OBJECTIVE: Information and opinions were sought on the need for graduating and practicing respiratory therapists to obtain 66 competencies necessary for practice in 2015 and beyond, the required length of respiratory care programs, the educational needs of practicing therapists, current and future workforce positions, and the appropriate credential needed by ...

In asthma management, complementary and alternative medicine is enjoying a growing popularity worldwide. This review synthesizes the literature on complementary and alternative medicine techniques that utilize breathing retraining as their primary component and compares evidence from controlled trials with before-and-after trials. Medline, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health ...

This document is an update of Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010. It provides evidence-based recommendations for the most common management questions occurring in routine clinical practice in the management of adult patients with LRTI. Topics include management outside hospital, management inside hospital ...

This document is an update of Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010. It provides evidence-based recommendations for the most common management questions occurring in routine clinical practice in the management of adult patients with LRTI. Topics include management outside hospital, management inside hospital ...

Through extensive survey analysis, we investigated expert opinion in sports medicine. The study had 3 purposes: to provide clinical guidance for cases in which the correct action is not necessarily apparent, to examine expert opinion itself, and to delineate areas of future study. A total of 500 members of the ...

BACKGROUND: Despite efforts to disseminate guidelines for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adherence to COPD guidelines remains suboptimal. Barriers to adhering to guidelines remain poorly understood. METHODS: Clinicians from two general medicine practices in New York City were surveyed to identify barriers to implementing seven recommendations from the Global ...

Peter Barnes first started his career in respiratory research in the late 1970s following studies at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He is currently Professor of Thoracic Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Head of Respiratory Medicine at Imperial College and Honorary Consultant Physician at the Royal ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: Animal derived products have been a source of medicinal compounds since ancient times. AIM OF THE STUDY: Document the use of animal species in traditional medicine in the municipality of Aquismón, San Luis Potosí, México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Direct interviews were performed with inhabitants from Aquismón. The interviews ...

The analysis of biomarkers in exhaled breath (EB) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may allow non-invasive and repeatable assessment of respiratory health and disease in mammals. Compared to human medicine, however, research data from EB and EBC analysis in veterinary medicine are limited and more patient variables influencing concentrations of ...

This article summarises the key points from the 2011 British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendations on managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel. The guidance aims to provide practical advice for respiratory specialists in secondary care and serves as a valuable reference for other healthcare professionals managing these patients. A ...

Objectives Numerous interventions have been developed to promote prudent antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). While reviews have assessed which interventions may be most effective, none has examined why some interventions may be more effective than others. Knowing what general practitioners (GPs) feel is acceptable and feasible to ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Use of spirometry is essential for the accurate diagnosis of respiratory disease but it is underused in both primary and specialist care. In the current study, we have explored the reasons for this underuse. METHODS: Five separate focus groups were undertaken with final year medical undergraduates, junior hospital ...

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to critically appraise and synthesize the literature on breathing retraining as a self-management strategy for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guided by Rosswurm and Larrabee's evidence-based practice model. Data sources: Scientific literature review, grey literature review, and hand searching. Conclusions: An ...

Surgical options for the management of idiopathic early onset scoliosis (EOS) have increased over the past decade, perhaps surpassing traditional nonoperative methods. We sought to assess current treatment preferences in the management of EOS among pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. We hypothesized that practitioner access to casting tables and halo traction would ...

Rapidly progressive acute respiratory failure attributed to 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection has been reported worldwide-3. Refractory hypoxaemia despite conventional mechanical ventilation and lung protective strategies has resulted in the use a combination of rescue therapies, such as conservative fluid management, prone positioning, inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency oscillatory ventilation ...

Periodontal disease, trauma, and congenital defects can result in both soft tissue and hard tissue defects that can present with aesthetic problems. The management of these problems may be limited to prevention or surgical management which can result in significant morbidity especially if a second surgical site for grafting is ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating pulmonary disorder with systemic effects, and it is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. COPD patients not only develop respiratory limitations, but can also demonstrate systemic wasting, features of depression, and can succumb to social isolation. Smoking cessation ...

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate how different types of prescriptions using different illness labels may influence lay views about the use of generic or brand medicines. The participants were 882 Portuguese (both sexes) recruited from the general population, who completed a self-administered questionnaire. A vignette methodology ...

