Abstract Objective: A national survey was conducted to obtain an overall view of the current management of children with cleft lip and or palate in Nigeria. Method: Questionnaires were sent to 44 identified cleft surgeons in all teaching and specialist hospitals in Nigeria. Results: Thirty-eight respondents returned completed questionnaires. The ...

The cost associated with ISO 14001 certification has developing countries companies' lag in environmental management.

OBJECTIVES: (i) To develop a group-based intervention for the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) fatigue incorporating energy effectiveness and cognitive behavioural approaches and (ii) to undertake a process and preliminary evaluation. METHODS: Drawing upon a literature search, a local model of good practice and the views of service users and ...

Since our ancestors began trading several millennia ago, counterfeit and substandard medicines have been a recurring problem, with history punctuated by crises in the supply of anti-microbials, such as fake cinchona bark in the 1600s and fake quinine in the 1800s. Unfortunately this problem persists, in particular afflicting unsuspecting patients ...

Hans Goldmann (1899-1991), born in Komotau in Bohemia, studied medicine in Prague. He was trained in physiology by A.V. Tchermak-Seysenegg and in ophthalmology by A. Elschnig in Prague and by A. Siegrist in Berne. He succeeded Siegrist as chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology in Berne in 1935. He was ...

A legislative framework introducing European public health measures on orphan medicinal products came into force in the European Union in April 2000. The aim of the orphan legislation is to stimulate research and development of medicinal products for rare diseases by providing incentives to the sponsors. Incentives include, among others, ...

BACKGROUND: Realist evaluation offers an interesting approach to evaluation of interventions in complex settings, but has been little applied in health care. We report on a realist case study of a well performing hospital in Ghana and show how such a realist evaluation design can help to overcome the limited ...

The paper reviews the development of key policy relating to estuary management, highlighting the trends and drivers in policy development which have shaped the management and protection of the estuary environment. Focusing on policy developments over the last three decades, the paper draws attention to the significant influence of European ...

In February 2005 the government announced that sport and exercise medicine would be developed as a new speciality of medicine. This article provides an understanding of the process involved in the development of the new speciality of sport and exercise medicine, its scope and curriculum.

Telecare, the provision of care through remote interaction enabled by information and communication technology, is quickly developing. Integration with other technological developments is to be expected and will create systems that enable more intense, continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of health, and more personalized feedback and instructions. One of the goals ...

The European medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, harbors simple microbial communities in the digestive tract and bladder. The colonization history, infection frequency, and growth dynamics of symbionts through host embryogenesis are described using diagnostic PCR and quantitative PCR. Symbiont species displayed diversity in temporal establishment and proliferation through leech development.

In England (UK) the discharge of patients from hospital is a source of constant scrutiny from primary care trusts in order to reduce the patient length of stay in Hospital. To support nurses in practice a part time, post registration discharge practice education module was developed entitled Facilitating Timely Patient ...

The new paediatric European Union (EU) regulation and the consequent demand for paediatric studies on one hand and the ethical need for minimizing the burden of studies in children on the other hand necessitate optimal techniques in the assessment of safety/efficacy and use of drugs in children. Modelling and simulation ...

The Children's Centre Programme is a recent development in the UK and brings together multi-agency teams to work with disadvantaged families. Practice development methods enable teams to work together in new ways. Although the term practice development remains relatively poorly defined, its key properties suggest that it embraces engagement, empowerment, ...

A short history of hybrid molecules based on aminoquinolines gave interesting and important information useful for organic and medicinal chemistry, which are deeply involved in the design and development of new antimalarial agents. The highlights in the preparation of aminoquinoline antimalarials, their protocols and antiplasmodial activity and, specially, the development ...

There are seven simple steps hospitals can take to address the development of department managers: Survey the development needs of department managers. Prioritize development needs. Implement results-oriented, hands-on education. Implement tracking reports and review sessions. Provide accessible tactical financial management support. Create top-level mentoring relationships for managers. Celebrate successes.

OBJECTIVES: Nuclear medicine has changed rapidly as a result of technological developments. Very little is reported on the effects these developments may have on technologist productivity. This study aims to determine whether advances have created a workplace where more patient studies can be performed with fewer technologists. The level of ...

