Scientists researching and exchanging microorganisms have a responsibility to prevent misuse of the inherently dangerous ones. They need to be aware of the existing regulations and potential malicious use due to characters like pathogenicity or toxin production. Institutions working with biological resources, particularly culture collections and Biological Resource Centres (BRCs) ...

Abstract Trotula de' Ruggiero was the first female physician in history of medicine and her role at Medical School of Salerno. Her reputation in the Middle Ages was so important that her theoretical manuscripts were diffused in all European universities and laid the foundations for modern medicine. Of note, Trotula ...

This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of zoonotic disease risk among Australian veterinarians, the infection control practices they use to protect themselves from zoonotic diseases, and the factors influencing their use of these protective practices. A questionnaire was designed and piloted prior to its administration to veterinarians at ...

Being uprooted, displaced, and resettled can produce great tension in refugee marriages. This paper details a technique to help refugees recognize and manage changes and threats to traditional gender roles after resettlement to western countries. A case study from a multisite psycho-educational marriage project illustrates the application of the Relationship ...

Background. There is limited knowledge of the key determinants of antimicrobial prescribing behaviours (APB) in hospitals. An understanding of these determinants is required for the successful design, adoption, and implementation of quality improvement interventions in antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Methods. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with doctors (10), pharmacists (10), nurses and midwives ...

Nutritional medicine presents significant educational and clinical challenges worldwide. Major issues include physician shortages as a result of inadequate training, increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, incorporation of molecular medicine into our understanding of nutrition, and lastly, an emergent transcultural variable that affecting implementation strategies. ...

Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being used to promote the integrative medicine to manage, process and integrate the knowledge related to TCM anatomy, physiology, semiology, pathophysiology, ...

Between 1600 and 1700, sudden, profound, and multifarious changes occurred in philosophy, science, medicine, politics, and society. In an extremely convulsed century, these profound and convergent upheavals produced the equivalent of a cultural big bang, which opened a new domain of knowledge acquisition based on population thinking and group comparisons. ...

BACKGROUND: Performance feedback or debriefing in surgery is increasingly recognized as an essential means to optimize learning in the operating room (OR). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the current practice and barriers to debriefing in the OR. METHODS: Phase 1 consisted of semistructured interviews with surgical trainers ...

Typically, ethnobotanical/ethnopharmacological (EB/EP) surveys are used to describe uses, doses/dosages, sources and methods of preparation of traditional herbal medicines; their application to date in examining the adverse effects, contraindications and other safety aspects of these preparations is limited. From a pharmacovigilance perspective, numerous challenges exist in applying its existing methods ...

Between 1600 and 1700, sudden, profound, and multifarious changes occurred in philosophy, science, medicine, politics, and society. In an extremely convulsed century, these profound and convergent upheavals produced the equivalent of a cultural big bang, which opened a new domain of knowledge acquisition based on population thinking and group comparisons. ...

Death is our most repressed consciousness, it inheres our condition as the primordial fear. Perhaps it was necessary that this angst be repressed in man or he would be hurled against the dark forces of nature. Modern ethos was built on this edifice, where the 'denial of death' while 'embracing ...

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a rare neoplasm exhibiting a propensity for aggressive clinical behavior. This review seeks to provide the practicing dermatologist with a contemporary understanding of MFH in order to guide management decisions. An extensive review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and OVID databases, searching for ...

In the history of Ayurveda, Sushruta stands before Caraka. He practically applied Vaidika culture for treatment. His treatise translated into nine foreign languages apart from various Indian languages like Hindi, Bengali, Malayalam, etc., Sushruta is the most celebrated physician and surgeon in India. Though he practiced during the 5th century ...

The Monthly Treatment and Progress Summary (MTPS) was developed to assess treatment techniques applied in clinical practice. This study examined the factor structure of the reported therapeutic practice elements on the MTPS and explored patterns in technique use based on client and therapist characteristics in a community mental health setting. ...

Knowledge of awareness, behavior and barriers to putting carbon management in place is particularly useful for policy-makers in providing favorable conditions in support of firms' climate change adaptation measures. According to unique data from in-depth interviews with firms from the most fossil fuel-intensive industries in Fujian, China, the present study ...

