A semi-structured, web-based questionnaire was developed to survey midwives (n = 241) employed by NHS Tayside, UK, to identify current practice and views on weight management of obese women during pregnancy and the puerperium. A total of 78 (32%) midwives submitted responses following email invitation. Most respondents (79%) reported always calculating women's ...

The population of overweight patients presenting to burn facilities is expected to increase significantly over the next decades due to the global epidemic of obesity. Excess adiposity mediates alterations to key physiological responses and poses challenges to the optimal management of burns. The purpose of this study is to document ...

BACKGROUND: Trauma-support programmes may benefit employees of organizations that routinely expose their staff to traumatic events. However, in order for such programmes to be effective, staff need to find them acceptable. AIMS: To investigate whether Trauma Risk Management (TRiM), an example of such a programme, is acceptable within a military ...

Clinicians who manage sport-related concussions have excellent guidelines by which most injuries can be managed. Because sport-related concussions typically resolve within a short time frame, most can be managed with physical and cognitive rest alone. However, clinicians who specialize in the assessment and management of this diagnosis encounter patients with ...

This article discusses the appropriate assessment, initial management, timely referral to a urologist for abdominal, bladder, urogenital, and renal/renal collecting system injury. Appropriate laboratory and physical examinations, as well as radiologic imaging, are paramount to obtaining accurate diagnosis and to providing appropriate treatment.

Informal recycling is a new and expanding low cost recycling practice in managing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE or e-waste). It occurs in many developing countries, including China, where current gaps in environmental management, high demand for second-hand electronic appliances and the norm of selling e-waste to individual collectors ...

The most significant long-term complication of radiotherapy in the head-and-neck region is hyposalivation and its related complaints, particularily xerostomia. This review addresses the pathophysiology underlying irradiation damage to salivary gland tissue, the consequences of radiation injury, and issues contributing to the clinical management of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. These ...

The evaluation and management of cervical spine injuries is a core component of the practice of emergency medicine. This article focuses on evaluation and management of blunt cervical spine trauma by the emergency physician. Pertinent anatomy of the cervical spine and specific cervical spine fractures are discussed, with an emphasis ...

Orthopedic injuries to the upper extremity are frequently seen in the emergency department (ED). The emergency medicine practitioner must be proficient in recognizing these injuries and their associated complications, and be able to provide appropriate orthopedic management. This article highlights the most frequent forearm and elbow injuries seen in the ...

The technologic innovations of the last three decades, coupled with a deeper understanding of the immunologic role of the spleen, have significantly shifted the management of splenic injuries towards non-operative approaches. However, there continuous to be a wide range of practice patterns related to the non-operative management of splenic injuries, ...

The ability of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (OB-OEG) to promote histological and functional neural repair has been broadly documented. Pre-clinical studies show that beneficial effects of adult OB-OEG are repeatable in the same type of spinal cord injury initially tested, in other spinal cord and CNS injury models, in ...

Dysphagia, or swallowing difficulty, is a common problem following severe traumatic brain injury and is associated with an increased risk of malnutrition and pneumonia. Management of patients with dysphagia following head injury is complicated by the presence of cognitive, communication, and behavioral impairments. The purpose of this review article is ...

The current Spine Focus Issue reflects the collective efforts of members of the Spine Trauma Study Group, and seeks to summarize as well as critically evaluate many of the key controversies related to the management of spinal trauma and spinal cord injury. Some of the topics discussed in this issue ...

We describe the presentation and management of a patient who presented to our institution with severe nasal frostbite from nasal cannula supplemental oxygen malfunction. This rare complication has not previously been reported in the English Literature. We describe the physical properties of compressed oxygen release that may contribute to these ...

Concussion in the adolescent athlete is a common sports and recreation injury. Traditional management of concussion in this age group has focused on sport return-to-play decisions. However, new research on mild traumatic brain injury has dramatically changed the management of concussion. During the acute healing phase, physical and cognitive rest ...

INTRODUCTION: The spleen is the second most frequently injured organ following blunt abdominal trauma. Trends in management have changed over the years. Traditionally, laparotomy and splenectomy was the standard management. Presently, nonoperative management (NOM) of splenic injury is the most common management strategy in hemodynamically stable patients. Splenic injuries can ...

