How does a simple nervous system control a behavior? In the bloodsucking medicinal leech a single neurotransmitter, serotonin, has been found to orchestrate the animal's search for a target, the movements of its jaws, the filling of its crop and even the distension of its body that eventually tells the ...

Responses of commercial laying hens to 16 management systems were examined for 10 laying periods of 28 days each. Twelve cage treatments consisted of housing three, four, or five hens in deep and shallow cages of different dimensions which provided .035 and .046 m2/hen. Four floor treatments housed 35 hens ...

As the profession of physician manager grows, an agreed-upon content, what it is that physician managers do, is being defined. In order to adequately judge the performance of members of the profession, however, we will need to move from content to process definitions. We will have to ask ourselves what ...

Behavioral medicine is a relatively new interdisciplinary field which combines biomedical and behavioral science knowledge, and applies them to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Behavioral medicine programs provide a valuable service to patients with chronic illness, psychosomatic or functional disorders, treatment noncompliance, and behavioral risk factors. Behavioral medicine faculty are ...

This article reports a survey of attitudes and current practices regarding behavioral medicine in American and Canadian medical school departments of psychiatry. Participants were eighty-two chairpersons of departments of psychiatry. Five major areas were addressed concerning the existence, location, and composition of behavioral medicine faculty and their contribution to training ...

Measured attitudes regarding cockpit management were contrasted for pilots whose line flying performance was independently evaluated by Check Airmen as above or below average. A highly significant discriminant function was obtained indicating that these attitudes are significant predictors of behavior. The performance of 95.7% of the pilots was correctly classified ...

Behavioral medicine is a newly emerging field dating back to the early 1970s. In this short time, a great deal of controversy and confusion has arisen as to even the definition of the term. Similarly, there are now a variety of different operational applications of this concept in patient care, ...

Neurally mediated physiologic responses fulfill all of the criteria for behavior and obey all of the laws of behavior subject to the anatomic and physiologic constraints inherent in their structures and functions. It is illogical and wrong to assert that neurally mediated responses interact with behavior. THEY ARE BEHAVIOR. These ...

Conflict in organizations of any type is inevitable. Medical institutions, particularly multispecialty clinics, are no exception. This paper presents an examination of the anatomy of conflict in group practice settings. Several case studies, including the "Hunterdon Experiment," are presented to illustrate the outcome of conflict situations where management was unable ...

The author argues that conflicts of obligation may, but need not, give rise to issues of divided loyalties. Given this, the question then becomes under what circumstances and conditions a simple internal conflict may escalate into the problem of divided loyalties or fiduciary ambiguities. After discussing conflicts of obligation, it ...

The chapter begins with a brief history of the behavioral medicine movement along with an overview of contemporary activities in the field. Three subsequent sections review technical innovations in major areas of clinical behavioral medicine: treatment, health care delivery, and preventive health care. The final section describes the methodological characteristics ...

The inpatient setting is commonly used to teach residents various aspects of the practice of medicine. This paper describes how inpatient teaching rounds can be expanded to teach the biopsychosocial approach to patient care. The background and early development, the structure of the teaching, and specific case examples of behavioral ...

The management literature of the past few decades was imbued with a humanistic, behavioral science orientation in which the formal use of power was down-played. But with the changing economic climate has come a reappraisal of concepts of power and leadership, and more than ever the clinician-executive must recognize his ...

Two African species of Aspilia (Asteraceae), which are used medicinally by man and which are eaten by wild chimpanzees in an unusual manner, were found to contain the potent antibiotic thiarubrine A as a major leaf phytochemical. Its presence in leaf material strengthens the view that the feeding behavior of ...

Historically, management theorists have recommended the avoidance or suppression of conflict. Modern management theorists recognize interpersonal conflict as an inevitable byproduct of growth and change. The issue is no longer avoidance of conflict but the strategy by which conflict is resolved. Various strategies of conflict resolution and the consequences of ...

In this study, a woman who was nonambulatory and severely handicapped was taught to get out of her wheelchair and cruise around a table. She was provided with instructional feedback, repeated practice, and appropriate social reinforcement to acquire the cruising skill. Repeated practice was provided when she was unable to ...

Training for the management of violent behavior, on the part of both hospital security officers and other staff members, is essential if violence and inappropriate behavior, and their consequences, are to be successfully dealt with. The laws and practices centering around the concept of training negligence are discussed fully in ...

Eleven overweight subjects received a behavioral treatment program for weight loss and a nutritional self-management program during a 10-week treatment period. The nutritional self-management program was evaluated using a multiple-baseline across-groups design. The results indicated that caloric restriction without the nutritional self-management program did not result in the consumption of ...

No one drug is specific for the management of violent behavior. Rather, the pharmacologic treatment of aggression is best approached by identifying and treating the underlying psychopathology, with the expectation that the violent behavior will resolve secondarily. Pharmacologic management is probably most successful when other treatment modalities such as family, ...

Behavioral medicine brings knowledge and skills from the social sciences to the practice of medicine. Modifying behavior which causes a health problem, disease prevention and health promotion, improving the relationship between patients and health professionals, understanding cultural and ethical issues, and the effect of illness on behavior are all aspects ...

Behavioral medicine had its formal beginnings at a Yale University conference in 1977; thus, as a field, it is still in an embryonic state of development. Behavioral medicine practitioners focus on operationally defined behaviors to set treatment goals, formulate treatment plans, and monitor changes in symptoms. They evaluate a patient's ...

