Amendments to the European pharmacovigilance legislative framework are expected to come into force in 2011, following the adoption of the proposed amendments to Directive 2001/83/EC on the community code relating to medicinal products for human use (hereinafter referred to as the Directive) and to Regulation (EC) No. 726/2004 laying down ...

At present, there is little information available on how practicing dentists manage bruxism patients with respect to conservative, reversible techniques as compared to irreversible techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the most commonly applied therapies used for the management of bruxism by German general dentists (GDs) and ...

Farmers in the EU do not trade greenhouse gases under the Kyoto agreement. This is an empirical puzzle because agriculture is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the EU and may harvest private net gains from trade. Furthermore, the US has strongly advocated land-use practices as 'the missing ...

Intensification of game management may increase the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife despite eradication programs implemented in cattle herds in the same areas. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between wild game management practices and the presence of tuberculosis in red deer populations in Southwestern Spain. Five ...

In every country, a manufacturer of medicinal products for either human or veterinary use is required to operate in compliance with local legislation. In all EU Member States, legislation is approximated to the effect that they are committed to abide by the same standards. The candidate countries transpose the acquis ...

Allopathic private practitioners (PPs) in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of PPs about diagnosis and management of TB patients and Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) and their involvement in the programme. We randomly selected 260 PPs. Using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire, we collected ...

It is a common view that the integration of Chinese medicine (CM) and modern Western medicine is an efficient way to facilitate the development of CM. Integrative medicine is a kind of complex interventions. Scientific therapeutic evaluation plays a crucial role in making integrative medicine universally acknowledged. However, the modern ...

To investigate the efficacy of a 14-month integrated pharmacology and medicines management curriculum for undergraduate nursing students on the acquisition of applied drug/pharmacology knowledge. Despite considerable debate regarding nurses' ability to be able to fulfill their medication management responsibilities, little is known about how nurses should be educated in medicines ...

Can an information prescription protocol be successfully integrated into a family medicine practice seeking to enhance patient education and self-management? Milton Family Practice, an outpatient clinic and resident teaching site of the University of Vermont and Fletcher Allen Health Care, is located in a semirural area fifteen miles from main ...

OBJECTIVES: Although integrative medicine modalities are widespread and increasingly popular among patients and physicians, exposure to integrative medicine teaching remains limited during allopathic residency training. There is a need for innovative ways to incorporate integrative medicine teaching into family medicine residency training. INTERVENTIONS AND RESULTS: In an allopathic family medicine ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify doctors' utilization of ICT; to develop and characterise a typology of doctors' utilization of ICT and to identify factors that can enhance or inhibit the use of these technologies within medical practice. METHODS: An online survey of the 16,531 members of the Physicians Association of Barcelona who ...

A historical perspective on MPA identification and governance in South Africa reflects the continued influence of a top-down and natural science-based paradigm, that has hardly changed over the past half century, despite the wealth of literature, and a growing consensus, that advocates the need to adopt a more integrated and ...

A fuzzy adaptive management framework is proposed for evaluating the vulnerability of an ecosystem to losing ecological integrity as a result of climate change in an historical period (ex post evaluation) and selecting the best compensatory management action for reducing potential adverse impacts of future climate change on ecological integrity ...

This paper evaluates the processes and mechanisms available for integrating different types of knowledge for environmental management. Following a review of the challenges associated with knowledge integration, we present a series of questions for identifying, engaging, evaluating and applying different knowledges during project design and delivery. These questions are used ...

Turkey is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of table grapes. Growing social concerns over excessive pesticide use have led to farming to move from conventional to organic practices. Table grapes were collected from 99 different farms in three Aegean regions. Pesticide residues were only detected in farms ...

Chinese medicine (CM) draws growing attention from Western healthcare practitioners and patients. However, the integration of CM knowledge and Western medicine (WM) has been hindered by a barrier of languages and cultures as well as a lack of scientific evidence for CM's efficacy and safety. In addition, most of CM ...

The 2007 New South Wales/Queensland Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Annual Scientific Meeting convened a panel to discuss multidisciplinary perspectives on the management of placenta accreta, percreta or increta. While it was anticipated that this panel would stimulate discussion, the cohesion between the approaches was ...

