BackgroundOccupational stress is a serious threat to the well-being of employees and organizations and may cause ill-health and loss of productivity. Determining the methods that occupational health (OH) services and employers use to manage work-related stress can help to detect both barriers and facilitating factors for effective stress management.AimsTo examine ...

To date, little research has yet focused in broad assessment for management consultancy professionals. This investigation aims to analyse management consultants' self-perceptions of occupational stress (SPoOS), sources of stress (SoS) and stress management strategies (SMS) and to find latent constructs that can work as major determinants in consultants' conceptualization of ...

In a study of terror management theory, participants first responded to prompts asking them to imagine their own death or dental pain and later rated the desirability of a generic job described explicitly as extremely stressful. The job description included either an American or foreign company logo. As predicted by ...

Guidelines on prudent antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine have been developed to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials. Such guidelines focus mainly on the clinical and pharmacological indications for prescribing. A questionnaire study of veterinary surgeons engaged in cattle practice was completed to determine if non-clinical issues influence the decision to ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Depurative practices, based on taking emetic plants and the restriction of food intake, are very much used in the traditional medicine of Chazuta (Peruvian Amazon) not only to restore health but also to maintain it. AIM OF THE STUDY: To describe Chazuta's depurative practices, within a theoretical framework ...

Atopic dermatitis leads to, and can be triggered by, stress. Psychological interventions have been shown to have positive effects on skin status, itch and scratching behaviour. However, it has not been analysed whether stress management leads to a change in physiological stress level and psychophysiological stress reaction under acute stress ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), typically a stress and a rest study is performed. If the stress study is considered normal, there is no need for a subsequent rest study. The aim of the study was to determine whether nuclear medicine technologists are able to assess the necessity ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Research literature consistently documents that scientifically based therapeutic recommendations are not always followed in the hospital or in the primary care setting. Currently, there is evidence that some general practitioners in Australia are not prescribing appropriately for patients diagnosed with 1) hypertension (HT) and 2) chronic heart failure ...

Exotic small mammal patients can experience a great deal of anxiety and fear during a visit to a veterinary practice. The stressful experience may continue at the client's home during medication routines. The experience is at times so stressful to the animal that it damages the relationship of trust with ...

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines are well-known international clinical practice guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to examine how treatment recommendations and the quality of supporting evidence for pharmacologic management of stable COPD have ...

Although drop out rates in weight management interventions are high, little is known about characteristics of people dropping out at different time points during such interventions. This study aims to examine characteristics of early and late drop outs during a self-management intervention aimed at weight control, hypothesizing that changes in ...

Introduction Few emergency medical services (EMS) interventions in New Mexico have been assessed for efficacy, potential harm, or potential benefit. There is concern that many interventions added over the years may be outdated, harmful, or ineffective in the EMS setting. A formal process for reviewing the state EMS scope of ...

Although self-management education programs for persons with schizophrenia are being developed and advocated, uncertainty about their overall effectiveness remains. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine outcomes of self-management education interventions in persons with schizophrenia. Six electronic databases were searched. Manual searches were conducted of the reference lists of ...

Background: Evidence-based practice is commonly accepted as a means of improving patient outcomes; however, there is little understanding of the processes required to successfully implement it into prosthetic and orthotic practice.Objectives: To discuss factors affecting adoption of evidence-based practice and present a theoretical framework for its implementation into prosthetic and ...

Knowledge of current areas of activity in emergency medicine research may improve collaboration among investigators and may help inform decisions about future research priorities. Randomized, controlled trials are a key component of research activity and an essential tool for improving care. We investigated the characteristics of randomized trials recently published ...

This review summarizes recent literature regarding the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). CLABSI rates in United States ICUs reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) have decreased dramatically in recent years. This has been achieved largely through a multifaceted approach and a focus on evidence-based best practices ...

Systematic incorporation of toxicity assessment and grading during cancer treatment and subsequent provision of evidence-based patient interventions according to national standards for excellence are daunting tasks. To accomplish those goals, the authors' institution developed evidence-based supportive therapy guidelines for symptom management. This article describes how the guidelines provided concise, user-friendly ...

