completed the survey. They reported performing 3,379 pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures in 2009, 3,408 in 2008, and 3,358 in 2007. Twenty-eight percent of ...

We report the clinical features, radiographic findings, management, and results of a patient with bilateral hallux valgus and associated bilateral tibial hallux sesamoid agenesis and fibular hallux sesamoid hypoplasia. Our patient was managed operatively with good clinical results. Combined tibial sesamoid agenesis and fibular sesamoid hypoplasia do not seem to ...

We present a systematic review of the results of the Ponseti method of management for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). Our aims were to assess the method, the effects of modifications to the original method, and compare it with other similar methods of treatment. We found 308 relevant citations in the ...

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital malformation affecting mainly boys. The authors report a case in a Cameroonian child who was diagnosed and managed at the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, Yaounde. The malformation was characterized by the presence of an incontinent epispadic urethra and a normal apical urethra. We describe ...

Supernumerary paramolars are the rare anomalies of the maxillofacial complex. These are more common in the maxilla than in the mandible. This article reviews the etiology, frequency, classification, complications, diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth (bilateral maxillary paramolars).

Iron overload is the most important cause of mortality in patients with thalassaemia major. Iron chelation is therefore a critical issue in the management of these patients and others with transfusion-dependent haemoglobinopathies and congenital anaemias. In recent years, significant developments have been made in the assessment of iron overload, including ...

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a potentially reversible, though possibly life-threatening, cause of respiratory distress in the neonate. It poses dilemma in diagnosis and management. We are presenting a 6-week-old baby who presented with a sudden onset of respiratory distress related to CLE affecting the left upper lobe. Lobectomy was ...

Primary prevention is the most effective measure in dengue prevention and control. The objectives were (i) to determine the level of knowledge and practice of dengue control amongst the study community, and (ii) to explore the factors affecting practice of dengue control in the study area. A cross-sectional study was ...

Long-standing dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. The management of this disorder is still controversial. This paper presents the authors' experience of managing long-standing dislocation of the TMJ, and their attempt to develop guidelines for the management of this problem. They also show magnetic resonance images of two ...

The use of mixtures of transgenic insecticidal seed and nontransgenic seed to provide an in-field refuge for susceptible insects in insect-resistance-management (IRM) plans has been considered for at least two decades. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has only recently authorized the practice. This commentary explores issues that regulators, industry, ...

In Asian countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), specifically wet AMD or choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), is an important cause of blindness and visual handicap. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) play an integral role in the development of CNV and thus provide an important therapeutic target. Current treatment paradigms for neovascular AMD ...

The number of MPAs has increased sharply, from just 118 in 1970 to well over 6,300 today. This growth in numbers has also been accompanied by a voluminous growth in the academic literature on the theme, with writers employing ecologic, economic and governance lenses (or a combination thereof) to both ...

In an attempt to clarify the potential role of endophytic fungi in integrated pest management, the compatibility of an endophytic isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Gams & Zare (Hyphomycetes) with nine insecticides used against Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera : Aphididae) was examined both in vitro over 14 days and in planta. ...

This manuscript offers a brief review of the orthopedic subjects in the Canon of Medicine. Highlights include, but are not limited to, the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system, fractures and dislocations, nerve and tendon injuries, different types of wounds and ulcers, and bone infections. Some of the concepts regarding musculoskeletal ...

Ultrasound is gaining momentum for use in the pediatric emergency department. It is important to understand the fundamentals of ultrasound equipment as it relates to pediatric emergency medicine.

Congenital uterine abnormalities are a heterogeneous group of uterine configurations that may adversely affect reproductive potential. Although subtle variations can occur, the more common abnormalities fall into two broad categories of unilateral development or failure of midline fusion. These abnormalities have been well described for over a century although the ...

Palliative care began in the UK hospice movement in the late 1960s and has rapidly developed in many countries since. In some, it has become a fully recognized specialty with comprehensive training programs and recognized expertise in areas such as pain and symptom control. It is important to examine the ...

Companion diagnostics and stratified medicines will be increasingly used over the next ten years. Current market leaders who have created diagnostic divisions with a focus on biomarker identification will benefit, notably Abbott, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline. Pricing incentives and improvement in efficacy will drive this market. The US FDA is ...

This paper discusses trends and future directions in behavioral medicine. It is divided into three sections. The first briefly reviews key developments in the history of behavioral medicine. The second section highlights trends and future directions in pain research and practice as a way of illustrating future directions for behavioral ...

The regulation of biosimilars is a process that is still developing. In Europe, guidance regarding the approval and use of biosimilars has evolved with the products under consideration. It is now more than 3 years since the first biosimilar agents in oncology support, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, were approved in the EU. More ...

Personalized medicine is a form of medicine that uses the patient's genomic information to improve diagnosis, prevention and therapy. In this review we discuss the personalized management of heart failure, from monogenic disorders, to modifier genes and pharmacogenomics. Monogenic disorders causing heart failure are cardiomyopathies. In this disease, recent guidelines ...

An 18-month-old boy with partial and full thickness burns to his upper face and scalp was treated by an interdisciplinary team at the Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit in Kandahar. A novel approach to his burn management is presented, highlighting some of the issues and constraints that military surgeons are ...

The application of nanotechnology has opened a new realm of advancement in the field of regenerative medicine and has provided hope for the culmination of long-felt needs by the development of an ideal means to control the biochemical and mechanical microenvironment for successful cell delivery and tissue regeneration. Both top-down ...