Integrating the chemistry of selenium with its biology and ecotoxicology gives indications on how to regulate its environmental levels.

CONTEXT: In 1992, the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine (WVSOM) created a task force as part of an institution-wide initiative to integrate osteopathic principles and practice (OPP) across its entire curriculum. The goals of the initiative, which was implemented with the graduating class of 1997, were to create a ...

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), more recently known as integrative health or integrative medicine, is a diverse field comprising numerous treatments and practitioners of various levels of training. This review defines several of the main CAM modalities and reviews some of the research relevant to their clinical application. The goal ...

Alternative therapies are popular, and information about them should be included in the curricula of health profession schools. During 2000 to 2003, the National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine awarded five-year education grants to 14 health professions schools in the United States and to the ...

Leadership or management courses for undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students are often relegated to the last semester of study. The authors discuss how leadership and management constructs were integrated throughout the students' upper-division, 2-year nursing curriculum via 3 leadership/management courses. The purpose of this innovative leadership education model is to facilitate ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare religious characteristics of general internists, rheumatologists, naturopaths, and acupuncturists, as well as to examine associations between physicians' religious characteristics and their openness to integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). DESIGN: The design involved a national mail survey. The subjects were internists, ...

This article presents results of several studies in Middle, Eastern and Southeastern Europe on needs and application areas, desirable attributes and marketing potentials of forest management support tools. By comparing present and future application areas, a trend from sectoral planning towards landscape planning and integration of multiple stakeholder needs is ...

Tibetan medicine integrates diet, lifestyle, herbs, and accessory therapies to increase health and longevity. A comparison of the three humor theory of Tibetan medicine and the three thermodynamic phase properties of myelin lipids exemplifies how integrating medical systems can increase understanding of complex chronic disabling conditions. As a correlative study ...

Social, economic and environmental coherence is sought in the management of livestock wastewater. Wetlands facilitate the biogeochemical processes that exploit livestock wastewater and provide opportunities to achieve such coherence and also to deliver on a range of ecosystem services. The Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW) concept integrates three inextricably linked objectives: ...

Minnesota has played a leading role in the integrative holistic medicine movement in the United States for more than 2 decades. This article defines integrative holistic medicine and describes how it is practiced. It also discusses the reasons why institutions and providers here and elsewhere in the country have embraced ...

AIM: To summarize the way North Korea attempted to modernize its system of traditional medicine and integrate it with Western biomedicine. METHODS: We reviewed clinical textbooks and periodicals of traditional Korean medicine published in North Korea, research reports on North Korean health and medicine published elsewhere, and conducted interviews of ...

Current management of sanitation infrastructures (sewer systems, wastewater treatment plant, receiving water, bypasses, deposits, etc) is not fulfilling the objectives of up to date legislation, to achieve a good ecological and chemical status of water bodies through integrated management. These made it necessary to develop new methodologies that help decision ...

Development and evaluation of research-quality informatics tools for self-management support in personal and provider electronic health records (PHRs and EHRs) may improve patient outcomes by facilitating patient and provider education and communication around goal-setting, prompting consistent evidence-based treatment, and providing reminders and feedback. Nurses on primary care teams are well-positioned ...

Dentists naturally tend to think in terms of order and control. But the mistake is looking for them in technical speed, new materials, and chair time. What needs to be managed to bring meaning to practice is the interpersonal relations, especially those involved in building a team. This article describes ...

Nucleus management is critical in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), as the integrity of the tunnel, endothelium and posterior capsule needs to be respected. Several techniques of nucleus management are in vogue, depending upon the specific technique of MSICS. Nucleus can be removed in toto or bisected or trisected ...

The psychosocial model has become accepted into family practice as it begins to find its own home base seperate from that of the more academic and specialized medicine taught at most medical schools which focuses on expensive technological solutions to the problems of ill health. Integrative medicines adds another dimension ...

The management of natural hazards occurring over a territory entails two main phases: a preoperational-or pre-event-phase, whose objective is to relocate resources closer to sites characterized by the highest hazard, and an operational-during the event-phase, whose objective is to manage in real time the available resources by allocating them to ...

