Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the management of haemophilia in the fetus and neonate. This includes information regarding the management of pregnancy and delivery as well as aspects of management during the early neonatal period. Specific issues regarding the mode of delivery and the risk of intra-cranial and extra-cranial haemorrhage ...

Integrative medicine (IM) has attracted increasing attention of the experts and patients around the world. Chinese medicine (CM), as the important part of IM, has played an important role in the treatment of cancer. CM is practiced side by side with Western medicine in many of China's hospitals and clinics. ...

Clinical reports on cardiac syndrome X (CSX) have been increasing in recent years. In general, CSX does not increase the cardiovascular mortality, but it can affect the patient's quality of life (QOL) and increase the incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Although a variety of drugs and therapies have ...

The use of alternative medicine (AM) in Australia dates back to its earliest times, with the indigenous medicine of the aboriginal peoples and the folk medicine of the early English settlers. AM has until recently existed quite separately from Western biomedicine (WB) and there has been little integration of the ...

Treating diabetes mellitus (DM) with Chinese medicine (CM) has had a few thousands years of history. Past Chinese medical texts had already recorded numerous medicinal herbs as well as recipes for treating DM and accumulated much clinical experience. In the following article, the prevention of DM using CM in the ...

The prevalence of forestry practices such as thinning and pruning have gradually decreased since the 1980s. Researchers have noted an increased flood risk with decreased forestry practices for coniferous plantations in Japan on the basis of infiltration and overland flow measurements at a plot scale (typically several square meters). However, ...

To study the relationship between 500 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and the classification of their efficacies in Chinese Materia Medica in relation to the common diseases listed in Internal Medicine. Database retrieval frequency of the quantitative statistical method was adopted. First, the 8 980 kinds of Chinese ...

Contractures are a common and disabling problem for people with spinal cord injuries. To date, contractures have largely been managed with physical interventions such as stretch and passive movements. These are typically administered either manually or with the assistance of various orthoses, devices or aids. However, the results of recent ...

Chinese medicines (CM) have been attracting interest and acceptance in many countries. Quality control is vital for ensuring the safety and efficacy of CM. Usually, CM are used as whole plant and/or combination of several herbs, and multiple constituents are responsible for the therapeutic effects. Therefore, quality control of CM ...

The 21st century opened with economic shifts the likes of which were not experienced for over half a century. The effects of these shifts require facial surgery specialists to conduct an objective audit of their business to not only survive but thrive in the new economic environment. This article discusses ...

This review focuses on how the study of anatomy in India has evolved through the centuries. Anatomical knowledge in ancient India was derived principally from animal sacrifice, chance observations of improperly buried human bodies, and examinations of patients made by doctors during treatment. The Vedic philosophies form the basis of ...

Francis Paddock (1814-1889), a graduate of Fairfield Medical College in western New York State, opened a general medicinal and surgical practice in the small town of Salem in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, between 1838 and 1839, where he lived and worked until his death a half century later. Two early volumes ...

Today, we have a clear concept of sexual medicine and how to define this medical discipline. But historically, the unification of sexuality and medicine was not a given condition. Medicine was mainly focused on human reproduction and how to prevent and treat sexually transmitted diseases. Hardly any other aspect would ...

The delivery of clinical services and the organisation and teaching of Sport and Exercise Medicine in the UK were developed in concept as long ago as 1912. It accelerated, particularly over the last 36 years, until the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine of the Royal Medical Colleges of the ...

We report the original recipes applied to treat apoplexy in the eighteenth century, as written in the personal notes of doctor of that century.

Using discourse analysis, this study examines the representation of prescription medicines in the UK newsprint media and, specifically, how the meaning and function of medicines are constructed. At the same time, it examines the extent to which the newsprint media represents a resource for health information, and considers how it ...

In the second half of the nineteenth century, multiple and contested interpretations of the practices and scriptures of Islam emerged in north India, as different groupings of faith be-came formalised. Fundamental questions, such as who a Muslim was, were answered differently by each group, based on the exclusion of all ...

The relationship between orthodox (mainstream) medicine and heterodox (fringe) medicine during the nineteenth century continues to puzzle historians of medicine. Though many have qualified the sharp antagonism between the two as a (biased) historical construct, it remains difficult to lay bare the common problems that structured mainstream and fringe. In ...