This paper evaluates the differences between English and Croatian views of early modern medicine through the respective Renaissance plays. As Renaissance made no particular distinction between arts and sciences, plays of that time provide a very common source of medical narrative. During Renaissance both languages produced high literary achievements, which ...

Cultural traditions at the end of life solidify societal members. As the world becomes more globalized, socio-economic factors affect how traditional practices are expressed, and the role and toll they make on modern societies. This article examines the contemporary Akan funeral practices in Ghana. Akan lineage members, from birth through ...

In this Essay, we examine a case in which the organizational and logistical demands of a novel form of organ exchange (the nonsimultaneous, extended, altruistic donor (NEAD) chain) do not map cleanly onto standard cultural schemas for either market or gift exchange, resulting in sociological ambiguity and legal uncertainty. In ...

Forearm nonunions are uncommon but severely disabling and challenging to treat. Multiple factors have been associated with the establishment of forearm nonunions such as fracture location and complexity, patient characteristics and surgical technique. Treatment of diaphyseal forearm nonunions differs from that of other type of diaphyseal nonunions because of the ...

Effective behavioral management plans are tailored to unique behavioral patterns of each individual species. However, even within a species behavioral needs of individuals can vary. Factors such as age, sex, and temperament can affect behavioral needs of individuals. While some of these factors, such as age and sex, are taken ...

Bionic prosthetic hands are rapidly evolving. An in-depth knowledge of this field of medicine is currently only required by a small number of individuals working in highly specialist units. However, with improving technology it is likely that the demand for and application of bionic hands will continue to increase and ...

One of the particular characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the wide clinical variation as regards the treatment that can be found in the same patient. This occurs with specific treatment for PD, as well as with other drug groups that can make motor function worse. For this reason, the ...

One of the particular characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the wide clinical variation as regards the treatment that can be found in the same patient. This occurs with specific treatment for PD, as well as with other drug groups that can make motor function worse. For this reason, the ...

Over the last few years the scientific debate on Non Conventional Medicines and their integration with the academic or dominant medicine in our western society has activated a cultural transformation process. This article discusses the main reasons of the need for an integration between the supposed only scientific, mainstream medicine ...

The management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis has been a topic of considerable debate. In this article, we aim to critically review the recent literature as it pertains to surgical management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. We will explore the most recent trials looking at advancements in best medical therapy, as well ...

Diagnosis and management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries has evolved, and now the treatment often includes surgical intervention. The purpose of this paper is to define the current approach to postsurgical management after the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, review conservative management, and discuss surgical outcomes using a specified program.

Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal dystrophy and is a leading indication for corneal transplantation surgery worldwide. The disease was first described in detail more than 150 years ago by Dr John Nottingham, but the understanding of the disease and its management have undergone significant changes over the last few decades. ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate arguments given by board-certified surgeons in Switzerland for and against a career in surgery. BACKGROUND DATA: Currently, the surgical profession in most Western countries is experiencing a labor shortage because of a declining interest in a surgical career among new graduates, a changed public opinion of medicine ...

Colonic gallstone ileus is an unusual cause of colonic obstruction. Management of these patients is not standardized and can be challenging. As these patients are often ill and frail at presentation, surgical management needs to be individualized to decrease morbidity and mortality. We report a case that was managed by ...

Forestier's disease, also known as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), is a pathology of the vertebral bodies characterised by exuberant osteophyte formation. Symptoms range from negligible back discomfort to, less commonly, debilitating dysphagia and airway disturbances. Conservative management including analgesia, chiropractic and diet modification are common and effective treatments. However, ...

The most critical step in successful treatment of shoulder instability does not lie in surgical technique, but in accurate assessment of factors contributing to instability. Multidirectional instability (MDI) is initially treated with rehabilitation. The primary goal of rehabilitation is strengthening of the dynamic stabilizers, including the rotator cuff and scapular ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Empyema is defined as pus in the thoracic cavity due to pleural space infection and has a multifactorial underlying cause, although a majority of them are post-bacterial pneumonia caused by tuberculosis or by infection following penetrating chest injuries or surgical procedures. It is still associated with significant ...