There has been explosive growth in the utilization of cross-sectional imaging studies in the evaluation of patients with known or suspected abdominal and pelvic pathology. These imaging studies have led to a veritable epidemic of incidentally detected adnexal masses in both oncology and non-oncology patient populations that in the past ...

Purpose.  To synthesize current literature on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) use and to identify areas of research that have received little to no attention in light of administration practice and patient perception/behavior. Design and Methods.  Relevant articles for a systematic review were identified through PubMed. Results.  A total of ...

Vascular access continues to be a management challenge for nephrologists. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a tool that has been used in cardiology to obtain intraluminal imaging that can lead to better assessment of lesion morphology, composition of tissues, and adequacy of intervention such as precision of stent placement. Past reports ...

Nonfusion growing instrumentation is currently an important aspect of early onset scoliosis management and newer technologies to treat scoliosis without fusion hold the exciting promise of a new paradigm in spinal deformity care. Some of these technologies such as growing constructs have a sufficient track record for preliminary conclusions particularly ...

In medicine, it is the physician's obligation to promote and protect the patient's interest. In obstetrics, the ethical principles of benefi cence and autonomy provide the fundamental framework which guides the management of all pregnant patients. As there is the need for consideration of the fetus, autonomy can become a ...

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Recent advances in ultrasound and Doppler have elucidated several mechanisms in the evolution of the disease. However, consistent classification and characterization regarding the severity of FGR is lacking. There is no ...

Talons cusp is an uncommon developmental dental anomaly characterized by presence of an accessory cusp like structure projecting from tooth neck towards incisal edge. This anomaly commonly affects permanent dentition than primary dentition. This article describes early diagnosis and management of two patients with talons cusp. Conservative treatment by selective ...

Over the period 1980-2009, there were 58 documented hyperthermia deaths of American-style football players in the United States. This study examines the geography, timing, and meteorological conditions present during the onset of hyperthermia, using the most complete dataset available. Deaths are concentrated in the eastern quadrant of the United States ...

To determine potential associations between demographic and business management factors and practice size and growth rate in rural mixed-animal veterinary practices. Cross-sectional survey. 54 mixed-animal practitioners. A cross-sectional survey (96 questions) was electronically disseminated. Responses were collected, and outcomes (number of veterinarians [NV], growth in number of veterinarians [NVG], gross ...

Aplastic anemia is a rare bone marrow failure disorder. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) are the main therapeutic modalities currently used to treat patients with aplastic anemia. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are regarded as the highest level of evidence and as ...

The control of sternal bleeding during cardiac surgery can sometimes be a challenging and time-consuming problem for surgeons. Several alternatives for the control of sternal bleeding are on the market. Bone wax is a well-known alternative used by many cardiac surgeons for the control of bleeding. It is effective and ...

Tissue engineering is one application of the regenerative medicine, which aims to promote replace, repair or regeneration of tissue or organ due to congenital abnormalities, disease, trauma, or aging. This field applies the principles of physical sciences, engineering, medicine and the life sciences. To integrate knowledge of stem cell biology, ...

Respiratory distress due to urinary tract obstruction can be a urologic emergency. We describe the diagnostic and surgical management of severe respiratory distress in a neonate due to a crossed ectopic obstructed megaureter in a duplicated pelvic kidney.

We appraised the roles and responsibilities assigned to community pharmacists internationally and in Singapore. A systematic search of international peer-reviewed literature was undertaken using Medline. Grey literature was identified through generic search engines. The search period was from 1 January 1991 to 30 July 2009. The search criteria were English ...

Remarkable growth in use of herbal medicines has recently been noted. In Thailand, eight items of herbal medicines with single composition are currently placed on the National List of Essential Medicines (EM). This study was to clarify the actual state of factors affecting the usage and knowledge of these herbal ...

Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is used for most women who give birth in the United States. As such, clinicians are faced daily with the management of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings. The purpose of this document is to provide obstetric care providers with a framework for evaluation and management ...

Cardiac haemangiomas are rare forms of cardiac tumours which can present at any age and in any cardiac location. The clinical presentations of patients vary and preoperative diagnosis of cardiac haemangiomas is usually made using echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and follow-up ...

This paper details the substance and recommendations arising from a meeting convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in August 2009, to assess the challenges and opportunities of emergency department management of acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS). The assembled faculty represented a large cross section of medical professionals ...

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by high mortality, frequent hospitalization, reduced quality of life, and a complex therapeutic regimen. Knowledge about HF is accumulating so rapidly that individual clinicians may be unable to readily and adequately synthesize new information into effective strategies of care for patients with this ...

This article takes issue with Stephen Lansing's bottom-up model of Balinese irrigation management. Based on archival research and extensive fieldwork in the former south Balinese kingdom of Mengwi, it is argued that in pre-colonial days large scale irrigation depended largely on dynastic involvement. During the colonial period (1906-1942) the Dutch ...

BACKGROUND: Polish heart failure surveys from 1999 and 2005 indicated that non-invasive and invasive diagnostic procedures in heart failure patients are underused, mostly due to limited availability. AIM: To assess the access to procedures used for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure in randomly selected outpatient clinics and hospital ...

Since the advent of the first generation pacemakers, solely providing rate support, we have witnessed a technological outburst in the type and complexity of implantable devices. The introduction of implantable cardioverter defibrillators and later of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices enriched our therapeutic arsenal for the management of patients with heart ...