INT-131, a novel, non-thiazolidinedione (TZD), selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma modulator, is in development by InteKrin Therapeutics Inc for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent diabetes). The concept of selective modulation involves targeting and activating specific genes to minimize side effects while maintaining therapeutic benefits. In vitro, ...

Little published research exists on psychosocial issues in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), because until two decades ago, diabetes diagnosed in children and adolescents was almost exclusively type 1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes. In the past two decades, rates of T2DM have increased, especially in adolescents from ...

OBJECTIVE: Genetic susceptibility, low birth weight (LBW), and aging are key etiological factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. LBW is common among twins. It is unknown whether twin status per se is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, and valid concordance rates of type 2 diabetes in ...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for macrovascular complications in adults. Recently young-onset type 2 DM has increased worldwide and the increase of macrovascular complications in the young is worrisome. METHODS: Plasma values for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a marker for promotion, and adiponectin as ...

Indirect evidence is accumulating for an association between antibiotic use, especially in early childhood, and long-term immunologic health. The authors evaluated the association between antibiotic use in childhood and subsequent development of type 1 diabetes. A nationwide cohort study of all Danish singleton children born during 1995-2003 (n = 606,420) ...

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been implicated in the atherosclerotic process through regulation of local expression of IGF1. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control has been involved in PAPP-A expression. We compared PAPP-A, IGF1, inflammatory markers and adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients with and without carotid ...

AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the histopathology of neovascular tufts and vitreous samples collected from patients with diabetes. METHODS: Vitreous samples and neovascular tufts were collected from patients with type 1 (n = 13) and (n = 17) type 2 diabetes with proliferative retinopathy, and from ...

OBJECTIVE: Current glucocorticoid replacement regimens fail to fully mimic physiologic cortisol secretion in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. This may lead to changes in insulin requirement in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency and type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we assessed insulin requirement in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2). ...

Poster presented at the 3rd Graduate Students' Research Conference, April 2008.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. The objective of this review and meta-analysis is to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes in association with the procedure performed and the weight reduction achieved. METHODS: The review includes all articles published in ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about a frequently misdiagnosed form of diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA), to describe its clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and to compare them to those of the more common and widely known types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes mellitus ...

INTRODUCTION: Although hyperglycemia is a common defining feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, many unique characteristics distinguish these diseases, including insulin and lipid levels, obesity status, and inflammatory agent profiles. In the laboratory, the presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been established in animal models of both ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of diabetes among U.S. non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study), a multicenter study of diabetes among youth aged 0-19 years, were examined. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the 2001 prevalence and 2002-2005 incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hispanic American youth and to describe the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of these youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based multicenter observational study ...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular reactivity impairment was reported as a marker of cerebral microangiopathy in long-term type 1 diabetes. Intima-media complex thickening reflects early stages of macroangiopathy in type 1 diabetes. The analysis of the relationship between these variables and other microangiopathic complications might serve as a beneficial indicator for early prophylaxis ...

Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive deficits, although inconsistently across neuropsychological domains. We examined 3-year longitudinal data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study, comparing diabetes (n = 28) and control (n = 272) older adults on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Assessing potential change and stability, we found that (a) baseline ...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered a common form of diabetes mellitus in young people. Type 1 diabetes in infants is rare. However, the condition is rare in infants. Type 1 diabetes has not been reported in the literature in 45 days old child of an Indian population. Type 1 ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare different anthropometric measures in terms of their ability to predict type 2 diabetes and to determine whether predictive ability was modified by ethnicity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Anthropometry was measured at baseline for 1,073 non-Hispanic white (nHW), African American (AA), and Hispanic (HA) subjects, of whom 146 ...

Type 1 diabetes is an immune-mediated disease in which pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells are damaged and destroyed. Animal models have served a prominent function in the development of the present ideas of pathogenesis and approaches to therapy. This commentary addresses the utility and limitations of these models for facilitating the ...

A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on patients recently entered into the National Diabetes Registry in Eritrea where the prevalence was estimated to be 2.2% based on patient information in 2004. Of the 627 patients with diabetes, two thirds were type 2. Although type 1 had poorer control (42.9%) than ...

There is emerging evidence from healthy individuals, as well as direct and indirect evidence from psychiatric and neurological patients with disease-related hippocampal atrophy, linking the cortisol awakening response (CAR) to hippocampal volume. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is also accompanied by hippocampal atrophy, and therefore ...

OBJECTIVE: Two type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes have been identified in the spontaneously diabetic biobreeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rat, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (RT1) class II u haplotype (Iddm1) and Gimap5 (Iddm2). The strong effects of these have impeded previous efforts to map additional loci. We tested the hypothesis that ...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we used neurocognitive assessment and neuroimaging to examine brain function in youth with type 1 diabetes studied prospectively from diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied type 1 diabetic (n = 106) and control subjects (n = 75) with no significant group difference on IQ at ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of childhood BMI growth dynamics on the risk of developing young adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Finnish national healthcare registers were used to identify individuals with diabetes diagnosed between 1992 and 1996 at 15-39 years of ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) are two major complications of diabetes. Surprisingly, little is known of a potential relationship between renal function and the development of DFS in patients with preterminal renal insufficiency. A retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary university centre caring for a large ...