To describe how different health care specialists manage musculoskeletal injury in children and examine factors influencing return to play decisions. National survey. Secure Web site hosting online questionnaire. Medical doctors, physical therapists, and athletic therapists who were members of their respective sport medicine specialty organizations. Professional affiliation and the effect ...

Previous parts to this series on thoracic and neck trauma discussed the anatomy and physiology of the thorax, assessment and initial nursing interventions, imaging and adjuncts to diagnosis. Part 2 describes specific chest wall and lung injuries, types of pneumothoraces and their diagnosis and management. This section, part 3 of ...

BACKGROUND: A lack of health coverage at athletic competitions and practices poses concern over the knowledge coaches have in providing adequate health care to high school (HS) athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the need for education of coaches in the prevention, assessment and management of ...

Traumatic brain injury accounts for nearly 1.4 million injuries and 52 000 deaths annually in the United States. Intensive bedside neuromonitoring is critical in preventing secondary ischemic and hypoxic injury common to patients with traumatic brain injury in the days following trauma. Advancements in multimodal neuromonitoring have allowed the evaluation ...

The maxillofacial injuries sustained by British troops requiring aeromedical evacuation to the United Kingdom are almost exclusively treated at The Royal Centre for Defence Medicine in Birmingham. As a result the Maxillofacial Department has collectively gained extensive experience in the management of ballistic injuries. In many cases the most successful ...

Combat-related eye injuries continue to increase in frequency and are generally secondary to Improvised Explosive Devices. Many ocular injuries are potentially preventable by the wearing of ballistic eye protection. The management of penetrating eye trauma is normally outside the routine practice of maxillofacial surgeons in the UK. The aim of ...

The NICE guidelines were published in 2003 in an effort to standardise the management of traumatic head injuries, and advise a CT brain in certain situations. To evaluate the influence of the NICE guidelines on the management of head injuries in a county hospital. Complete clinical data were obtained for ...

A stab wound to neck is an infrequent but highly important presentation to the ED in Australasia. Injuries to the two large neurovascular bundles that are vital to life might occur with associated injuries to midline aerodigestive structures. A literature review was undertaken to discuss the assessment and management of ...

The contemporary management of projectile head injuries owes much to the lessons neurosurgeons have distilled from their experiences in war. Through early investigation and an increasingly detailed account of wartime clinical experience, neurosurgeons--including the field's early giants--began to gain a greater understanding not only of intracranial missile pathophysiology but also ...

Intrusive and lateral luxation are common traumatic injuries in children. The aim of this work is to report the successful conservative management of severe intrusion and lateral luxations of the primary maxillary central incisors in a 27-month-old patient.

This review sets out to provide an overview of the author's approach to the management of the urinary tract in the patient who has suffered from an injury to their spinal cord. Emphasis is given to the need to understand the fundamental pathophysiological patterns that are seen with injuries that ...

Sports participation is accompanied by risk of injury, and each specific sport has its own unique injury profile. One of the goals of a sports medicine professional is injury prevention, and the past decade has seen numerous reports on the outcomes of injury-prevention studies. Health care professionals have been particularly ...

BACKGROUND: The physical and psychosocial effects of trauma in refugees are wide ranging and long lasting. They can affect symptom presentation, the patient-doctor relationship and management of refugee victims of trauma. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses how refugees survivors of trauma may present to the general practitioner and gives an approach ...

Acromioclavicular joint (AC) separations are one of the most common injuries seen in orthopedic and sports medicine practices, accounting for 9% of all injuries to the shoulder girdle. Various operative and nonoperative treatment schemes have been described for the management of AC joint injuries. Although there is controversy about the ...

The initial management of posterior urethral injuries is controversial. Options of management include immediate surgical realignment, early realignment using minimally invasive techniques or simple suprapubic catheter (SPC) placement followed by delayed urethroplasty. The latter method has been preferred by most urologists but the last couple of decades have seen increasing ...

Posterior urethral injuries are seen in trauma cases with pelvic fracture. The time-tested and honored method of management is immediate supra-pubic diversion followed by delayed repair. Immediate alignment as a management option is not new. It was abandoned 30 years ago due to high incidence of incontinence and impotence. However, ...

OPINION STATEMENT: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease process that requires constant attention as one manages the associated body systems. Even though an "isolated" brain injury may be the cause for admission to the hospital, the injured brain cannot be thought of in isolation from the remainder of ...

