Inscriptions carved in a rock on the Greek island of Thera and dating from the 6th or 7th century BC have homosexual contents. Originally considered a testimony to ritual sacred acts, they were described by Marrou (1956) and Dover (1978) as vulgar pornographic graffiti. Arguments against this view and in ...

This article on legal issues is structured in two parts--the first details the fictitious case of a routine pyelogram in which the patient had an allergic reaction to the contrast media. In the second section, Mr. Hollingsworth gives up-to-date information on liability issues and precautionary measures for managers.

An abiding mystery of the mind-body connection is that it should seem mysterious at all--an indication, perhaps, of how deeply conditioned we have been by "dualism." That doctrine, laid down more than three centuries ago by French philosopher Rene Descartes, sees mind and body as distinct entities, to be treated ...

Although the effective control of acute otitis media has reduced the number of cases of acute coalescent mastoiditis, the incidence of chronic mastoiditis caused by cholesteatoma has not been decreased with antibiotic usage. Surgery is required for management. This article outlines preoperative management of patients with cholesteatoma and the approach ...

Jewish interest in medicine has a religious motivation with the preservation of health and life as religious commandments in the Holy Scriptures. Despite a basic belief that God caused disease and effected cures with physicians as agents, Jews accepted the rational medicine of ancient Greece. They assisted in the spread ...

This paper presents an analysis of the symbolic meanings implicit in an ostensibly empirical therapeutic system. The Shakers, a celibate communal religious order founded in New York State in the mid 1770s, were practitioners of botanic medicine, as were many other Americans in the nineteenth century. This study analyzes the ...

The development of specialization in Australian medicine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was not welcomed by all practitioners. Nor was the separation of a class of credentialled surgeons welcomed. The founders of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons met opposition from many medical quarters, some of which ...

This communication reports the households remedies for the treatment of chronic fever, whooping -cough and carbuncle prevailed in Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh in India.

Leeches have been used in health care since ancient times by physician and layman alike. As just one of several methods of bloodletting, the leech became the focus of a science that included such subjects as indications, modes of attachment, complications, and relative contraindications. The popularity of leeching has varied ...

The achievements of 19th century medical education, practice, literature, and science and their affect on 20th century medicine are reviewed. The contributions made by 19th century physicians to change medical education are described, as well as the social processes that influenced medicine and science in both centuries.

Kampo medicine is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine that is known as Sairei-to and has been used to treat otitis media. This preparation was given orally for 4 weeks to 35 children with secretory otitis media (SOM). Four of 46 ears (8.7%) completely resolved while 32 ears (69.6%) showed a ...

The British medicolegal system, which today is largely based on the Coroner's Act of 1887, developed slowly, beginning with the election of county coroners in the 12th century. The duties of the medieval coroner included the collection of revenues due to the Crown, recordkeeping, presiding over inquests, and overseeing juries ...

From the beginning of the 16th century the use of the padded cap to prevent injuries of the middle-face and skull in infants during their period of learning to walk is documented in art and medicine. Especially the painters of the Dutch and Flemish schools left beautiful paintings and drawings ...

After more than 30 years of experience in the United States with high-osmolality, ionic, radiopaque contrast media (HOCM), low-osmolality contrast media (LOCM), both ionic and nonionic, have recently been introduced into the marketplace. Under the current atmosphere of cost controls (prospective payment system) and consumerism in medicine, the higher cost ...

Nine Bedford Square has now been established as a Centre for Anaesthesia. It is a town house of considerable merit in the first square to have been planned on the London estate of the fifth Duke of Bedford. Built between 1775 and 1780, it is now the last complete Georgian ...

Yellow fever was responsible for several epidemics among the settlers in tropical areas of the Americas and Africa during the 17th to the 19th centuries. Scientific research into its cause and epidemiology was started at the beginning of the present century and progressed well ahead of other viral disease research. ...

Albucasis lived throughout the tenth century, practicing medicine for more than 40 years in Zahra at the outskirts of Cordoba. This was the period of the greatest splendour of Arab domination of Spain. Albucasis taught medicine at the university of Cordoba and published an encyclopedia of medicine comprising 30 volumes, ...

Longstanding diffuse otitis externa can lead to irreversible skin changes, canal stenosis, and deafness. Although usually responsive to aggressive medical management, some cases prove refractory. Surgery consisting of a canalplasty and meatoplasty is recommended in these rare instances. The senior author's management of this disease is outlined in detail. Three ...