The optimal management of patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) is controversial. The controversy largely stems from the lack of well-designed clinical trials with adequate follow-up to account for the relatively long progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with LGG. Nonetheless, the literature increasingly suggests that expectant management is no ...

The surgical management of thyroid disease and its indications continue to evolve. Selecting the appropriate management can often be challenging to both physician and patient. This article describes the surgical management of various thyroid pathologies. Using contemporary guidelines and clinical experience a framework for selecting appropriate surgical treatment is provided.

In this brief review, the authors will summarize recent changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, with a particular emphasis on the prognostic importance of mitotic rate and microsatellitosis, and address continuing controversial aspects of the surgical management of cutaneous melanoma.

This paper describes the novel approach of transverse cordotomy and cuneiform cartilage amputation for the surgical management of laryngeal paralysis in a dog.

This paper explores the challenges surgical practices face in coordinating surgeries and how the electronic surgical record management (ESRM) approach to surgical coordination can solve these problems and improve efficiency. Surgical practices continue to experience costly inefficiencies when managing surgical coordination. Application software like practice management and electronic health record ...

AIM: To describe systems for capturing and optimising collective knowledge and insight in areas of complexity and uncertainty in surgical oncology, with particular reference to the Delphi process and related systems. METHODS: Internet search engines (Google, Google Scholar) and four databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, Medline and Embase) were searched to find ...

PURPOSE: This case report provides an overview of surgical procedures, including single-event multiple level surgery (SEMLS) used in the management of secondary conditions in cerebral palsy (CP). Physical therapy (PT) management over 35 months following SEMLS is described for an adolescent (Gross Motor Function Classification System level II) with CP. ...

This neuroimage describes the clinicoradiological presentation of a Type II sacrococcygeal teratoma and summarizes its pathological features, its radiological presentation and its surgical management.

Recent literature contains numerous articles on osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) associated with bisphosphonate treatment (BPT), with most advocating a conservative approach to management. A prospective study was designed to review the surgical management of cases of ONJ that did not respond to conservative management. Forty patients, referred with ONJ ...

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a literature review regarding the clinical and radiographic diagnoses of impacted maxillary canines, as well as the interceptive treatment (including surgical and orthodontic management) used to prevent or properly treat impacted canines. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed clinical and radiographic studies, literature reviews and ...

Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy, which creates a significant workload for health-care professionals. For decades, surgical evacuation of the uterus has remained the conventional treatment of first-trimester miscarriage. Recently, non surgical treatments have been introduced with increasing popularity. This review explores the evidence in support of expectant ...

The definition of major bleeding varies between studies on surgical patients, particularly regarding the criteria for surgical wound-related bleeding. This diversity contributes to the difficulties in comparing data between trials. The Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC), through its subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation, of the International Society on Thrombosis and ...

Pessary is a low-risk and effective non-surgical treatment option for pelvic organ prolapse. Indications for pessary include symptomatic prolapse, if surgery is not desired or recommended, and use as a diagnostic tool to predict surgical outcomes. Evidence for pessary selection and management is incomplete so trial and error, expert opinion, ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe surgical approaches to the management of head and neck cancers and discuss postoperative management and challenges in rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer. DATA SOURCES: Peer reviewed journals, reference books, research studies. CONCLUSION: Surgical management of tumors in the head and neck is complex and ...

Lateral epicondylitis is the most common condition affecting the adult elbow. It occurs in middleaged individuals and is self-limiting in most cases. Based on clinical, histologic, and imaging data, the tendinous origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is the most likely site of pathology. When conservative measures fail, surgical ...

Lasers have been given much hype as regards their use in surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), especially with its modifications still remains the gold standard treatment for BPH, owing to its efficacy and proven advantages over laser prostatectomy. Cost, unproven long-term durability, steep ...

Around 15% of all known pregnancies miscarry during the first trimester. Historically, first trimester miscarriage was managed surgically to remove all retained products of conception, with the aim of minimising the likelihood of blood loss and infection from retained tissue. Nowadays, medical management (use of drugs such as mifepristone and ...