Splenic injuries can be challenging to the sports medicine physician. While these injuries are not common among athletes, they can have serious, potentially fatal consequences if not properly diagnosed and managed in a prompt and timely fashion. Currently, there are no evidence-based guidelines on returning athletes to previous levels of ...

This article describes the non-operative management of five patients with ballistic abdominal solid organ injuries in a role 2E medical treatment facility. The selective non-operative management of ballistic abdominal solid organ injury is an accepted management strategy in high-volume civilian trauma centres, and appears to be equally safe and effective ...

In the UK, about 260,000 children with head injuries attend emergency departments each year (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2007, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 2009). About 90 per cent of these injuries are minor and can be managed without admission to hospital (Swann and Teasdale 1999). ...

Nearly one-fourth of all trauma admissions present in varying degrees of coagulopathy. According to a US study, 40% of trauma fatalities are due to hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock, and nearly all patients who are alive when they reach the hospital are coagulopathic when they die. Once coagulopathy develops, patient morbidity ...

BACKGROUND: Blunt injury to the carotid or vertebral vessels (blunt cerebrovascular injury [BCVI]) is diagnosed in approximately 1 of 1,000 (0.1%) patients hospitalized for trauma in the United States with the majority of these injuries diagnosed after the development of symptoms secondary to central nervous system ischemia, with a resultant ...

These guidelines were prepared on behalf of the European Association of Urology (EAU) to assist urologists in the management of traumatic urethral injuries. To determine the optimal evaluation and management of urethral injuries by review of the world's literature on the subject. A working group of experts on Urological Trauma ...

The objective of this review is to explore the work injury management models in literatures and the essential components in different models. The resulting information could be used to develop an integrated holistic model that could be applied in the work injury management system in Hong Kong. A keyword search ...

BACKGROUND: Concussive injuries are common in many sports and recreational activities, especially those involving body contact, collisions or high speed. Over the past 8 years, international experts met on three occasions to address key issues in the understanding and management of concussion in sport; most recently in Zurich in November ...

Modern air-powered pellet guns are capable of propelling their projectiles at velocities of 250 to 930 ft/s depending on their propulsion system-rivaling traditional small caliber firearms in the potential for serious soft tissue injuries. Management decisions regarding thoracic/cardiac pellet gun injuries must be based on the presentation and stability of ...

BACKGROUND: An earlier liver trauma audit (52 patients) noted that 50% were surgically managed at referring hospitals with a high morbidity and mortality, after which a regional referral and management algorithm was implemented in 2001. This study aims to reaudit specialist-managed liver trauma outcomes. METHODS: Prospective analysis of 99 patients ...

Since the 1970s, the management of blunt splenic trauma has evolved from almost exclusive surgical management to selective use of nonsurgical management in hemodynamically stable patients. Understanding of the spleen's immunologic importance in protection against overwhelming postsplenectomy infection led to development first of surgical techniques for splenic salvage and later ...

Suicidal cut throat injuries are either unreported or fortunately rare in our country. The management of these injuries requires a multi-disciplinary approach. This paper presents our experiences with managing three unemployed adult Nigerian males - two of Hausa ethnicity and one from the Tiv ethnic group presenting with cut throat ...

BACKGROUND: Despite being the leading cause of death and disability in the paediatric population, traumatic brain injury (TBI) in this group is largely understudied. Clinical practice within the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has been based upon adult guidelines however children are significantly different in terms of mechanism, pathophysiology and ...

INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to determine the incidence of missed injuries and inappropriately managed cases in patients with minor injuries and illnesses and to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of the emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) compared with junior doctors/senior house officers (SHOs). METHODS: In a descriptive cohort study, 741 patients treated by ...

This article discuss the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure, the consequences and treatment of secondary insults, and strategies for the medical and nursing management of the patient who has traumatic brain injury.

The incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injury in sports is low compared with other injuries. However, cervical spine injuries necessitate delicate and precise management, often involving the combined efforts of a variety of health care providers. The outcome of a catastrophic cervical spine injury depends on the efficiency of this ...

The improvised explosive device (IED), in all its forms, has become the most significant threat to troops operating in Afghanistan and Iraq. These devices range from rudimentary home made explosives to sophisticated weapon systems containing high-grade explosives. Within this broad definition they may be classified as roadside explosives and blast ...