During the dawning years of the chiropractic profession, many of our brethren ventured forth to the fertile land of California to establish thriving practices and schools. These early pioneers practiced outside the laws of California, and many became subject to persecution by the authorities. With these persecutions came counter-attacks which ...

In January 1997, after a lengthy, careful, and difficult process, an ad hoc group, chaired by Dr. Alan R. Fleischman, a Senior Vice President of the New York Academy of Medicine (NYAM), with representation from clinical medicine, biomedical ethics, law, and the clergy, developed a position on the difficult and ...

In this article we examine the impact of the policies and practices of the Guardians of the New Poor Law Unions on the management of pauper lunatics in four Devon Poor Law Unions in the critical period 1834-84. The central role of the Victorian Poor Law in provision made for ...

For over 30 years an embargo by the USA has restricted Cuba's ability to purchase foods and medicines. In 1992, the USA enacted the Cuban Democracy Act (CDA), which "exempted" the sale of medicines from the embargo. However, the implementation of the CDA's requirements and the intensification of the embargo ...

Practicing medicine successfully requires that errors in diagnosis and treatment be minimized. Malpractice laws encourage litigators to ascribe all medical errors to incompetence and negligence. There are, however, many other causes of unintended outcomes. This article describes common causes of errors and suggests ways to minimize mistakes in otologic practice. ...

This study investigated the effects of practice on the identification of multidimensional stimuli. Subjects were instructed to perform a two dimensional identification task. The stimuli could be identified either physically or connotatively. There were two orders of reporting the two dimensions of a stimulus. Analysis showed that method of identification ...

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in transsexuals is not allowed under Portuguese law which means that individuals have turned for aid to other countries to achieve the corresponding bodily 'correction'. Furthermore, those who submitted to SRS abroad suffered a stressful experience involving an unpredictable outcome when they asked for a subsequent ...

A survey was carried out among patent medicine dealers to evaluate their practices that militate against laws governing prescriptions-only medicines in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to 46 patent medicine dealers and later collected from them on appointment. Analysis of the results showed that all the patent medicine dealers were aware ...

The growth thermograms of strain 6, 2b, 3b, 5b, 1a, x, and y of Shigella flexneri with the inhibitory action of a synthetic medicine were determined by using the 2277 thermal activity monitor. Using a microorganism growth model with inhibitory conditions, the specific growth rate (mu) at different concentrations (c) ...

Having worked in and visited a number of neurosurgical theatres, I was surprised at how greatly the practice of accounting for swabs, patties and other such items differs from one hospital to another. I intended to revise the swab policy within my own theatre, and felt that it was necessary ...

Concerns about legal implications affect many decisions of the average radiologist, and physicians do not always appreciate the validity of these concerns. However, such concerns often influence radiologists' decisions more than is warranted. An improved understanding of the law and its ramifications may serve to prevent adverse legal effects found ...

A recent interactive electronic poll of 160 physicians attending an educational conference at ACPE's Future Forum reveals some opinions physicians have about the transition of medicine into the 21st century. Emerging issues include capitation, quality, law, and how to manage integrated delivery systems. Overall, respondents are concerned about remaining solvent ...

The author discusses the issue of scope of practice in podiatric sports medicine and cases involving this area of practice, as well as the attendant ramifications. By gaining insight into this tissue, it is hoped the importance of practicing within the specific state scope of practice laws will be recognized.

The inexplicit character of Graeco-Roman folk-medicine, together with the distorted and haphazard nature of our evidence, has led to easy denigration of its aims and methods. Analysis of the structure of the healing event, especially its spoken component, the charm, provides some insight into tacit beliefs about illness, and into ...

Since September 1971 the Medicines Act has provided the legal basis for controlling the manufacture, sale, supply and marketing of medicines in the UK. The law has been modified by Parliament and the incorporation of European directives, but until now its interpretation and implementation have remained matters for UK authorities. ...

Forensic medicine first developed in Bulgaria alongside the legal curriculum. Forensic services were established as early as 1883, following the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire. The first lecture on forensic medicine was given to students of the law faculty in Sofia in 1894. In 1917, the first Department ...

Many doctors are concerned about the law and the way it relates to their professional life, as was evident from the number of delegates attending the conference on legal aspects of medicine held at the Royal College of Physicians in November 1993. Those taking part came from a diversity of ...

According to a Dutch government-sponsored study (the Remmelink Report), out of some 9,000 requests for voluntary euthanasia made to doctors, only 2,300 cases were carried out. Based on this data, the Dutch Cabinet presented a law--which was barely passed (37 votes for vs 34 against)--providing doctors with a checklist of ...

Physicians and the public at large have strong convictions about many issues, such as abortion, euthanasia, and intending death. The strength of these beliefs often colors the language used in argument and even the perception of the argument itself, highlighting the differences and obscuring the many similarities between the opinions ...

With the introduction of the Foetus Protection Act of 1990 Germany has taken the lead of those countries which put criminal sanctions on the use of types of reproductive medicine which appear to be immoral. This is not merely a symbolic law. A whole range of possible practices is singled ...

Increased use of athletic trainers in sports medicine clinics has created a need for information related to actual and ideal use of these professionals in these settings. The purposes of this study were to 1) describe the characteristics of sports medicine clinics and their personnel, 2) determine whether there were ...

In negotiating with third-party payers, physicians--whether acting independently or as members of independent practice associations--must proceed very cautiously to prevent antitrust exposure. This article describes a number of government investigations in this area and provides some specific "do's" and "don'ts" for avoiding the appearance of collective action that might be ...

