Diversity and abundance of wild-insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed pollinators such as honey bees, is unclear. Here, we show universally positive associations of fruit set with wild-insect visits to flowers in 41 crop systems worldwide, and ...

Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) was both a writer and a doctor, as well as a patient. In spite of his literary success, he did not turn away from medicine until 1897, at the age of 37, when his tuberculosis became too serious. During his medical studies in Moscow, he wrote short ...

South Korea has maintained a dual healthcare delivery system that incorporates both traditional Korean and Western medicine. In this research, we identified the determinants of the frequency of using traditional Korean medicine among musculoskeletal patients, who are known to be the most frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine. In ...

Intensive case management and community support can reduce unnecessary emergency department visits.

OBJECTIVE: To complete a systematic review of emergency department (ED) practices for reducing hemolysis in blood samples sent to the clinical laboratory for testing. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies met the review inclusion criteria (12 published and 4 unpublished). All 11 studies comparing new straight needle venipuncture with IV ...

The American Urological Association recently developed guidelines to assist clinicians who evaluate and treat interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Knowledge in this area continues to advance, and some of the guideline statements differ from what clinicians may have been previously taught. This review includes the 27 guideline statements, which address both ...

As specialization in surgery grew in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, practices that combined ophthalmology with otolaryngology were common in the United States. When the knowledge base and technical skills for each of these fields grew and diverged, these practices became rarer. Their end was signaled by the ...

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of palliative medicine consultation on completion of advance directives/do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders by racial/ethnic minorities. Method: A sample of 1999 seriously ill African American and Hispanic inpatients was obtained from the Palliative Medicine Consultation database (n = 2972). Associations between race/ethnicity and diagnosis and documentation of ...

This paper readdresses the assertion found in much secondary literature that Greek medicine was adopted in Tibet in the seventh and eighth centuries. I discuss some of the traces of Galenic medical knowledge in early Tibetan medicine, and raise the question of why Tibetan medical histories who mention Galen give ...

Benjamin Rush was the first American physician to create a medical system that was distinct from European models. He was furthermore critical of shortcomings in European medicine and of aspects of 'modern' lifestyle, notably idleness and self-indulgence, which he regarded as detrimental to health. Nevertheless, he was Eurocentric and he ...

A survey was conducted at the 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons to determine current practice management strategies among its members. This article summarizes the audience responses to a number of different questions related to type of practice, use of physician extenders, potential sources ...

The PLoS Medicine Editors discuss financial conflicts of interest at the American Psychiatric Association, and raise concerns about new evidence from the social sciences that suggests conflict of interest disclosures worsen rather than ameliorate bias.

The Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines differs substantially from the prior versions both in process and in content. In this introduction, we describe some of the differences and the rationale for the changes.

The management of carotid artery disease includes both modifications in life style as well treatment of vascular risk factors. However, strict risk factor modification, including improved antihypertensive therapy, lipid management, smoking cessation, and antiplatelet therapy, promise for reducing the vascular event rate in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The best medical ...

To examine the frequency of pharmaceutical company representative (PCR) interactions with doctors in Libya and review possible associations between these interactions and the personal and practice setting characteristics of doctors. An anonymous survey questionnaire was circulated to 1,000 Libyan doctors in selected public and private practice settings in Tripoli, Benghazi ...

Management regimes have been identified as risk factors for equine intestinal motility disorders. However, it is not known how management factors affect gastrointestinal motility. Large intestinal motility was similar in horses on a stabled and a pastured management regime. To investigate the effect of 2 different management regimes on large ...

To quantitatively describe the practices of pediatric physiatrists who are members of the Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R). Cross-sectional survey using the SurveyMonkey instrument. The Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council. Eighty-six members of the Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council ListServ of the Pediatric ...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic and musculoskeletal injury rates have been high in dairy farming compared to other industries. Previous work has shown that social marketing efforts can persuade farm managers to adopt practices that reduce injury hazards compared to traditional practices if the new practices maintain profits. METHODS: The intervention disseminated information ...

