Using human insulin, we report for the first time, the evaluation of fluorescence lifetime of an extrinsically added fluorogenic dye, Thioflavin T (ThT), as a more sensitive and convenient method for the assessment of fibrillation in the pre-fibrillar regime.

In this study, different flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FADGDHs) were characterized electrochemically after "wiring" them with an osmium redox polymer [Os(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(2)(PVI)(10)Cl](+) on graphite electrodes. One tested FADGDH was that recently discovered in Glomerella cingulata (GcGDH), another was the recombinant form expressed in Pichia pastoris (rGcGDH), and the third ...

Development of high-risk combinations of multiple islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes is associated with high-affinity insulin autoantibodies (IAA), but IAA affinity measurements require large serum volumes. We therefore investigated whether a simplified method of IAA affinity measurement using a low concentration of unlabelled insulin (ULI) competitor discriminated between moderate-high- ...

Insulin-loaded chitosan microspheres were engineered by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. Taguchi orthogonal method was applied to optimize the production time and reduce the number of experiments required to obtain an optimized formulation. Three variables were evaluated, i.e. chitosan and glutaraldehyde concentrations, and cross-linking time at three levels. ...

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two quantum dots of different sizes causes fluorescence quenching. Hereby a binding site pre-blocking approach is proposed to avoid this effect. Pre-binding of glucose on the donor occupies the binding sites and thus blocks resonance energy transfer between the two quantum dots, protecting the ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The detection of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) aids in the prediction of autoimmune diabetes development. However, the long-standing, gold standard 125I-insulin radiobinding assay (RBA) has low reproducibility between laboratories, long sample processing times and requires the use of newly synthesized radiolabeled insulin for each set of assays. Therefore, a ...

OBJECTIVES: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in placental development and function, although related to the pro-inflammatory environment when produced in excess. Previous studies have identified MMP-2 and MMP-9 overactivities in the placenta from diabetic rats. In this study, we aimed to determine whether diets supplemented with olive and ...

BACKGROUND: Ankle reflex is a simple screening tool frequently used in the detection of peripheral neuropathy. AIM: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance characteristics of ankle reflex in detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by evaluating the sensitivity, specificity and the predictive ability of the ankle reflex, ...

Background:  To validate the use of an economical portable multipurpose ophthalmic imaging device, EyeScan (Ophthalmic Imaging System, Sacramento, CA), for diabetic retinopathy screening. Design:  Evaluation of a diagnostic device Participants:  136 patients (272 eyes) recruited from diabetic retinopathy screening clinic of Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia. Methods:  All patients ...

For cost-effective population-based diabetes prediction and confirmation, islet autoantibody assays must be made more economical. We evaluated glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-Ruc (renilla luciferase) and IA2ic (also known as ICA512ic)-Ruc (renilla luciferase) fusion protein constructs in high-throughput islet antibody assay formats. Antigen production via transfection onto COS cells in 100 mm ...

OBJECTIVEDetermine the serum levels of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in control patients with type 2 diabetes but no MCI, and examine the relationship of esRAGE and MCI with other clinical factors.RESEARCH DESIGN AND ...

To evaluate HbA1c as a diagnostic tool in prediabetes-impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly detected diabetes (NDD), defined by plasma glucose and OGTT. 2,231 subjects, of mean age 50.3 ± 13.9 years and mean BMI 29.5 ± 6.2 kg/m(2), underwent an OGTT. HbA1c performance was assessed using the area under the ...

OBJECTIVEAutoantibodies to IA-2β (IA-2βA) are important risk markers of type 1 diabetes. We report the first Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) evaluation of IA-2βA assays.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThirteen laboratories from nine countries received coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy blood donors. IA-2βA ...

We previously suggested that the consumption of natto and viscous vegetables as part of a Japanese-style meal based on white rice (WR) reduced postprandial glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a single breakfast of natto and viscous vegetables or ...

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is recognized as a prominent feature of vascular dysfunction with diabetes. For self-monitoring of the risk of diabetic complications, we proposed a simple adhesion test of erythrocytes using positively charged surfaces and its adhesion property was found to correlate HbA(1c) level in diabetic ...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011 ABSTRACT: Background  Albuminuria is an indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods  In our cross-sectional study, we measured thrombin generation (TG), a key process in haemostasis and a tool to detect an individual's coagulation potential, ...