Fifty-one children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) participated in a double blinded, randomized, cross-over pilot study to determine whether 12 weeks of daily atorvastatin (20 mg daily) would reduce arterial stiffness and improve endothelial function. Secondary analysis demonstrated potential reduction of arterial stiffness following atorvastatin therapy (p = 0.06). ...

This review reports the evidence for a relation between long-term coffee intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated this association and, at this moment, at least fourteen out of eighteen cohort studies revealed a substantially lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus with frequent ...

Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have established a strong connection between type 2 diabetes and the risk of the development of Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, several pathological features have been identified as common denominators of diabetic and Alzheimer's patients, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and inflammation, suggesting a close connection between the ...

We report a case of diabetic mastopathy in a man with type 2 diabetes. The patient was a 62-year-old man who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the age of 46 years. He had been treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. He noticed a mass in his left breast ...

BACKGROUND: Recently use of herbal medicines, have been considered as an alternative for therapeutic usage. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: In a clinical trial study, 24 type 2 diabetic patients were placed on 10 ...

Tightening of the diabetes control criteria in the last few years induces searches for adjunctive drugs to reinforce the basic treatment typical for the specific type of the disease. These agents are meant to stimulate insulin secretion, increase insulin sensitivity or inhibit the antagonists of the hormone. Up till now ...

Although recent studies recommended that insulin should be administered to patients with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, even those with non-insulin dependent status, patients prefer oral hypoglycemic agents to insulin injections. We report a slowly progressive type 1 diabetic patient whose insulin production was preserved for 4 years (SigmaC-peptide from ...

Diabetic encephalopathy is a recently recognized complication in type 1 diabetes. In this review, we summarize a series of experimental results obtained longitudinally in the spontaneously type 1 diabetic BB/Wor-rat, and bringing out the beneficial effects of C-peptide replacement. It is increasingly clear that lack of insulin and C-peptide, and ...

Mounting evidence suggests insulin is an important and potentially initiating antigen in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. High-affinity insulin antibodies are found early in disease development and appear to predict progression. Insulin is the only Type 1 diabetes auto-antigen with exclusive pancreatic expression and the only one whose gene ...

The increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially in children <5 years of age reported over the past decade can be attributed to changes in environmental factors, either quantitative or qualitative, rather than to an effect of genetic factors operating in such a short period of time. ...

BACKGROUND: UK primary care records are computerised and these records are used for both research and quality improvement. However, there is disparity in the prevalence of diabetes found in epidemiological studies compared with that reported through the UK's national quality improvement scheme. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how non-diagnostic computer data could ...

AIM: The aim is to determine the frequency of stroke in 300 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus observed in two different time periods with a five-year distance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey comprised a group of 300 patients with previously clinically and laboratory diagnosed diabetes. First examination, ...

ABSTRACT: Regular physical activity is considered a cornerstone for managing type 2 diabetes. However, in Canada, most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not meet national physical activity recommendations. When designing a theory-based intervention, one should first determine the key determinants of physical activity for this population. Unfortunately, there is ...

BACKGROUND: Gene expression alterations have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes, however whether these changes are primary causes or secondary effects of type 2 diabetes is not known. As healthy first degree relatives of people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, they ...

INTRODUCTION: Clinical observation of larger prostate glands in men with diabetes mellitus type 2 led some investigators to hypothesize that an association between these two conditions exists. In fact, both diseases are very common in men as they age and seem to be sharing similar epidemiologic features. Several studies examining ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes can have an important role in discussing health risk within families. This study aimed to establish the acceptability to first degree relatives towards their relative with type 2 diabetes intervening as health promoters in their own families, using the Health Belief Model as a ...

The relationship between circulating markers of inflammation and arterial stiffness in children with type 1 diabetes is not well studied. We tested whether inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 concentrations correlate with arterial stiffness or type 1 diabetes status. MCP-1 concentrations and radial tonometry data were available for 98 children with ...

OBJECTIVE: Because skeletal muscle is one of the target tissues for insulin, skeletal muscle mass might be associated with type 2 diabetes. Serum creatinine is a possible surrogate marker of skeletal muscle mass. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum creatinine level is associated with type 2 ...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the hexoamine biosynthetic pathway and plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. We now report the first structures of the isomerase domain of the human GFAT in the presence of cyclic glucose-6-phosphate and linear glucosamine-6-phosphate. The C-terminal tail including the active ...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the potential for communication of familial risk by patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was completed by a random sample of patients with type 2 diabetes registered with a hospital diabetes clinic. RESULTS: Two-thirds of patients (65%) had spoken ...

Low circulating VVH7-like immunoreactivity (VVH7 i.r) level was amazingly observed in human diabetic sera. Here, we examined the impact of diabetes type, clinico-biological features and metabolic control on circulating VVH7 i.r level in this disease. ELISA test was used to measure VVH7 i.r in sera of 120 diabetic patients (type ...

AIMS: Alpha(1)-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a serine protease inhibitor which recently has been shown to prevent Type 1 diabetes development, to prolong islet allograft survival and to inhibit pancreatic B-cell apoptosis in vivo. It has also been reported that Type 1 diabetic patients have significantly lower plasma concentrations of AAT, suggesting ...

AIM/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have demonstrated relationships between circadian clock function and the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether the peripheral circadian clock is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Peripheral leucocytes were obtained from eight patients with diabetes and six comparatively young ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and the total nitrite and nitrate (NO( x )) concentrations in serum from type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects in order to evaluate if they could be used as novel diabetic markers. We studied ...