In general practice Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is most often treated on an empyrical basis. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to know the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in order to give some guidelines for the empirical management of CAP. At present in cases of mild and moderate severity, ampicillin ...

This paper looks at a variety of relatively unfamiliar texts in which doctors are reported as acting together, in worship, in medical groups, in practice, and in teaching. It concludes that there may have been far more healers than has been often supposed, who learned their medicine in a variety ...

Pneumonia is a major child killer in the developing world; to prevent such deaths, mothers must be able to differentiate pneumonia from common cold. Local concepts regarding these illnesses were studied by interviewing 315 mothers of young children in their homes in Punjabi villages. Mothers described pneumonia differently from cough-and-cold ...

The genitourinary system is a common source of disease in many animal species as well as humans, and the practice of comparative endourology is possible because of advances in the past decade in minimally invasive human surgery. Zoo veterinarians may have limited formal urologic training, and increasingly limited public funding ...

Comprehensive management of otitis media with effusion begins with a detailed assessment of disease burden and causative factors. Efforts directed toward primary control should precede medical or surgical interventions. The natural history and management of acute and subacute effusions differ greatly from that of effusions present two to three months ...

The authors conducted a questionnaire survey of health care managers in Canada to learn more about their careers, work experiences and attitudes; and to determine whether their careers differed by such factors as sector of employment, gender, years of experience, education and family status. Major findings include: in teaching and ...

This analysis of obituaries and in memoriam advertisements in Nigerian newspapers provides the identification of dimensions of content used to manage death and grief. Ten dimensions of content were abstracted: pictorial representation is a widespread practice, immediacy of announcement following death is an appropriate etiquette in the management of death, ...

1. When representing your practice in the community, always look professional and together. Be sure that your actions and demeanor reflect the best that you, and therefore your practice, have to offer. 2. Before you undertake screenings, be clear what you (a nonphysician/nonoptometrist) can legally do away from the office. ...

Total quality management (TQM) has the potential to help medical practices in the transition to a healthcare system that is more demanding in terms of both higher quality and lower cost. Incorporation of TQM principles, however, must be based on creating skills in the areas of teamwork, communication, and problem ...

It is imperative that the clinician/practitioner and diagnostic pathologist communicate. Both individuals practice their profession with innate professional biases based on training and experience. Like clinical medicine, pathology is a professional art and is subject to interpretative variance. When the clinician receives a pathological report that does not agree with ...

More information into the natural course of dysphasia has improved information related to prognosis. An increased understanding regarding the underlying complex basis of language and communication leads to interesting intellectual debate and confronts the previously more simplistic approaches to assessment and remediation without necessarily assisting by replacing these with coherent ...

By learning to ask both manufacturers and clinicians why a technology is needed, how it compares to the existing technology, and whether it will eliminate the need for the existing technology and by demanding specific answers, much more rational decisions can be made, which will be in the best interests ...

A survey of family medicine residents trained at community-based or hospital-based centres suggested differences in experience and in career plans. Community-based residents saw more patients in the same family, believed they knew the community better, made more housecalls, expected to use allied health professionals more frequently, and were more likely ...

The benefits of the risk management (RM) department of a healthcare organization often are intangible. Perhaps that is why it is difficult for the finance department to understand the need for RM. But while it is difficult for finance personnel to understand the advantages of RM, strong communication between the ...

As a manager, you control access to resources as well as social networks. Creating a communication environment open to change requires becoming more involved in the work experience. There are no shortcuts in developing a successful management style. To manage successfully requires a great deal of commitment and high levels ...

Effective management has traditionally been associated with men and masculine characteristics. In this study, I focused on manager communication, specifically the perceived effects of stereotypical gender/power speech styles. Union members viewed and rated a male and a female manager on videotape using three gender/power speech styles: stereotypical masculine (powerful), stereotypical ...

Case management has recently become a prominent issue in British community policy and practice, but one which, at the same time, has been subjected to a variety of interpretations. For this reason, it is considered useful to analyse it in terms of a framework embracing conceptual and operational components rather ...