Dr Ted Gawthorn's adult life started as a naval fighter pilot during World War II. He was led to medicine after meeting his future father-in-law who was a GP. An early involvement with the young RACGP led to many years of service and diverse contributions, among the most memorable being ...

The "Fetus Protection Law" (Embryonenschutzgesetz ESchG) regulates the abusive use of reproductive techniques, the use of human embryos and the choice of sex. The Bundestag has singled out certain practices as being abusive, prohibited them and put criminal sanctions on them. Individual exemptions from criminal prosecution are made in favour ...

Get ready to update and improve your company's safety program. On pages 24-38, you'll find a comprehensive guide to safe industry practices to enhance your operation and help you stay in compliance with OSHA regulations such as the General Duty Clause and the Right-to-Know law. Achieving a safe, healthy, productive, ...

We have examined the concept of autonomy and some of its limitations. The choice between comprehensive and paternalistically modified information giving is not necessarily easy and the competence of a patient to comprehend and give informed consent in medically complex issues may be limited. In extreme cases, such as mentally ...

A hospital materials manager is considering eliminating routine purchase orders for most items of medical supply. This is due to the increased use of the telephone and of electronic devices such as fax, transceivers and computer hookups. Written purchase orders would continue to be mailed to suppliers for capital equipment ...

All doctors practice medicine within the confines of what is termed 'acceptable practice'. This acceptable practice is delineated by medical ethics, the actions of one's colleagues, social custom, and the laws of the country. Failure to conform to any or all of these constraints may result in professional ostracism or ...

It is a common feature of debates on the regulation of reproductive medicine to find law portrayed as a crude form of intervention consisting in the imposition of inflexible rules on doctors and medical researchers. This paper argues that this view must be replaced by a more accurate assessment of ...

In Mexico, as in many other countries, there are numerous situations involving bioethics that are not necessarily covered by officially sanctioned policies or guidelines. In such cases, it is reasonable to describe commonly accepted rules, opinions, and practices in a general way so as to illustrate how bioethical questions are ...

Developments in the practice of medicine and the practice of law have led to an interrelationship between the two. The distinctions between law, ethics and morality are highlighted as characteristic of the people to whom they apply and are further subject to influences consequent on colonisation, political dogma and economics. ...

This Decree-Law adds to Article 131 of the Civil Code of Guatemala the following language relating to the management of marital property: "Each spouse or cohabitant may dispose freely of property registered in his or her name in public registers, without prejudice to being answerable to the other (spouse or ...

Workers' compensation is a system through which the injured worker is assured by law of a partial income during the period in which he or she is unable to work. Presented in this article is a general discussion of the role of workers' compensation in our industrial society and how ...

Sixty pharmacies in Memphis, Tennessee were given two prescriptions at seven-day intervals to determine whether the medicine would be dispensed in child-resistant containers (CRCs) as required by federal law. One prescription included the statement "dispense in child-resistant container." Without such a statement, 77 per cent of the pharmacies dispensed the ...

Organized psychiatry has recently begun to define limits to expert testimony. The American Psychiatric Association filed an amicus brief in the case of Barefoot v. Estelle urging legal curtailment of psychiatric testimony as to future dangerousness and prohibition on Constitutional grounds of expert psychiatric testimony solely based on hypothetical data. ...

The procedures used in the United Kingdom governing the licensing of veterinary medicines based on an advisory committee procedure are summarised. The article does not purport to cover all aspects of medicines legislation and must not be treated as a complete or authoritative statement of the law on any particular ...

The amount of information that should be processed to reach a rational solution is so vast that it overwhelms our limited memory and analytic capacity. To grapple at all with real problems, we must shrink them to mind size. As Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon has suggested, we must learn to ...

Increasing litigation in recent years makes it more and more necessary for the surgeon to be on his guard against actions or omissions that might be construed as professional negligence. Some of the more common causes of such negligence and their avoidance are discussed. If the current tendency of the ...

Physicians now find it relevant to acquaint themselves with aspects of the law which heretofore were mainly of concern to the business world. One such area is antitrust, which is beginning to affect the practice of radiology. Three phases of the problem are discussed: exclusive privileges contracts; boycotts of nonphysician ...

We have tried to acquaint you with the basic elements of law relevant to the treatment of vehicle-related injury, i.e., the Good Samaritan clause, the definition of liability in surgery, warranty and informed consent. We have listed prophylactic measures to reduce medicolegal problems to a minimum. We have outlined the ...

Nevada's Senate Bill 448 was signed into law by Governor Mike O'Callaghan on 20 April 1973. The law permits the practice of Chinese medicine, including acupuncture, by practitioners who do not have to be physicians. The state legislature rapidly approved it with only two dissenters, one of them a physician. ...

Chiropractic practitioners with accredited qualifications should have the right to diagnose, the right to operate diagnostic imaging machines, and the right to the title doctor and Yee San. This paper reviews chiropractic practice in Hong Kong as well as laws and provisions of the health professions namely Chiropractors Registration Ordinance, ...

In 1891, Dr. F. C. Müller of Alexandersbad published in Friedreich's Blätter für gerichtliche Medizin und Sanitätspolizei a transcription from the Prussian State Archives of a trial of two lesbians that took place in Halberstadt in 1721. The records, translated here, describe in lively detail the religious life, wanderings, and ...

A questionnaire about attitudes and practices regarding therapeutic abortion was sent to 943 diplomates of the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology listed in California. In the 748 replies received, certain disparities between the views and practices of the specialists on the one hand and current California statutes on the ...

Rare is the individual respondent in a hearing before the California Board of Medical Examiners who has read the compilation of laws relating to the practice of medicine and surgery before he became involved with the law. Many physicians do not realize that the conviction of either a felony or ...