Iminosugars comprise the most attractive class of carbohydrate mimetics reported to date and are ideally positioned to take advantage of our increasing understanding of glycobiology in the search for new medicines. First-generation iminosugar drugs suffered from lack of adequate selectivity, resulting in considerable side-effects in the clinic. Current efforts directed ...

There is considerable interest and debate concerning the place of generic substitution (switching from a brand to generic product); and on therapeutic substitution, that is, switching to a cheaper, but apparently equivalent, product, usually within the drug class. Generic substitution by pharmacists is standard practice in UK hospital settings, and ...

The 16th Annual Conference of the European Generic Medicines Association (EGA), held in Rome, included topics covering new developments and challenges in the generic medicines industry in Europe. This conference report highlights selected presentations on developments for generics in the Italian healthcare system, a summary of the EGA pharmaceutical sector ...

The aim of this project was to evaluate the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes regarding generic medicines. A cross-sectional study, with self administered questionnaires, was conducted to survey consumers visiting pharmacies in four regions of Auckland (North Shore, Waitakere, Central Auckland and South Auckland). Through stratified random sampling, approximately 10% of ...

The Australian generic medicine substitution landscape has changed over recent years. The latest changes include the introduction of incentive payments by the government to community pharmacists to dispense generic medicines instead of more expensive brand equivalents. Generic dispensing imposes additional time constraints on pharmacists in terms of patient counselling requirements. ...

A shortage of primary care physicians is expected, due in part to decreasing numbers of physicians entering general internal medicine (GIM). Practicing general internists may contribute to the shortage by leaving internal medicine (IM) for other careers in and out of medicine. To better understand mid-career attrition in IM. Mail ...

For generic substitution to be safe, consumers and clinicians need to fully understand what is the same or different about various brands of the same medicine.

The study explored consumers' perspectives on generic medicine use in Australia. A qualitative methodology was used to explore the topic, including community participation in the form of forums, focus groups and a panel of seniors. Three consumer forums were held from which a seniors' panel was formed and a series ...

[[South India—nineteenth and twentieth centuriesTamil Brahmanscasteeducationemployment]] Since the nineteenth century, Tamil Brahmans have been very well represented in the educated professions, especially law and administration, medicine, engineering and nowadays, information technology. This is partly a continuation of the Brahmans’ role as literate service people, owing to their traditions of education, ...

Indian manufacturers of generic antiretroviral (ARV) medicines facilitated the rapid scale up of HIV/AIDS treatment in developing countries though provision of low-priced, quality-assured medicines. The legal framework in India that facilitated such production, however, is changing with implementation of the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property ...

The oldest remedies known to mankind are herbal medicines. India is known worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. Euphorbia hirta is often used traditionally for female disorders, respiratory ailments (cough, coryza, bronchitis, and asthma), worm infestations in children, dysentery, jaundice, pimples, gonorrhea, digestive problems, and tumors. It is reported to contain ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the general practitioners' (GPs') knowledge and perceptions towards generic medicines in a northern state of Malaysia. METHOD: A postal cross-sectional survey involving registered GPs in Penang, Malaysia was undertaken. A 23-item questionnaire was developed, validated and administered on the GPs. Eighty-seven ...

AIM: To descriptively analyze the policy environment surrounding the Polish generic medicines retail market. METHOD: The policy analysis was based on an international literature review. Also, a simulation exercise was carried out to compute potential savings from substituting generic for originator medicines in Poland using IMS Health pharmaceutical intelligence data. ...

The advent of Modernising Medical Careers has meant that many more junior doctors are coming into contact with general surgical patients either as part of Foundation Year 2 or Core Training rotation or during the course of cross covering other specialities due to the hours constraints of the European Working ...

The aims of this study were to develop a scale to assess lay beliefs about generic medicines, and to investigate whether these beliefs differ according to demographic factors in an opportunistic general public sample. In the pilot study, the participants were 92 men and 136 women, and in the main ...

To explore and compare the impact of generic substitution (GS) on the turnover and gross margin per cent of pharmaceutical companies representing mainly original or generic products in Finland. A mail survey to pharmaceutical companies with an office in Finland and substitutable medicines in the Finnish pharmaceutical market 1 year ...

OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on consumers' knowledge, attitudes and opinions of the use of generic medicines. METHOD: A narrative review of studies conducted from 1970 to 2008 on consumers perceptions and views towards generic medicines was performed. An extensive literature search was undertaken using indexing services available at the ...