To identify existing and preferred methods of accessing CPD for GPs in the first five years of independent practice. To establish areas of CPD need for this group. To quantify how many First5 GPs are currently part of a small group and if they undertake CPD in this format. To ...

The year 2010 marks the 25th anniversary of modern antiretroviral drug discovery and development. In the early 1980s, AIDS was almost always a lethal disease with an appalling clinical course characterized by severe opportunistic infections and unusual forms of cancer. Since that time, starting with zidovudine (AZT) and related 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, ...

The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms are widely consumed by the people due to their nutritive and medicinal properties. Belonging to taxonomic category of basidiomycetes or ascomycetes, these mushrooms possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They are also one of the richest ...

older people experience more chronic medical conditions than younger people, take more prescription medicines and are more likely to suffer from cognitive or memory problems. Older people are more susceptible to the adverse effects of medicines, which may reduce their quality of life or lead to hospitalisation or death. this ...

Between 1955 and 1977, The Ohio State University sponsored what is believed to be the first residency training program in aviation medicine. The training program was instigated by Richard Meiling, M.D., the associate dean of the College of Medicine, who had been a U.S. Army flight surgeon during World War ...

This article discusses responses to disease in Aberdeen during a formative period in the provision of healthcare within the city. The foundation of King's College was followed, in 1497, by the establishment of the first royally endowed university Chair of Medicine in the British Isles, and its first incumbent, James ...

Lately, encounters with angry clients seem to be more frequent and sometimes violent. While I do not claim to know why this is happening, in the course of 20 years of practice, I have developed insights into managing the angry and violent and de-escalating these situations.

The prescribing of psychotropic medicines for the paediatric population is rapidly increasing. In attempts to curb the use of psychotropic medicine in the paediatric population, regulatory authorities have issued various warnings about risks associated with use of these products in childhood. Little evidence has been reported about the adverse drug ...

AIM: To explore how New Zealanders aged 65 years and older manage their medicines in their own homes, and determine the problems and concerns they might have with taking them. SETTING: Urban setting, Dunedin (population 120,000), New Zealand. METHODS: Twenty in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken of community-dwelling people 65 years ...

For years, restorative practices and traditional orthodontics stood largely separate from one another save for the most extreme instances. Orthodontics has evolved over the years, and a new breed of orthodontic technology appeared in the late 1990s. A clear alternative to traditional orthodontics emerged, and Invisalign (Align Technology, Inc., Santa ...

'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'! So said Theodore Dobzhansky. It is extraordinary how little Darwinism and post-Darwinian evolutionary science has penetrated medicine despite the fact that all biology is built upon its foundations. Randy Nesse, one of the fathers of Darwinian medicine, recently observed ...

PURPOSE: An internal medicine (IM) residency program redesigned its second year, the Manager Year, to restore balance among autonomy, supervision, and clinical competence. This study examined the response of residents and some supervising attendings to this innovation. METHOD: In this qualitative study-part of a total program evaluation-two authors gathered data ...

Translational medicine has recently experienced an upsurge in interest and funding, yet the idea is not new. More than half a century ago, the Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson performed basic research on the neurotransmitter dopamine that was rapidly translated into the first clinical treatment for Parkinson 's disease. For his ...

The beginnings of pig domestication in Southwest Asia are controversial. In some areas, it seems to have occurred abruptly ca. 10,500 years ago, whereas in nearby locations, it appears to have resulted from a long period of management of wild boar starting at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Here, ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to survey the introduction of repeat dispensing in one general practice to discover any generalisable lessons. METHODS: Serial repeat-prescribing workload (GPs and receptionists) surveys were performed each day for whole, non-holiday weeks five times in the year and a patient satisfaction survey was undertaken mid-way through ...

Ayurvedic medicine thrives in Nepal. Even so, barriers of untouchability that have long prevented Dalits from establishing equal relationships with upper castes have made medical education out of reach for them. Hence, nearly all Ayurvedic practitioners are high caste men. Forty years ago, an "untouchable" man from the Himalayan foothills ...