Based on the growing evidence within our literature, mesh is clearly needed for long-term success for the repair of anterior/apical defects. Clear credentialing and clinical privilege criteria policies are long overdue. Current data are rapidly growing, with level I studies completed that demonstrate that when transvaginal mesh-augmented repair is used ...

BACKGROUND: Australian critical care nurses generally undertake assessment of resuscitation competencies on an annual or biannual basis. International resuscitation evidence and guidelines released in 2010 do not support this practice, instead advocating more frequent retraining. AIM: To review the evidence for annual assessment of resuscitation knowledge and skills, and for ...

BACKGROUND:Today's clinicians have different levels of knowledge and skill related to evidence-based practice, depending on their educational background, level of experience, and interest. This multidisciplinary study assessed nurses' baseline and posteducation practice, attitudes, and knowledge/skills regarding evidence-based practice. METHODS:A descriptive pre- and postsurvey design study evaluated clinical staff's practice, attitudes, ...

Intervention to enhance wellbeing through participation in the creative arts has a transformative potential, but the spatialities to this are poorly theorised. The paper examines arts-based interventions in two primary schools in which small groups of children are taken out of their everyday classrooms to participate in weekly sessions. The ...

ABSTRACT: Clinical practice guidelines are one of the foundations of efforts to improve health care. In 1999, we authored a paper about methods to develop guidelines. Since it was published, the methods of guideline development have progressed both in terms of methods and necessary procedures and the context for guideline ...

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) integrated into an electronic health record (EHR) on antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in primary care.Materials and methodsQuasi-experimental design with nine intervention practices and 61 control practices in the Practice Partner Research Network, a network of practices ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical evidence on abatacept and to formulate recommendations in order to clear up points related to its use in rheumatology. METHOD: An expert panel of rheumatologists objectively summarized the evidence on the mechanism of action, practicalities, effectiveness and safety of abatacept, and formulated recommendations following a ...

Background: Motor imagery practice refers to the mental rehearsal of motor acts in the absence of actual movement production. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of motor imagery practice on the performance of sit to stand (STS) and reaching to grasp in subjects with post stroke chronic hemiparesis. Method: The study ...

GPs report various barriers to the use and practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM). A review of research on these barriers may help solve problems regarding the uptake of evidence in clinical outpatient practice. To determine the barriers encountered by GPs in the practice of EBM and to come up with ...

This article summarizes the recommendations of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/Department of Defense (DOD) VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Post-Traumatic Stress that pertain to acute stress and the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder, including screening and early interventions for acute stress states in various settings. Recommended interventions ...

The history of pulmonary embolism (PE) provides a fascinating portrait of a well-established diagnosis and standard of care treatment moving into the age of evidence-based medicine. We examined the history of PE and the practice of treating PE with anticoagulation. Pulmonary embolism is a diagnostic category whose definition and treatment ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The accurate assessment and appropriate repair of birth related perineal trauma require high levels of skill and competency, with evidence based guideline recommendations available to inform UK midwifery practice. Implementation of guideline recommendations could reduce maternal morbidity associated with perineal trauma, which is commonly reported and persistent, with ...

PURPOSE: To provide an overview and a critical appraisal of systematic reviews (SRs) of published interventions for the prevention/management of radiation dermatitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We also manually searched through individual reference lists of potentially eligible articles and a number of ...

Background The consumption of some psychotropic medicines has a negative effect on the fitness to drive. Pharmacists are expected to give useful advice to patients on their participation in traffic. However, almost no information is available on this topic. Objective To assess the effect of training and implementation of new ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is a need to shed light on the pathways through which complex interventions mediate their effects in order to enable critical reflection on their transferability. We sought to explore and understand key stakeholder accounts of the acceptability, likely impact and strategies for optimizing and rolling-out a successful ...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for literally thousands of years. This paper gives an overview of TCM in the management of UC, provides an account of the state of the evidence, identifies gaps in the research base, and makes recommendations for future research. TCM ...