Forty-one children between the ages of four and 10 years who presented with acute otitis media were offered routine audiometry six weeks after the attack. Fifteen of the 39 children who attended audiometry failed the test at six weeks, and eight children had a persistent hearing loss of 30 decibels ...

Late nineteenth-century medico-psychological approaches to the mind-body problem are discussed in relation to psychiatry's theoretical constitution as a distinct 'mind-body' science and practice, and to John Hughlings Jackson's 'doctrine of concomitance'. Psychiatric 'explanations' of the mind-body relation are interpreted as expressions of psychiatry's independent professional interests vis-à-vis neurology and general ...

Bleeding and cupping have been used in medicine since ancient times in the treatment of fevers and local inflammatory disorders. Local bleeding, by 'wet cupping', was effected by a scarificator or by leeches. John Hunter recommended venesection in moderation but preferred leeches for local bleeding. Bleeding as an accepted therapeutic ...

Beginning at the turn of the century, this report examines the effect of the recently invented phonograph on practical and experimental efforts to reconcile the century-old separation of medicine and music. Progressing chronologically, events are examined which affected the use of music in physical medicine during the first half of ...

Pneumatoscopy, the use of the pneumatic otoscope to determine mobility of the tympanic membrane (TM), has not been widely adopted in emergency medicine. The loss of TM mobility occurs with fluid in the middle ear and provides a reliable indication of all forms of otitis media. This communication advocates pneumatoscopy ...

The present-day division between surgery and medicine, and between surgeons and physicians, is examined in its historical context. It is contended that from the earliest times up to the thirteenth century of the Christian era in Western Europe such a division was not recognized, and that the separation which then ...

The life of William Osler, MD, spanned three nations and two continents and left an enduring and universal impact on medicine. Osler held professorships during his career in Montreal, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Oxford. His achievements great and small during these periods have been medallically commemorated both in his lifetime and ...

The failure of Western medicine to deal with many of the problems it is currently facing has led to an awareness of the need for a fundamental reappraisal. The way in which medical concepts derived from the nineteenth century have brought technical medical advances in this century and the alliances ...

With the population explosion of the last century, major changes in sewage removal and sanitation were necessary. Two men offered important designs for the modern flush toilet. Sir John Harington was a poet in 16th Century England, while Thomas Crapper was a plumber and businessman in the same country 300 ...

Gaspare Tagliacozzi published his carefully documented procedures for nasal reconstruction at the end of the sixteenth century. However, almost all authorities in the succeeding century failed to give him credence. Although his name was widely known, his work became an object of scorn. James Cooke, author of one of the ...

The Ancients had at their disposal torpedo fish, amber and magnets. It was not until the sixteenth century that ideas on the strange behaviour of amber and magnets were put forward. The eighteenth century saw the application of Newton's theories of matter and the introduction of the electrostatic machine, Galvanism ...

Attempts to resuscitate the apparently drowned began seriously in the eighteenth century. The theories and methods of resuscitation used or advocated by some of the early European workers have been reviewed. Many of these, including artificial ventilation, chest compression, endotracheal intubation and electrical stimulation of the heart seem to have ...

Appropriate management of acute infections of the middle ear rests upon the initial assessment. Therefore, one must become familiar with the technique of examination and learn how to recognize the variations in the appearance of ear drums.In the average medical practice, antibiotics are usually warranted. Ampicillin is the drug of ...

Five media, including Trypticase soy agar (TSA; BBL) pour plates, spread plates of TSA, Mycophil agar with chloromycetin, Mycophil agar with chloromycetin and Actidione, and cornmeal agar with chloromycetin were quantitatively and qualitatively compared for the detection of fungi on spacecraft. Cornmeal agar with chloromycetin yielded the highest number of ...

While modern medicine can boast great progress, it is distressing that 50 percent of all hearing disturbances remain unexplained. The incidence of serous otitis media, for example, is increasing, and is often missed during preschool physical examination.The article describes its incidence and its possible etiology. Diagnosis is achieved through a ...

The BBC has cloned its educational radio and television programming into an extensive Internet humanities resource. BBC online contains essays, multimedia features, and visual sources on topics in history, art and literature. "Victorian Medicine - From Fluke to Theory" discusses the changes in health and medicine from the 18th century ...

Animal Magnetism and Radionics were among several occult practices used during the 19th century for the treatment of disease. D.D. Palmer was exposed to these teachings and derived many of his ideas about health from the folk medicine practices of his time.