Driving across the North Yorkshire moors in the course of a working day has its attractions, but the size of the largest FHSA in England and Wales can make for communication problems that need careful handling. For Chris Town, General Manager, North Yorkshire FHSA, management is about the art of ...

Often, there is an adversarial relationship between senior management and livestock managers. It is important that the veterinarian responsible for breeding management and health care maintain open communications with senior managers. Although the veterinarian may recognize livestock-management deficiencies that need changing, he or she must remain flexible within the constraints ...

This article reviews the current legal environment in which radiologists practice medicine and some of the key problems radiologists may experience. Particular attention is given to the need for accurate communication, complete charting, and carefully performed procedures. Information is also provided about the requirements for informed consent. Recommendations are made ...

One method of traditional medicine from Tihamat Asir in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia is described. This is native manual tonsillectomy which is performed by local healers. This has not been previously reported. Children who received this treatment were admitted to Asir Central Hospital (ACH) at Abha with varying symptomatology. ...

Although Community legislation has only recently been extended to cover veterinary biologicals, these products are fully covered by the recent Commission proposals for the free movement of medicinal products after 1992. The proposals are based on more than 25 years of harmonization of national regulations and more than 10 years' ...

A mailed survey of three hundred and twenty Australian health service managers provided a ranked list of competencies perceived as essential for effective management. A high level of concordance was evident as to the relative importance of forty-nine competencies generated in four focus groups. Of seven clusters of competencies: leadership, ...

Executive managers can ensure the most efficient management of the physical assets of their psychiatric hospital by involving the facility management staff in all phases of all planning and implementation. This paper stresses how maintaining expert in-house staff and equipping them with comprehensive computer-based tools results in the efficient use ...

Because of the risk of serious complication that accompanies the extended wear of contact lenses, clinical management should emphasize adequate communication with the patient and a systematic program of examination and follow-up. Management should be in compliance with informed consent requirements, which obligate practitioners to document instructions, findings, warnings, and ...

Interlibrary loan (ILL) is a critical service in most libraries and one that may consume much staff time. QuickDOC, a software program written by a medical librarian, has been designed to expedite and organize the process of requesting loans, keeping records, and preparing reports on ILL activity. The software communicates ...

Staff are one of the greatest assets a practice has, and effective communication and motivation is rewarding for all parties. Three years ago Charles Scola and his partners introduced a performance related pay (PRP) scheme into their busy general dental practice. Here, he discusses the resulting benefits and also some ...

This paper describes the philosophy, process, and outcome of the integration of independent study and classroom training with existing clinical and research experiences in The Mount Sinai Medical Center Department of Community Medicine's general preventive medicine and occupational medicine residencies leading to the creation of the Master of Science in ...

Modern society seeks pharmaceutical products which are safe, effective and of good quality. Many health workers may be unfamiliar with the licensing system for human medicines which attempts to ensure that those goals are attained. In the United Kingdom the legislative framework to attain these objectives is the Medicines Act ...

Venous thromboembolism constitutes a major cause of illness and death in this community. Awareness of the clinical circumstances predisposing to thrombosis, together with their appropriate prophylaxis and management, is important for general medical practice. While conventional heparin and warfarin remain important in these situations, new modes of use of these ...

While remaining influential in education and research in psychiatry and medicine, the biopsychosocial (BPS) model has been criticized for ambiguity in conceptualizing everyday clinical problems. As a multilevel general systems approach, it leaves obscure which system level (cellular, person, family, community, and so on) is most clinically important at any ...

This study describes a multidisciplinary team approach to prosthetic management for inpatients. A Communication Management System summary sheet was developed to list all prosthetic devices owned and basic information concerning any existing communication problems. The summary sheet is to be posted in a wooden frame above the patients bed. A ...

Employee frustration and turnover may be partly due to management's reliance on the HR staff. HR professionals should share their expertise with other managers, so they can effectively deal with some of their own staff problems. Find out how to help your organization's managers improve communications with their staff and, ...

By 1992 the European Community's pharmaceutical legislation will cover all industrially produced medicines, including vaccines, blood products and radiopharmaceuticals. The quality, safety and efficacy requirements have been harmonised, as have certain aspects of procedures for marketing authorisation or for manufacture. The complete texts of the 'Rules Governing Medicinal Products in ...