Based on experience in selecting points and performing manipulation according to syndromes for more than 30 years of clinical practice, the author has summarized a simple, effective and practicable method to achieve the joint reinforcing-reducing effect of acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapies.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a 3year intervention to increase awareness and adoption of eight more profitable nursery crop production practices that reduced certain traumatic and musculoskeletal injury hazards. METHODS: We disseminated information to nursery managers across seven states using information channels they were known to rely on (e.g. trade publications, public ...

In this editorial we have summarised ten years of evidence relating to the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's and other dementias. We have presented this evidence in the context of the evolution of public and professional awareness of dementia and its management and prescribing patterns over this time frame. ...

Gerald W. Williams Collection

Guidelines recommend screening for gastroesophageal varices. Regional studies suggest screening is underutilized, but information from across the United States is unavailable. We explored practice patterns and adherence to guidelines in a random sample of physicians and sought to define whether differences existed according to practice type, setting and years of ...

Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (MALTomas) are well-documented and their management effectively established, but colonic MALTomas are extremely rare and not many know it could occur. We report the first colonic MALToma in the UK. The patient was managed in accordance with gastric MALToma management modalities in accordance with ...

BACKGROUND: Rabies is a fatal disease, and travelers going to endemic areas need to take precautions. Little is known about the rabies postexposure management of travelers from New Zealand. METHODS: A total of 459 post-travel records from October 1998 until February 2006 at two travel medicine clinics, in Auckland and ...

Turmeric has been used for thousands of years as a dye, a flavoring, and a medicinal herb. In India, it has been used traditionally as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores. Ancient Indian medicine has touted turmeric as an herb with the ...

Paleoecological evidence from the past 8000 years in the Galápagos Islands shows that six presumed introduced or doubtfully native species (Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria laevis/Diodia radula-type, Brickellia diffusa, Cuphea carthagenensis, Hibiscus diversifolius, and Ranunculus flagelliformis) are in fact native to the archipelago. Fossil pollen and macrofossils from four sites in the ...

Orthopaedic adult reconstruction subspecialists are sued for alleged medical malpractice at a rate over twice that of the physician population as a whole, and the rate appears disproportionately high in the first decade of practice. The overall risk of a malpractice claim is related to years spent in practice. After ...

Angrites are among the oldest known pristine basaltic meteorites and record the earliest stages of planet formation and differentiation. Our paleomagnetic analysis of three angrites found that they record a past magnetic field of approximately 10 microteslas on the angrite parent body extending from 4564 to at least 4558 million ...

Over 35 years of US and Canadian pollution prevention and control efforts have led to substantial improvements in environmental quality of the Detroit River and western Lake Erie. However, the available information also shows that much remains to be done. Improvements in environmental quality have resulted in significant ecological recovery, ...

This paper takes a critical look at progress and prospects regarding the sociology of pharmaceuticals over the years. Key themes examined include: (i) medicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation; (ii) regulation; (iii) consumption and consumerism; (iv) expectations and innovation. Papers in the monograph are also introduced and discussed in relation to these themes. ...

INTRODUCTION: Neurosurgery is a fast-evolving surgical subspecialty driven by technological advances, socio-economic factors and patient expectations. In this study, we have compared the work-load volume in a single institution in the years of 1994 and 2004 and commented on the possible reasons for the changes and the impacts they may ...

This article presents a short account of theories, methods, and experimental data formulated and carried out 120 years ago, by Ruggero Oddi, then a 4th-year student in medicine, about the identification of the common bile duct sphincter. A historical picture emerges which leads us to think that Oddi not only ...

AIMS: We examined potential risk of serotonin toxicity in Australian veterans by quantifying the concomitant use of serotonergic medicine combinations from claims data collected by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 273 228 Australian veterans, war widows, widowers and dependents aged >or=55 ...