This article describes the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of aspirin at doses used for cardiovascular prevention and provides specific management recommendations for optimal use in clinical practice. The paper highlights practical aspects related to antiplatelet therapy, including the optimal dose of aspirin, concomitant treatment with other NSAIDs, and ...

Approximately 1 million persons living in North America have an ostomy, and approximately 70% will experience stomal or peristomal complications. The most prevalent of these complications is peristomal skin damage, and the most common form of peristomal skin damage occurs when the skin is exposed to effluent from the ostomy, ...

The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has endorsed intrauterine devices (IUDs) as first-line contraceptive choices for both nulliparous and parous adolescents. The committee opinion did address some of the practical elements of IUD use in adolescents, but because these practical concerns may be barriers to use for both ...

In response to the recently released 2012 KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury (AKI), the National Kidney Foundation organized a group of US experts in adult and pediatric AKI and critical care nephrology to review the recommendations and comment on their relevancy in ...

This article describes cannulation events, especially problems, common and rare, minor and major, to aid the nephrologist (and mid-level providers e.g. nurse practitioner and physician's assistant) in decision-making to prevent or treat cannulation-related adverse outcomes. The usual management, potential outcomes, nephrologist intervention, and prevention are discussed and include: assessment of ...

The objective of this article is to provide a commentary on the recommendations for stroke prevention from the 2012 focused update of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on the management of atrial fibrillation and the evidence (or lack of it) supporting these recommendations. These guidelines strongly advocate a major ...

The aim of this study was to observe clinical procedures in order to evaluate the practices used for the control and prevention of bloodstream infections associated with short-term central venous catheters (BSI-ACVC). The study data came from 5877 assessments distributed among selected practices. The results revealed the following adherence rates ...

Medicine and pediatrics are changing and healthcare is moving from being reactive to becoming preventive. Despite rapid developments of new technologies for molecular profiling and systems analysis of diseases significant hurdles remain. Here we use the clinical setting of congenital heart block (CHB) to uncover and illustrate key informatics challenges ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There are significant gaps in the implementation and uptake of evidence-based guideline recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in Australian general practice. This study protocol describes the methodology for a cluster randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a model that aims to improve the implementation of ...

Influenza is a communicable acute respiratory infection which, during epidemics, can cause high morbidity and mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, often administered following a particular Chinese medical theory, may be a potential treatment of choice. To assess the effect of Chinese medicinal herbs used to prevent and treat influenza ...

Nanotechnology has had a great impact on science, technology, and society since 2000, and its applications in medicine are also progressing in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. In this review, international trends in nanomedicine regulation are introduced, including the definition of nanomedicines and the evaluation of liposomes and ...

The constitution of traditional Chinese medicine was established in 1970s by Chinese scholars, in which the constitutions of Chinese people were classified into nine types for study. The phlegm-dampness constitution is one of the nine constitutions and is the most common type in constitution study. Genomics studies found four upregulated ...

Clinical medicine has neglected the fact that the make-up of organs and body functions, as well as the human-specific repertoire of behaviors and defenses against pathogens or other potential dangers are the product of adaptation by natural and sexual selection. Even more, for many clinicians it does not seem straightforward ...

Nausea and vomiting are physiological processes experienced by every human being at some stage of their life. They are complex protective mechanisms and the symptoms are influenced by the emetogenic response and stimuli. However, when these symptoms recur frequently, they can significantly reduce the quality of life and can also ...

In the modern medical era sudden cardiac death and its causes among athletes have been described. Finding appropriate preventive ways from this tragic event is so important in sports medicine. According to different trials and observations, there are numerous reasons and some preventive strategies. Historically, sudden cardiac death among athletes ...

Medicinal plants are an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an ancient complex therapy considered today as one of the most complete complementary medicine system. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) listings included in Chinese Materia Medica cover more than 1500 plants and a great number of composite preparations. Recently, several ...

The overall objective of the Polish guidelines for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism is to increase patient benefit and safety by appropriate prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as well as proper management of the complications associated with antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. These guidelines ...