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation's Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to vascular medicine that were published ...

BACKGROUNDThreatened miscarriage is very common in early pregnancy. Chinese medicines have been widely used to prevent spontaneous pregnancy loss. However, the safety of Chinese medicines is still unknown. A systematic review was performed to identify and describe adverse events of Chinese medicines used for threatened miscarriage.METHODSClinical studies of Chinese medicines ...

Self-management interventions are considered a key component of rheumatologic care. Access to these programmes, however, is an issue for some patients, especially those working full time or living in rural and remote communities. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of digital media technologies to deliver self-management interventions. ...

Evidence-based guidelines are important tools and common pathways for translating evidence into clinical practice. It is most urgently needed when significant heterogeneity in practice exist. Actively engaging opinion leaders in the process of evidence-based guidelines development is important for several reasons. These include allowing the collective views of the practice ...

This article outlines the roles of the anesthesiologist in the management of patients undergoing invasive endovascular procedures to treat vascular diseases, primarily of the central nervous system. This practice is usually termed interventional neuroradiology or endovascular neurosurgery. The article emphasizes perioperative and anesthetic management strategies to prevent complications and minimize ...

This paper examines the authorial strategies deployed by Galen in his two main pharmacological treatises devoted to compound remedies: Composition of Medicines according to Types and Composition of Medicines according to Places. Some of Galen's methods of self assertion (use of the first person; writing of prefaces) are conventional. Others ...

Background  Healthcare today is a complex system with increasing needs of specific knowledge of evaluation of research and implementation into clinical practice. A critical issue is that we all apply evidence-based practice (EBP) with standardised methods and continuing and systematic improvements. EBP includes both scientific and critical assessed experience-based knowledge. ...

The practice of evidence-based medicine involves the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from the systematic retrieval of the most current literature. Clinicians need to conduct a critical appraisal of the medical articles they access. However, clinicians in developing countries usually lack access to ...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease that has a major impact on joint function and quality of life. Nutraceuticals and dietary supplements derived from herbs have long been used in traditional medicine and there is considerable evidence that nutraceuticals may play an important role in inflammation and joint ...

Evidence-based medicine is the application of science to the practice of healthcare, leading to reproducibility and transparency in the science supporting healthcare practice. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been proposed as a treatment for improving ovarian reserve in poor responding women undergoing IVF. However, there is a lack of evidence of its ...

An especial skill occurs when performance of a single action from within a class of actions produces an advantage in performance. This advantage in a single action over others in the class is presumed to result from large amounts of practice performing the specific action (Keetch, Schmidt, Lee, & Young, ...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the extent to which a checklist has potential for identifying barriers to compliance with central line management guidelines, to evaluate the potential utility of checklists to improve the management of central lines in Mongolia, and to define the gap between current and best practices. ...

Given the considerable interest in the use of evidence-based medicine to guide clinical practice, it is surprising that the results of a recent randomized controlled trial have been met with such a limited response. The DECompressive CRAniectomy study investigators have recently published the results of a landmark trial in neurosurgery, ...

Background: Although awareness of the misuse of medicines is increasing, data on the extent of the problem in the European Union (EU) are lacking. Methods: In order to assess the magnitude and severity of the problem, a systematic review of the literature on the misuse of analgesics, opioid substitution medicines ...

Purpose: Nurses and other healthcare providers continue to underuse interventions demonstrated to be effective at improving health outcomes. We propose in this article that if more evidence-based practice is wanted, greater use must be made of qualitative inquiry to obtain practice-based evidence derived from the experiences and practices of healthcare ...

CONTEXT: New data regarding the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility have emerged and led to an update of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for Male Infertility. OBJECTIVE: To review the new EAU guidelines for Male Infertility. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive work-up of the literature obtained from Medline, ...

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) comprises a multitude of disciplines, for example, acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine, biofeedback, herbal medicine, and homeopathic medicine. While research on CAM interventions has increased and the CAM literature has proliferated since the mid-1990s, a number of our colleagues have expressed difficulties in deciding where to publish ...