In Italy, malaria was an endemic disease that was eradicated by the mid-20th century. This paper evaluates the prophylactic and therapeutic remedies used by folk medicine to cure malaria in Calabria (southern Italy).The data has been collected by analysing works of physicians, ethnographers, folklorists and specialists of the study of ...

Greek classical medicine was not transmitted directly from classical antiquity to the Western Middle Ages by a continuous tradition, but passed through the Arabic world, where it had been preserved thanks to translations from Syriac and/or Greek into Arabic. From the Arabic world, Greek medicine arrived to the West, through ...

The theory we now know simply as 'evolution' was first presented to the scientific world one and a half centuries ago, on 1 July 1858, when the work of two men, Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Robert Darwin (1809-82), was jointly read at the Linnean Society. While Charles Darwin has ...

The attitude of 19th century (and even of 20th century) scholars toward medieval and, particularly, Anglo-Saxon medicine has been of severe criticism. According to them it was filled with superstition and stupidities. However, in these last fifty years research has proved that, compared with the Continent, Anglo-Saxon England was not ...

Even though it is true that the medical historiography of the 18th century is lacking in great scientific personalities, it is equally true that the entire century is characterized by continuous efforts to encapsulate the medical area of knowledge, acquired until then, in precise and systematic outlines, to serve the ...

Charcot and Pasteur were scientific contemporaries, but their relationship has not been extensively studied. We analyzed available source documents from the Charcot Library, Bibliothèque Nationale, Institute Pasteur, and Pasteur Library. These documents demonstrate that in spite of geographical proximity, international and local recognition, Charcot and Pasteur largely pursued their careers ...

Health-care professionals who manage children are regularly confronted with clinical questions regarding the management of the full spectrum of otitis media: acute otitis media; otitis media with effusion; and chronic suppurative otitis media. Given the variety of potential therapies available, the wide spectrum of middle ear disorders, and the lack ...

Blood-letting was a common therapeutic method in antiquity; many means were used to draw blood, including the application of leeches. In this paper, ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine authors up to the 7th century AD were studied, a research that provided us with references that may be divided into two ...

Although there had been occasional references to the visual aura of migraine even in ancient medicine, little attention was given to the phenomenon until the first half of the nineteenth century when French authors began to describe it. In the medicine of English-speaking countries, apart from a few descriptions, it ...

In cardiac medicine, Dr. Michael Ellis DeBakey is the undisputed pioneer of this century, maybe even in history. The design of the ventricular assist device (VAD), the Dacron-created artificial blood vessel and his many other firsts revolutionized heart surgery (specifically aortic surgery) forever. In fact, his contributions were enormous and ...

The article below is intended to reflect on whether or not a eugenic tendency constitutes an intrinsic element of human fertilization in vitro. The author outlines ideas and circumstances which characterized the foundation and propagation of eugenics between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A brief discussion follows on some of ...

The notion of "resource management" has inspired some historians to rethink the nature of the state authority in early modern Europe. Like recent work on parts of Italy and Germany, this article investigates the development and implementation of legislation that sought to regulate the management and exploitation of forests. This ...

The paper deals with certain aspects of healing miracles in the 17th century. In the beginning I outline methods recently developed in the history of medicine to deal with unnatural phenomena. I use division suggested by Anne-Marie Korte and comment on sceptical, apologetical and hermeneutical approach. Further I demonstrate difficulties ...

Filtration experiments were conducted to investigate soluble manganese removal in granular media filtration; sand, manganese oxide coated sand (MOCS), sand + MOCS (1:1) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as filter media. Manganese removal, manganese oxide accumulation, turbidity removal, and regeneration of MOCS under various conditions were examined. Soluble ...

Abu ul-Ala Shirazi, who lived around the 10th century at the Court of Amir Azud ul-Duleh Bueieh (902-951) from the Dailami Dynasty, found that arsenic, known as sam-al-far, could cure malaria. A clinical trial dating from the 10th century demonstrates Abu ul-Ala's intelligence and careful clinical observation, in the tradition ...

The resurgence of Islamic Civilization in the Near East in the 7th century AD and its expansion to Persian Empire and Westward provided opportunities of access Persian, Hellenic, and Roman writings in philosophy and medicine. Based on their observations and experiences, Islamic physician-philosophers expanded upon those writings and at times ...