Beginning or expanding the use of nonprofessional personnel in dairy practice can increase practice output. This may occur by freeing professional time or by increasing the services provided by the practice. Careful consideration must be given to recruiting and hiring practices, to ensure that the person most qualified for the ...

A written examination was used to assess the knowledge base of 183 practicing certified internists. Analyses of the examination scores showed that performance on the initial American Board of Internal Medicine certification examination taken 7.6 years previously was the major factor predicting current knowledge base. By developing regression models, the ...

In the report "Honeyguides and honey gatherers: Interspecific communication in a symbiotic relationship" by H. A. Isack and H.-U. Reyer (10 Mar., p. 1343), the third and fourth sentences of the first full paragraph of column 2 on page 1344 should have read "This whistle, known in Boran language as ...

In Norway there is a century-long tradition for letting "the combination-doctor" work with both individual curative treatment and preventive health work in the community. A training programme for the medical specialty "community medicine" has been developed, and it requires at least five years of postgraduate training: one year in general ...

Schizophrenia is usually a chronic illness characterised by a series of relapses. Long-term management aims to achieve symptomatic remission for as long as possible. Maintenance drug therapy should be considered and is about one-third of the acute dose. Support in the community as offered by multi-disciplinary teams at day centres ...

Information on the management activities of community dietitians was obtained through a mail survey of 350 randomly selected community dietitians. Subjects provided information on their management level, the importance to their job performance of 83 management activity statements, and the percent of time they spent performing management activities in each ...

To provide a truly excellent service to the customer all those involved with out-patients must work together. All heads of departments must demonstrate the essential aspects of good management, not only within their own departments but also between departments. Only by planning, organising and communicating can we achieve a controlled ...

Physicians are moving into organized settings where their autonomy is more constrained and where management has more responsibility for physician satisfaction. The relationship of management practices to physician autonomy and satisfaction was explored in a survey of 185 psychiatrists in the State of Hessen in the Federal Republic of Germany ...

In 31 general practices in Adelaide, approximately 100 consecutive adult patients aged 15-64 years completed a 21-item questionnaire that related to their dissatisfaction with aspects of the care that was provided in the practice. Fourteen of the practices were "solo" practices, five practices were two-person partnerships and 12 practices involved ...

Developments of interest to the optics community reported in NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 11, No. 7 (July/August) 1987 are given below. Further information can be obtained by writing to NASA STI Facility, Manager TU Division, P. O. Box 8757, Baltimore, MD 21240-9985, citing the identifying number.

In the interest of public health, the European community has progressively established common scientific criteria for the evaluation of human and veterinary medicines and harmonized the national authorization procedures. One major consequence of this has been that neither the tests and trials carried out to obtain authorization nor batch controls ...

Developments of interest to the optics community reported in NASA Tech Briefs 11, No. 2 (February 1987) are given below. Further information can be obtained by writing to NASA STI Facility, Manager TU Division, P.O. Box 8757, BWI Airport, MD 21240-0757, and giving the identifying number.

Final year residents in training in Louisiana were surveyed regarding plans for medical practice and their perceptions of the importance of various factors in choosing practice locations. Most specialty groups selected smaller communities at similar rates. Growing up in small towns is associated with wanting to practice in small towns ...

The ability to skillfully lead meetings can contribute to a manager's effectiveness. There are four types of meetings, each serving different needs and requiring different leadership. A manager must know when to hold meetings, what leadership style is appropriate, how and when to use participative management, and how to facilitate ...

The attitudes of pharmacists in three practice settings toward a set of attributes associated with professionalism were studied. A questionnaire that included the 40-item Shack and Hepler professionalism instrument was mailed to 1999 pharmacists in Ohio. Responses from 617 pharmacists who worked in hospital, independent community, or chain community pharmacy ...

In the history of medicine new diseases have appeared recurrently, frequently in epidemic form. "New" medical and surgical treatments become fashionable and "diagnosis" becomes a reinterpretation of ambiguous phenomena in accordance with prevailing concerns, often promoted by vested interests. Such an epidemic can be understood in its social context against ...