Aim: To assess a two-step automated system (RetmarkerSR) that analyzes retinal photographs to detect diabetic retinopathy for the purpose of reducing the burden of manual grading. Methods: Anonymous images from 5,386 patients screened in 2007 were obtained from a nonmydriatic diabetic retinopathy screening program in Portugal and graded by an ...

Abstract Objective: Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) has recently been recommended for diagnosing diabetes mellitus and diabetes risk (prediabetes). Its performance compared with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h post-glucose load (2HPG) is not well delineated. We compared the performance of A1C with that of FPG and 2HPG in preoperative cardiac surgery ...

Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes. The diagnostic utility of A1C has not been evaluated in Arabs, a population at increased risk for developing diabetes. Our objective was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of A1C for the ...

In order to assess their accuracy for the determination of glucose during the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, four different blood glucose monitors (BGMs), each utilizing a different enzymatic mechanism for the determination of glucose, were utilized in an experimental setup, which compares the efficiency of ionic liquid pretreatment ...

INTRODUCTION: Abnormal sympathetic nervous system and β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) signaling is associated with diabetes. [(3)H]CGP12177 is a nonselective β-AR antagonist that can be labeled with carbon-11 for positron emission tomography. The aim of this study was to examine the suitability of this tracer for evaluation of altered β-AR expression in diabetic ...

BACKGROUND: Detection of below-threshold first-phase insulin release or FPIR (1+3 minute insulin concentrations during an intravenous glucose tolerance test [IVGTT]) is important in type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention studies including the TrialNet Oral Insulin Prevention Trial. We assessed whether an insulin immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) could replace the less practical ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: An accurate molecular diagnosis of diabetes subtype confers clinical benefits; however, many individuals with monogenic diabetes remain undiagnosed. Biomarkers could help to prioritise patients for genetic investigation. We recently demonstrated that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are lower in UK patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A)-MODY than ...

A passively operated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device was designed for sampling of hormone secretions from eight individual murine pancreatic islets in parallel. Flow control was achieved using a single hand-held syringe and by exploiting inherent fluidic resistances of the microchannels (R_sampling = 700 ± 20 kPa s mm^-3 at 37 ...

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of everolimus vs. rapamycin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, 8-week old diabetic (db/db) mice received everolimus (2 mg/kg every day) or rapamycin (2 mg/kg every day) for 4 weeks or 12 weeks respectively. Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected for biochemical tests. ...

Objective: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) exert inflammatory and oxidative stress insults to produce diabetic nephropathy mainly through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). This study aimed to assess the effect of atorvastatin on diabetic nephropathy via soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and RAGE expressions in the rat kidney. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats ...

Hypoglycemia is known to affect repolarization characteristics of the heart. These changes are shown from ECG by prolonged QT-time and T-wave flattening. In this study we constructed a classifier based on these ECG parameters. By using the classifier we tried to detect hypoglycemic events from measurements of 22 test subjects. ...

A novel glucose-responsive controlled release of insulin system is constructed through coating enzyme multilayers on mesoporous silica particles (MSPs). The MSPs serve as the drug reservoir, and the enzyme multilayers cross-linked with glutaraldehyde act as a valve to control the release of insulin in response to the external glucose level.

Continuous surveillance of blood glucose is a prerogative of maintaining a tight glycaemic control in people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Implantable sensor technology offers the potential of conducting direct long term continuous glucose measurements, but current size restrictions and operational challenges have limited their applications. The osmotic sensor utilises diffusion ...

Abstract Background: EZSCAN(®) (Impeto Medical, Paris, France), a noninvasive device that assesses sweat gland dysfunction using reverse iontophoresis, also detects early dysglycemia. Given the interrelationships among dysglycemia, vasculopathy, and neuropathy, EZSCAN may detect kidney disease in diabetes (DKD). Methods: An EZSCAN score (0-100) was calculated using a proprietary algorithm based ...

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether measuring autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) and IA-2β (IA-2βA) may improve classification of new-onset type 1 diabetic patients based on detection of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), and IA-2 (IA-2A). In addition, we studied the correlation of IA-2βA and ZnT8A with other biological and ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Autoantibodies against the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) are common in type 1 diabetes (T1D). ZnT8A analyses are complicated by the fact that there are three variants of the autoantigen at amino acid position 325 representing ZnT8-R (Arginine), ZnT8-W (Tryptophan) and ZnT8-Q (Glutamin). The aims of the study ...

This critical review covers the present state of the art in optical sensing of glucose. Following an introduction into the significance of (continuous) sensing of glucose and a brief look back, we discuss methods based on (a) monitoring the optical properties of intrinsically fluorescent or labeled enzymes, their co-enzymes and ...