The medicinal use of chocolate has a long history in North America dating back to the 16th century. From Mesoamerican Codices and European Treatises scholars have determined that for hundreds of years the beverage called chocolate was administered to the sick and prescribed homeopathically to prevent illness. Yet, little scholarship ...

The aim of this paper is to characterize the efforts of late nineteenth-century Danish psychiatrists to have their field recognized as a discipline in its own right, and their fight to be accepted as practitioners of science, following common scientific standards of exactness and proof. This struggle took place on ...

The 11th century was culturally and medicinally one of the most exciting periods in the history of Islam. Medicine of this day was influenced by the Greeks, Indians, Persians, Coptics, and Syriacs. One of the most prolific writers of this period was Ibn Jazlah, who resided in Baghdad in the ...

Over the past several years, primary care providers have been referring a large number of their patients to gastroenterologists for colonoscopy because of "low caliber stool" or "pencil thin stool." Most textbooks of internal medicine and gastroenterology consider "small caliber stool" as one of the presenting signs of colorectal cancer ...

Various methods of artificial respiration using manual chest compressions with or without movement of the arms were first proposed by Leroy d'Etiolles in 1827 and introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. External manual methods generating a forced expiration were preferred until Safar reintroduced mouth-to-mouth ventilation in 1958 ...

Evliya Celebi, a famous Ottoman traveller of the mid seventeenth century, has left us a written account of the places he visited in central Europe. This paper discusses operations that he claimed to have witnessed in Vienna in 1665, the most extraordinary of which was an example of neurosurgery, and ...

The history of childcare dates back to the beginning of time. This article critically analyses the history of paediatrics from its roots to mid-nineteenth century with the view to examine its evolution and influence on today's practice. Paediatrics as a sub-speciality of medicine only began in the fifteenth century when ...

This is a case study on a series of at least thirty-four sixteenth-century notebooks from the Sloane collection, which reconsiders early modern notetaking techniques and the organisation of knowledge. These notebooks were written by an anonymous compiler, a physician who read widely in the alchemical and medical literature available in ...

At the end of IX and beginning of the X century begins development and renaissance of the medicine called Arabic, and which main representatives were: Ali at-Taberi, Ahmed at-Taberi, Ar-Razi (Rhazes), Ali ibn al-Abbas al-Magusi (Haly), ibn al-Baitar, ibn al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), ibn Sina (Avicenna), ibn al-Haitam (Alhazen), ibn Abi ...

Cocaine was brought to Europe after the discovery of America. In the 19th century, the active component of coca leaves, named cocaine, was extracted and several researchers started experimenting with the substance, describing many physiological and pathological effects of its action. The first scholar to practically demonstrate the possibility of ...

Pablo Luis Mirizzi (1893-1964), who was born and died in the city of Cordoba in Argentina, dedicated his life to the service of surgery and the teaching of his students. Although known for the introduction of the intraoperative cholangiogram and for describing the Mirizzi syndrome - a partial obstruction of ...

This contribution is about Kosta Marko Cepenkov, a medicater from 19th century from Prilep. The data about the treatment of diseases have been collected from the Authobiography of his son, Marko Cepenkov, the famous collector of Macedonian folk literature. The Autobiography was published in 1958 in Slavistics journal Macedonian Language ...

In the International Headache Society classification of headaches, the concept of aura is given a key role. It serves as a boundary between 'migraine without aura' and 'migraine with aura'. Historically, the concept of an aura was borrowed from the epilepsy vocabulary; a borrowing that took place in English medicine ...

The centralization of socioeconomic resources following the rise of the Islamic empire in the 7th century nurtured an initial gathering and translation into Arabic of extant medical texts in Greek, Syriac, Hindu and Chinese. As Arabic became the lingua franca of scholarship, there followed a second period of assimilation, original ...

A brief historical review of medicine during the fourth century Islamic civilization or eleventh century AD in Persia or Iran was undertaken with its focus on Avicenna. A physician-philosopher, named Ibn Sina or Avicenna (980 to 1037), followed and further expanded the tradition of western philosophy and medicine by Aristotle, ...

Recent work in teleosts has renewed interest in the dermomyotome, which was initially characterized in the late 19th century. We review the evidence for the teleost dermomyotome, comparing it to the more well-characterized amniote dermomyotome. We discuss primary myotome morphogenesis, the relationship between the primary myotome and the dermomyotome, the ...