Fishers and small-scale fisheries worldwide have been marginalized historically. Now it is clear that integrating fishers in management processes is key to resource conservation, but it is less clear how to do it. Here, based on a literature review and new information, we present and analyze a case in which ...

Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is a traditional Korean form of medicine widely used in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. This paper reviews the main aspects of SCM and "physiome" with emphasis on integrative and holistic characteristics. Methodological and physiological aspects of SCM are summarized with reference to existing ...

Rapid growth of the holistic healthcare and natural products fields over the last 10 years reflects strong public interest in preventive medicine and a dissatisfaction with mainstream allopathic approaches. Medical schools and hospital systems have tried to meet the public's interest by educating physicians and providing hospital-affiliated integrative clinics. While ...

This paper demonstrates and discusses the clinical relevance for the use of direct gold, especially in restoring virgin caries in the modern restorative dental practice. In addition, this article is intented to highlight the advantages for oral health of placing restorative materials with the highest probability of long-term success. Also, ...

A tension in medical anthropology, as an interdisciplinary field, exists between those polar territories of the logic--and therefore grammars--of a positivist-scientific stance of biomedicine and a literary-philosophical one used to represent experience. Taking up literary-philosophical and existential perspectives from anthropology proper, I draw on an ethnographic study of a sensory-integration-based ...

This paper assesses the Bluff oyster fishery in New Zealand as a case study in common pool resource management. It discusses ways in which modern information technology, augmented by low-tech data gathering strategies and community ethnography, can be used to produce an integrated scientific and local knowledge-inspired fishery database that ...

Integrative medicine has been defined in several ways. For some it is a discipline that combines such approaches to the resolution of disease as acupuncture and homeopathy, meditation and imagery with more familiar and accepted health practices, such as surgery, pediatrics, and oncology. For others it is about cultivating awareness ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine current practices and develop a set of recommendations for the management of osteitis pubis in the Australian Football League (AFL). DESIGN: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews to gather data and thematic coding to analyze findings. SETTING: Participants were interviewed in their workplace or at a convenient ...

In 2008, the 50th anniversary of ASCH, hypnosis is used increasingly for healthcare applications in hospitals, clinics, and psychotherapy practice. A substantial body of research demonstrates the efficacy of hypnosis as part of the integrative treatment of many conditions that traditional medicine has found difficult to treat (e.g., Pinnell & ...

The healthcare programmes of the Region of Tuscany, Italy have contained references to various types of non-conventional medicine since 1996, and the last three Regional Health Plans have includes a chapter on non-conventional medicine that arguably represent the greatest degree of integration of such therapies in the public health care ...

BACKGROUND: A number of techniques, including cultural management, allelopathy and bioherbicide, have been considered as alternatives for synthetic herbicides, but successful weed control will require the careful integration of these multiple techniques. This study was conducted to assess the use of allelopathic rice varieties in combination with cultural management options ...

Ecosystem management was formally adopted over a decade ago by many U.S. natural resource agencies, including the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management. This approach calls for management based on stakeholder collaboration; interagency cooperation; integration of scientific, social, and economic information; preservation of ecological processes; and adaptive management. ...

National Quality Forum safe-practice guidelines encourage hospitals to integrate disclosure, patient safety and risk management activities. Combining collaborative law with a patient safety program in a parallel process makes it possible to achieve this integration. This combination provides for physician-led guidance in determining whether disclosure is required - and, if ...

The current status of energy medicine and its increasing challenge to the biochemical paradigm that has dominated conventional medicine are reviewed. Although energy medicine represents only a small fraction of 1% of the $2.2 trillion healthcare industry, 6 properties of energy medicine give it strengths that could augment conventional health ...

Cryopreservation is the best method of storing germplasm efficiently and safely, particularly for the maintenance of vegetatively propagated material. In IPK cryopreservation is used for potato, garlic, mint and yam. IPK collaborates with other cryobanks and research groups (ECPGR, COST, EURALLIVEG) and finds considerable differences in the adoption of cryopreservation ...

BACKGROUND: The customary medicinal plant knowledge possessed by the Australian Aboriginal people is a significant resource. Published information on it is scattered throughout the literature, in heterogeneous data formats, and is scattered among various Aboriginal communities across Australia, due to a multiplicity of languages. This ancient knowledge is at risk ...