The broad goal of the behavioral medicine rotation described here is to help residents become more effective in recognizing, evaluating, and dealing with psychological problems and issues. The preceptor, a clinical psychologist, works with one resident at a time, sees all or most of the resident's patients with the resident, ...

It is suggested that in the future alcohol abuse is likely to be treated as part of a program of general health management designed to change a number of health-related behaviors simultaneously. The overall program will emphasize detailed contingency and stimulus management procedures in the early stages, with control passing ...

Juvenile squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva may exhibit "malignant" behavior with multiple recurrences presenting difficulty in management. We have successfully treated a child with the carbon dioxide laser who had failed three previous surgical excisions, cryotherapy (twice), and chemotherapy. The carbon dioxide laser permits a precise form of tissue excision ...

Historically, stuttering has been treated with a multitude of approaches, including wine, burning, surgery, rhythmic tapping, psychoanalysis, and family counseling. Behavioral methods gained prominence in the 1960's with a re-emphasis on breathing and by using modern technology, e.g., delayed auditory feedback and Brady's metronome. Psychotropic medications have demonstrated practical limitations ...

The goal of this study was to study empirically individual and household characteristics and their relation to individual medicine use behavior. The study accounted for 40% of the variance in prescribed medicine use and 20% of the variance in nonprescribed medicine use behavior for 545 AFDC households in Northern Mississippi. ...

In man, apolipoprotein A-IV is characterized by a genetically determined polymorphism controlled by two codominant alleles. Two isoforms of this apolipoprotein, designated A-IV-1 and A-IV-2, can be identified by isoelectric focusing. Among 1000 healthy factory workers participating in an epidemiological study, A-IV-1 (genotype 1-1) was observed in 85%; A-IV-2 (genotype ...

Two major features of the overcorrection procedure, restitution and positive practice, were analyzed for their educative and suppressive properties in the treatment of profoundly retarded adults. Positive practice techniques that were topographically similar and dissimilar to the target behavior were studied. Eating behavior and puzzle performance were observed. Restitutional overcorrection ...

Fifty-nine cases of vitreous loss managed by anterior vitrectomy were followed up for an average of 26 months. Thirty-seven cases were managed by automated anterior vitrectomy and 22 by cellulose sponge anterior vitrectomy. Both techniques, when performed by resident ophthalmologists, give equivalent results. Anterior vitrectomy for vitreous loss gives significantly ...

A study was conducted to test the criterion validity of a set of patient management problems (PMPs) through a direct behavior-by-behavior comparison of performance on the PMPs and performance in the practice setting. The PMP cases were replicated in the practice setting through the use of role-playing actors. At the ...

The authors review the role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine in three areas: 1) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, 2) the role of behavioral or lifestyle factors in illness onset, and 3) the overlapping of psychiatric and behavioral factors with medical illness. Within each areas they ...

This article explores the phenomenon of "folie à deux"--an aberrant relationship between manager and subordinates that is characterized by shared delusions. Though most visible among public figures like Adolf Hitler, J. Edgar Hoover and Jim Jones, the problem also surfaces among private managers and their associates with dangerous implications for ...

There is substantial variation between physicians in the extent to which they employ psychiatric referral as a mechanism for dealing with their patients who have psychiatric problems. A variety of factors, including personal characteristics, professional attitudes, training and practice characteristics, were hypothesized to influence styles of practice in this area ...

Thirty general practitioner consultations with patients with psychological problems referred to a clinical psychologist for behaviour therapy, were examined. Treatment was carried out wholly within the practice. Consultations for advice and psychotropic drug prescriptions were compared during one year, both before and after treatment, and were found to be reduced ...

The trend in medicine has been towards specialization which promotes a philosophy that extensive knowledge of a limited field is necessary for competence. Little emphasis has been placed on behavioral sciences as an important aspect for assisting the specialty physician in dealing with patients. Family medicine reverses this trend by ...

Instructions reinforcement (team points), and practice were applied to four behaviorally defined creative behaviors of eight fourth- and fifth-grade students. All four aspects (number of different responses, fluency; number of verb forms, flexibility; number of words per response, elaboration; and statistical infrequency of response forms, originality) were demonstrated to be ...

The effects of a training procedure and two maintenance contingencies on consequence-dispensing behavior were investigated. Four peer behavior managers were trained to supervise small groups of subjects (four to six per group) working in programmed math materials and were compared with a teacher skilled in the use of social and ...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.

Published on the Web by the Cornell Feline Health Center, part of Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, this information leaflet focuses on feline destructive behaviour. This leaflet explains destructive behaviours such as scratching furniture and carpets, and fabric or plant chewing, and it provides advice and tips for managing ...

Behavioral medicine brings knowledge and skills from the social sciences to the practice of medicine. Modifying behavior which causes a health problem, disease prevention and health promotion, improving the relationship between patients and health professionals, understanding cultural and ethical issues, and the effect of illness on behavior are all aspects ...

Medicine has developed sophisticated technologies based on an extensive knowledge base but it has met with serious application obstacles. Where prevention data is available, implementation of preventive measures faces great difficulty. Where compliance with treatment is found to improve outcome, ways to improve compliance have to be found. Although behavioral ...

Metabolic problems associated with injury; Intensive study and treatment of shock in man; Vascular components of cardiorespiratory disease; Blood and blood disorders; Gastrointestinal disease; Military Nursing; Body fluid and solute and renal homeostasis; analysis of behavior and of mediating mechanisms: experimental psychological factors; analysis of behavior and of mediating mechanisms: ...

The recent volcanic eruption at Kapoho, Hawaii, resulted in rituals and offerings to the Hawaiian Volcano Goddess, Pele.