INTRODUCTION: In 1998, the first Japanese practice guidelines on osteoporosis was published. It has been updated several times, with the most recent being the full-scale 2011 edition and its abridged edition. The present guidelines provide information for the managements of primary osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years old, ...

Portal hypertension commonly accompanies advanced liver disease and gives rise to severe and life-threatening complications, including hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Diagnosis of portal hypertension in children currently relies on finding evidence of splenomegaly and the formation of portosystemic collaterals. There is a paucity of pediatric data to support the use ...

Abstract Background: In spite of the tremendous progress achieved in medical sciences in the last century, the management of diabetes mellitus, a disease as old as mankind, is poor. Diabetes is currently the world's largest endocrine disorder, and estimates are that it affects almost 5% of the population. Ayurveda, the ...

Constipation remains a challenging problem for patients and caregivers in home health. In Part 1 of this 2-part series, the scope, physiology, and evidence-based practice for nonpharmacological interventions for constipation are discussed. Part 2 will focus on pharmacological management of constipation, including medication cost, prevention of occurrence, and implications for ...

A number of novel oral anticoagulants that directly target factor Xa or thrombin have been developed in recent years. Rivaroxaban and apixaban (direct factor Xa inhibitors) and dabigatran etexilate (a direct thrombin inhibitor) have shown considerable promise in large-scale, randomised clinical studies for the management of thromboembolic disorders, and have ...

Non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes are responsible for nearly two-thirds of deaths globally. The potential to prevent these diseases through dietary changes is enormous, and policy makers at the highest levels worldwide have committed to taking relevant actions. Yet we are at an impasse in ...

Members of the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) recently completed the process of updating the MASCC/ISOO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mucositis. These guidelines, originally published in 2004, and last updated in 2007, provide ...

Osteoporosis poses a significant public health issue. In recent years, International and National Societies have developed Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, with an effort of adapting specific tools for risk assessment on the peculiar characteristics of a given population. The Società Italiana dell'Osteoporosi, del Metabolismo Minerale ...

OBJECTIVE: The commentary offers a discussion of the further study of translational research for preventive medicine. METHODS: We introduce an exemplary episode in a recent publication of ours in Preventive Medicine, discuss difficulty in grasping the properties of preventive medicine, and refer to our trial of putting prediction model applications ...

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) constitutes a significant factor in delaying recovery after anesthesia and impairing patient satisfaction. To date the prevention of PONV using single or multimodal interventions, usually based on risk assessment, has gained some popularity. However, comprehensive implementation and knowledge transfer of the latest accomplishments in the ...

Current prevention, diagnostic management and therapeutic management strategies for venous thromboembolism (VTE) almost all include an assessment of the clinical probability. Clinical decision rules (CDRs) are decision making tools using combinations of simple available clinical predictors to define a probability of an outcome which can be used in a preventative ...

In Europe, new medicines are approved or rejected on the basis of the results of studies carried out by the manufacturer and submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article briefly presents the main roles and responsibilities of the EMA and the key rules that govern the approval process. ...

Several health hazards including communicable diseases and skin conditions are associated with Barbers' profession to which their visitors are exposed. Thus, knowledge and practice of Barbers would play a vital part in prevention and control of these health hazards. So, the aim of this study is to assess knowledge and ...

This report is the collective product of word-leading experts working in the branches of integrative medicine by predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM) under the coordination of the European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. The general report has been prepared as the consortium document proposed at the EPMA ...

Some of you may remember the Donna Reed television show from the early 1960s. Donna played wife (and sometimes nurse) to her TV husband, Dr. Alex Stone. He was a pediatrician whose office was nearby, enabling Dr. Stone to come home for lunch. For those of you too young to ...

Over the past decade, there has been a transformation in the portfolio of medicines to combat malaria. New fixed-dose artemisinin combination therapy is available, with four different types having received approval from Stringent Regulatory Authorities or the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there is still scope for improvement. The Malaria ...

Prevention and Prevention Plus strategies for weight management were implemented for youth with developmental disabilities living in community group homes at a Midwestern educational/residential center. Caregiver staff were provided with weight management education, a communication tool for youth weight indices, weight and physical activity goals, dietary orders, and monthly follow-up ...