The volatile components of the mandibular gland secretion generated by the Giant Ichneumon parasitoid wasp Megarhyssa nortoni nortoni Cresson are mainly spiroacetals and methyl ketones, and all have an odd number of carbon atoms. A biosynthetic scheme rationalizing the formation of these diverse components is presented. This scheme is based ...

1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) with pKa of 26.03 in acetonitrile can be effectively released by photolysis of TBD.HBPh4 salt, which represents a new family of short-wave UV photobase generators. This photobase generator enables the photoinduced living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and the photoinduced cross-linking of various polymeric materials containing the hydroxyl-ester ...

Although the management of spontaneous pneumothorax through a thoracotomy traditionally included apical pleurectomy, thoracoscopic treatment of this problem does not generally include pleurectomy. Thoracoscopy in fact allows excellent exposure to perform total parietal pleurectomy, and we hypothesize that including total pleurectomy will reduce recurrences. We describe here the technique of ...

Since its commercial introduction in 1974, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] has become the dominant herbicide worldwide. There are several reasons for its success. Glyphosate is a highly effective broad-spectrum herbicide, yet it is very toxicologically and environmentally safe. Glyphosate translocates well, and its action is slow enough to take advantage of this. ...

The semiotic web for translational medicine generalizes the concept of the semantic web. We present the functions of the semiotic web as a simple ontology with three dimensions, namely: (a) the four steps of semiotics, (b) the two processes in semiotics, and (c) the four types of research. The resulting ...

Spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in individuals who have not experienced antecedent thoracic trauma. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in otherwise healthy individuals with no clinically apparent lung disease, whereas secondary pneumothorax is a consequence of an underlying lung disease. This review focuses on their management in the acute medical setting. The specific ...

This editorial discusses a number of trends affecting the pricing of generic medicines in Europe. With respect to pricing, recent evidence has emerged that European generic medicine manufacturers face competition from Indian manufacturers; that the price level of generic medicines varies substantially between European countries; and that generic medicine manufacturers ...

BACKGROUND: The introduction of generic price-regulated systems in many European countries, the trend towards international generic medicine companies, and competition from Indian companies emphasises the need to gain insight into international prices of generic medicines. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to carry out an international comparison of ex-manufacturer prices of generic ...

BACKGROUND: In France control of pharmaceutical expenditure has been a policy priority for many years and generic policies have featured prominently on the policy agenda. Measures including reference pricing, generic substitution and international non-proprietary name (INN) prescribing have been introduced in recent years. Generic manufacturers and wholesalers may offer discounts, ...

In 1998, Dr. Jacob Hale wrote about a 'borderland' between butch lesbian identity and FTM masculinity, suggesting a 'demilitarized zone.' While the intervening years have brought no 'demilitarized zone,' the border may not have a long future. Converging trends in identity among the younger generation in their teens and twenties ...

We derive a general relation between the nonanalyticities of the ground state energy and those of a subclass of the multipartite generalized global entanglement (GGE) measure defined by de Oliveira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 010305(R) (2006)] for many-particle systems. We show that GGE signals both a critical point ...

Treating CpCp*HfMe(OTf) (1) with LiSbH(dmp) results in formation of CpCp*HfMe(SbHdmp), which undergoes alpha-abstraction to liberate methane and generate CpCp*Hf=Sb(dmp), which is thermally unstable but can be trapped with PMe(3) or 2-butyne to give CpCp*Hf(PMe(3))=Sb(dmp) (2) and CpCp*Hf[eta(2)-Sb,C:Sb(dmp)C(Me)=C(Me)] (3), respectively.

Facemask general anesthesia is suitable for many minor surgeries but has become unpopular partly because of the laryngeal mask airway. Appropriate facemask anesthesia is safe, effective and cheap, and associated with minimal complications. It also improves the airway management skills of the anesthesiologist. The art and teaching of facemask anesthesia ...

Poor financial record keeping and blind trust are invitations for embezzlement. Clever thieves lure you into a false sense of security and complacency. They gain your trust, test the waters, and then go in for the kill. Don't be the victim of an embezzlement scheme that has your practice financing ...

Two widespread misconceptions regarding Tc are dealt with. First, it is shown that although primordial Tc has decayed completely, Tc is still present in nature due to natural processes, in addition to substantial man-made quantities. Thus, Tc cannot be considered as a purely artificial element. Second, it is shown that ...