Aims  To examine the sensitivity and specificity of three cut-off points of Neuropad for the diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy and small-fibre dysfunction in patients within the first year after diagnosis of diabetes. Methods  Neuropad results were read at 10, 15 and 20 min and evaluated for diagnostic utility in distal ...

The purpose of the work presented herein was to develop a high-throughput assay for the quantification of human insulin in plasma samples while simultaneously detecting, with high mass accuracy, any additional variant forms of insulin that might be present in each sample. A mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) was designed in ...

Determining circulating equine insulin concentrations is becoming increasingly important in equine clinical practice and research. Most available assays are optimized for human medicine, but there is strong equine cross-reactivity because of the highly conserved nature of insulin. To identify an accurate and reliable assay for equine insulin, 6 commercial immunoassays ...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic inflammation of ruminants' intestine. Recent studies have linked Map to type I Diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We searched the presence of antibodies against two specific proteins of Map (MptD and MAP3738c) in sera of patients affected by ...

A capillary electrophoresis competitive immunoassay was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of insulin, glucagon, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) secretion from islets of Langerhans. Separation buffers and conditions were optimized for the resolution of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled glucagon and IAPP immunoassay reagents, which were excited with the 488 nm line ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and is common among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, no systematic screening for LVH is currently recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NT-proBNP was superior to ...

AIM: To determine the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) cut-points for diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among Asian Indians. METHODS: Participants (n=525) were a random sample selected from the India Health Study. Based on history and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), participants were classified into known diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), impaired ...

Abstract Background: A liquid meal tolerance test (LMTT) has been proposed as a useful alternative to more labor-intensive methods of assessing insulin sensitivity and secretion. Objective: This substudy, conducted at the conclusion of a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, compared insulin sensitivity indices from a LMTT (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [MISI] ...

Objective: To simultaneously evaluate tyrosine nitrosylation and phosphorylation levels of vitreous interleukins of patients with diabetic retinopathy, in which abnormal tyrosine phosphorylation has been previously described. Research Design and Methods: Specific immunoprecipitation of interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-7 was carried out in samples obtained during vitrectomy performed for proliferative ...

Purpose: To determine the changes in corneal sensitivity to different stimulus modalities in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) or type 2 patients (DM2) with retinopathy, and to explore whether argon laser photocoagulation aggravates sensitivity loss in diabetic patients. Methods: Corneal sensitivity to different modalities of stimulus was determined in one ...

Experimental evidence indicates that the relative lack of insulin in an organism results in an overall reduction in inflammatory reactions. This study was planned to determine the inflammatory events in antigen sensitized diabetic guinea pigs. Twenty-five male guinea pigs were categorized into five groups of five each as follows: diabetic, ...

Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, but often difficult to diagnose reliably. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between three point-of-care devices, Vibratron II, NC-stat(®), and Neurometer(®), and two clinical protocols, MNSI and monofilament, in identifying those with DSP, and/or amputation/ulcer/neuropathic pain (AUP), the two ...

Colloidal gold is extensively used for molecular sensing because of the flexibilities it offers in terms of modification of the gold nanoparticle surface with a variety of functional groups using thiol chemistry. We describe a simple assay that allows the visual detection of glucose in aqueous samples and demonstrates its ...

Objective:  To investigate if the combination of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) can be used for the diagnosis of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in people at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods:  We did a cross-sectional study in 2907 people at high risk for cardiovascular events without ...

Background:  Conditions that affect erythrocyte turnover affect HbA1c concentrations. Although many forms of anemia are associated with lowering of HbA1c, iron deficiency tends to increase HbA1c. We examined the effect of iron and hemoglobin (Hb) status on HbA1c and on the relationship between concentrations of fasting glucose and HbA1c in ...

A glucose micro-biosensor was employed as detector in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for determining the concentration of glucose in human serum. The micro-biosensor was based on the immobilization of the SWNTs-glucose oxidase-chitosan biocomposite at a platinized Au electrode by electrodeposition. The influencing factors including separation voltage, detection potential, pH value, and ...

GAD antibodies (GADA) are more common in type 1 diabetic subjects diagnosed at an older age, whereas insulinoma-antigen 2 antibodies (IA-2A) are more common in subjects with younger onset. The prevalence of both antibodies decreases with longer duration of type 1 diabetes. We evaluated the interaction between age of diagnosis ...