At present, there is little information available on how practicing dentists manage bruxism patients with respect to conservative, reversible techniques as compared to irreversible techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the most commonly applied therapies used for the management of bruxism by German general dentists (GDs) and ...

Amendments to the European pharmacovigilance legislative framework are expected to come into force in 2011, following the adoption of the proposed amendments to Directive 2001/83/EC on the community code relating to medicinal products for human use (hereinafter referred to as the Directive) and to Regulation (EC) No. 726/2004 laying down ...

Farmers in the EU do not trade greenhouse gases under the Kyoto agreement. This is an empirical puzzle because agriculture is a significant contributor of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the EU and may harvest private net gains from trade. Furthermore, the US has strongly advocated land-use practices as 'the missing ...

Intensification of game management may increase the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife despite eradication programs implemented in cattle herds in the same areas. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between wild game management practices and the presence of tuberculosis in red deer populations in Southwestern Spain. Five ...

In every country, a manufacturer of medicinal products for either human or veterinary use is required to operate in compliance with local legislation. In all EU Member States, legislation is approximated to the effect that they are committed to abide by the same standards. The candidate countries transpose the acquis ...

The introduction of biological science into the practice of medicine was a big transforming event for the profession, leading to different new medical models such as predictive, preventive and personalized medicine. Each of them is a rapidly emerging field that helps us to determine the risk for individuals to develop ...

Allopathic private practitioners (PPs) in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of PPs about diagnosis and management of TB patients and Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) and their involvement in the programme. We randomly selected 260 PPs. Using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire, we collected ...

It is a common view that the integration of Chinese medicine (CM) and modern Western medicine is an efficient way to facilitate the development of CM. Integrative medicine is a kind of complex interventions. Scientific therapeutic evaluation plays a crucial role in making integrative medicine universally acknowledged. However, the modern ...

To investigate the efficacy of a 14-month integrated pharmacology and medicines management curriculum for undergraduate nursing students on the acquisition of applied drug/pharmacology knowledge. Despite considerable debate regarding nurses' ability to be able to fulfill their medication management responsibilities, little is known about how nurses should be educated in medicines ...

OBJECTIVES: Although integrative medicine modalities are widespread and increasingly popular among patients and physicians, exposure to integrative medicine teaching remains limited during allopathic residency training. There is a need for innovative ways to incorporate integrative medicine teaching into family medicine residency training. INTERVENTIONS AND RESULTS: In an allopathic family medicine ...

Can an information prescription protocol be successfully integrated into a family medicine practice seeking to enhance patient education and self-management? Milton Family Practice, an outpatient clinic and resident teaching site of the University of Vermont and Fletcher Allen Health Care, is located in a semirural area fifteen miles from main ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify doctors' utilization of ICT; to develop and characterise a typology of doctors' utilization of ICT and to identify factors that can enhance or inhibit the use of these technologies within medical practice. METHODS: An online survey of the 16,531 members of the Physicians Association of Barcelona who ...

A historical perspective on MPA identification and governance in South Africa reflects the continued influence of a top-down and natural science-based paradigm, that has hardly changed over the past half century, despite the wealth of literature, and a growing consensus, that advocates the need to adopt a more integrated and ...

A fuzzy adaptive management framework is proposed for evaluating the vulnerability of an ecosystem to losing ecological integrity as a result of climate change in an historical period (ex post evaluation) and selecting the best compensatory management action for reducing potential adverse impacts of future climate change on ecological integrity ...

This paper evaluates the processes and mechanisms available for integrating different types of knowledge for environmental management. Following a review of the challenges associated with knowledge integration, we present a series of questions for identifying, engaging, evaluating and applying different knowledges during project design and delivery. These questions are used ...

Although significant experience exists in placing airway stents, and knowledge of stent-related complications is widespread, information is lacking regarding methods of surveillance and maintaining patency of these stents. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the actual practice patterns used by interventional pulmonologists for airway stent maintenance. We prospectively ...