The authors present the development of the concept of mental disease and treatment in Serbian medicine. Serbian medieval medicine did not acknowledge fortune telling, sorcery, the use of amulets and magical rituals and formulas. These progressive concepts were confirmed by the Church and the Serbian state in what is known ...

This article examines the proposals contained in health minister Lord Darzi's Next Stage Review final report and considers how clinical teams can implement them in their everyday practice. While the article acknowledges that clinical teams may already meet many of the recommendations in the review, some may have insufficient evidence ...

This paper explores the concept of practice development in the context of professional development and strategies for facilitating learning in practice. In this paper we present the background to the methodology of emancipatory and transformational practice development. Key concepts underpinning a contemporary definition of practice development are unravelled and nine ...

A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the influence of practice on the long-term development of expert pianists' motor skills in a relevant musical context. Temporal evenness in standardized scale playing was assessed twice in 19 pianists within an average time interval of 27 months. Questionnaires were used for retrospective ...

Catalytic asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones with hydrides such as boranes and borohydrides is one of the simplest and the most convenient methods for obtaining chiral alcohols. This tutorial review describes the most significant advances recently achieved for enhancing the enantioselectivity and practicability of the reduction using this methodology. The ...

INTRODUCTION: Integrated medicine has become an important issue in this century. In order to bridge the gap between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and modern medicine, we have established a first final version of a Yang-Xu constitution questionnaire, the BCQ+, in a previous study. The objective of the present investigation is ...

Rangelands represent one of the most important natural resources in mountainous regions of northern Nepal. However, a poor understanding of the social dimensions of rangeland use has limited their proper management and sustainable development, which represent major challenges for Nepal's resource managers. Institutional development is thought to be a viable ...

This manuscript addresses how developing countries can maximize access to essential medicines and minimize unwanted side-effects within the legal environment of a compulsory license regime. While compulsory licensing can play a role in improving public health, external social and political conditions must be considered in order to make licensing an ...

PURPOSE: Substandard medicines contribute to poor public health and affect development, especially in the developing world. However knowledge of how manufacturers, distributors and providers understand the concept of drug quality and what strategies they adopt to ensure drug quality is limited, particularly in the developing world. The purpose of this ...

BACKGROUND: Instruction in principles and methods of medical education is a core component of the training of medical teachers. Curricula for new medical teachers have developed across Europe, but few European courses have had the success of the EURACT Bled course for teachers of family medicine. The course focuses on ...

A technology that allows for manipulating of oestrus and ovulation, and would then also allow for fixed-time insemination, can be of great benefit for swine farms that operate using sow batch management due, at least in part, to savings in labour and the production of large batches of evenly developed ...

Integrated care pathways, a fine-grained form of medical guideline including the explicit recording of any deviation, or 'variance', have been perceived by some as overly prescriptive, limiting clinical freedom and promoting 'cookbook medicine'. However, feeding the results of the analysis of variance back into the development of a pathway could ...

A number of lactation management strategies can be applied to reduce negative effects of lactation on post-weaning fertility. This paper focuses on effects of lactation length, Intermittent Suckling and Split Weaning on follicle development and subsequent oestrus. It is concluded that a lactation length of less than 3 weeks still ...

BACKGROUND: Many physicians have medical experience in developing countries early in their career, but its association with their medical performance later is not known. To explore possible associations we compared primary care physicians (GPs) with and without professional experience in a developing country in performance both clinical and organisational. METHODS: ...

Lipoatrophy (LA) is a common and now well-recognized complication of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Over the last decade as knowledge of the mechanisms behind LA has developed, several antiretroviral drugs, in particular, have emerged as the likely agents responsible for this complication. This has been supported by studies comparing ...

Indications of developing malocclusion are often present in the mixed dentition.With judicious supervision and timely intervention their effects can be minimized. The general dental practitioner is ideally placed to recognize, manage and correct many such incipient problems. This first of two papers considers three keys to success involving, normal dental ...

Sustainable development indicators (SDIs) have emerged as a tool to measure progress towards sustainable development for a number of fields. However, no indicator initiative to date has been aimed at biosolids management at local authority, regional or national levels. This paper presents a study where stakeholders involved in the management ...

Trinidad and Tobago is plagued with a perennial flooding problem. The higher levels of rainfall in the wet season often lead to extensive flooding in the low-lying areas of the country. This has lead to significant damage to livestock, agricultural produce, homes and businesses particularly in the Caparo River Basin. ...

Crafting clear and factual contract language is a process that few practices take into consideration when purchasing software and hardware to run their practices. This article looks at many important facets that are often neglected in negotiating with vendors prior to purchase. In the end, what is written in the ...

Conservation-based development programs have sought to create economic opportunities for people negatively impacted by biological diversity protection. The USDA Forest Service, for example, developed policies and programs to create contracting opportunities for local communities to restore public lands to replace jobs lost from reduced timber harvest. This article examines 12 ...

The introduction of national parks to Scotland represents a significant shift in the evolution of protected area management within the UK. Although the National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 adopts the established national park aims of conservation and recreation, provisions are also made for advancing notions of sustainable development. This paper ...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Presidential Task Force on Changing Practice in the 21st Century developed a list of practical goals or recommendations that ACOG or our members can implement, to improve practice satisfaction and ensure survival in the twenty-first century. Three areas of focus were 1) ...

PURPOSE: To document the development of corneal perforation after using gatifloxacin to treat inflamed pterygium. METHODS: A 30-year-old man developed corneal perforation after using gatifloxacin to treat inflamed pterygium. RESULTS: After treatment with gatifloxacin was stopped, the perforation was managed by applying cyanoacrylate glue, followed by pterygium excision. CONCLUSIONS: If ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become increasingly prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Uncertainty regarding the true incidence of AKI limits awareness of the problem, thereby reducing political visibility of the disorder and hampering efforts to prevent its ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: International initiatives such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the President's Malaria Initiative have significantly increased availability and access to medicines in some parts of the developing world. Despite this, however, skills remain limited on quantifying ...

PURPOSE: This article reports on the development of a decisional balance measure based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) for stress management among adolescents. DESIGN: Measurement development was conducted with participants of a pilot survey. SETTING: Surveys were completed in health and physical education classes. SUBJECTS: Ninth and tenth graders (N=317) ...

A number of medicine selection methods have been used worldwide for formulary purposes. In Northern Ireland, integrated medicines management is being developed, and related projects have been carried out. This paper deals with the description of the STEPS (Safe Therapeutic Economic Pharmaceutical Selection) programme. The paper outlines the development of ...

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severely blinding, intractable disease. The objective of this review is to provide detailed information on its basic and clinical aspects, to enable us to manage it logically. Therefore, its causes, pathogenesis and pathology, methods of early diagnosis and management are discussed. To prevent or reduce ...

Although the current array of nanomachines mostly comprises simple devices (at least from a mechanical viewpoint), the underlying physical and chemical interactions that play key roles in the 'assembly' of these machines have required decades of research to ascertain a fundamental understanding of how such processes can be manipulated at ...

1. You cannot provide quality payment compliance without using your practice management system-use its functionality. 2. Develop internally a denial expert (probably from your existing billing or collection follow-up staff)-the position will pay for itself. 3. Ensure the integrity of your processes (i.e., cash posting). 4. Categorize underpayments by action ...

In an effort to identify Otx2 targets in mouse anterior neuroectoderm we identified a gene, mShisa, which is homologous to xShisa1 that we previously reported as a head inducer in Xenopus. mShisa encodes an antagonist against both Wnt and Fgf signalings; it inhibits these signalings cell-autonomously as xShisa1 does. The ...

Land use is rapidly expanding in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, primarily from growth in the number of rural homes. There is a need to project possible future land use and assess impacts on nature reserves as a guide to future management. We assessed the potential biodiversity impacts of alternative future ...

Despite the best efforts of industry and regulatory authorities, the trust of society in the process of medicine development and communication of pharmaceutical risk has ebbed away. In response the US government has called for a culture of compliance while the EU regulators talk of a 'culture of scientific excellence'. ...