Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to determine (a) concordance between a combination of HbA1c and FPG (HbA1c+FPG) and a combination of FPG and 2hPG (FPG+2hPG), and (b) whether substituting FPG+2hPG with HbA1c+FPG can enhance the detection of prediabetes in diabetes free non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican-Americans adults. ...

Aims:  To examine the temporal trends in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at onset compared to other modalities of diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in Brazil. Methods:  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and multicenter study conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 27 public clinics at secondary and tertiary ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether trends in death rate from diabetes according to multiple-cause-of-death (MCOD) data differed from those according to underlying-cause-of-death (UCOD) data in Taiwan and the United States. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used multiple cause mortality files for the years 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007 to calculate ...

OBJECTIVEType 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer and with reduced survival after cancer diagnosis. We examined the hypotheses that survival after a diagnosis of solid-tumor cancer is reduced in those with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes, and that treatment with metformin ...

AIMS: To verify the assertions that diabetes pandemic may be spreading across rural parts of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we performed a systematic review of published studies reporting diabetes prevalence in rural parts of LMICs. METHODS: Electronic databases (EMBASE and MEDLINE) were searched for papers published from 1990 to ...

Aim:  In Germany, regional data on the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus are lacking for health-care planning and detection of risk factors associated with this disease. We analysed regional variations in the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and treatment with antidiabetic agents. Methods:  Data of subjects aged 45-74 years from ...

Aims:  Sulfonylureas have been shown to increase mortality when used in combination with metformin. This may not be a class effect of sulfonylureas, but rather secondary to differences in properties inherent to the individual sulfonylureas (hypoglycaemic risk, sulfonylurea receptor selectivity and effects on myocardial ischemic preconditioning). The purpose of this ...

AIMS: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in screening for impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: We screened 3904 adults aged 45-70 (mean age 58.6 [standard deviation (SD) 6.9] years, mean body mass index (BMI) 29.9 [SD 4.7]kg/m(2)), with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the impact of maternal diabetes during pregnancy on racial disparities in fetal growth. METHODS: Using linked birth certificate, inpatient hospital and prenatal claims data we examined live singleton births of mothers resident in South Carolina who self-reported their race as non-Hispanic white (NHW; n = 140,128) or non-Hispanic black ...

OBJECTIVEIn young-onset diabetes, insulin therapy status is a rough marker of diabetes type. We describe the mortality experience of a low-income, predominantly minority population with diabetes diagnosed before age 30 years, stratified by insulin therapy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 1,098 adults aged 40-79 years (median 49) diagnosed with diabetes ...

Insulin Sensitivity is an important parameter for the management of Diabetes. It can be derived for a particular patient using data derived from some glucose challenge tests using measured glucose and insulin levels at various times. Whilst a useful approach, deriving insulin sensitivities to inform insulin dosing in other settings ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Infections with Coxsackieviruses have been linked to beta cell dysfunction. Given the importance of beta cell dysfunction in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes, we hypothesised that prior infection with Coxsackieviruses B would increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The aims of the study were to estimate cross-sectional ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a score for detecting the glycaemic categories of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes using the WHO 2011 diagnostic criteria. METHODS: We used data from 6,390 individuals aged 40-75 years from a multiethnic population based screening study. We ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rapid socioeconomic development resulting in changing lifestyles and life expectancy appears to be accompanied by an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Genetic predisposition related to ethnicity is a major determinant of diabetes risk. This study investigates the prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes in different ethnic populations residing ...

BACKGROUND: It was suggested that inflammation may mediate or modify biological effects of adiponectin. Few studies examined the association between circulating adiponectin levels and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) while controlling for variables related to inflammation. In addition, East Asians were reported to have lower adiponectin levels but higher diabetes prevalence ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diagnosing MODY is difficult. To date, selection for molecular genetic testing for MODY has used discrete cut-offs of limited clinical characteristics with varying sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to use multiple, weighted, clinical criteria to determine an individual's probability of having MODY, as a crucial tool for rational genetic ...

OBJECTIVE: People with type 2 diabetes may need insulin therapy to compensate for their underlying pathogenic abnormalities and to improve glycemic control. We examined trends of insulin use among US adults aged ≥40 years with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected ...

To evaluate the relation between excess body mass index (BMI)-years, a measure of the degree to which an individual's BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) exceeds the reference BMI and the duration for which he or she carries excess BMI, and incident diabetes. Longitudinal ...

OBJECTIVEIt is unclear whether people with and without diabetes equally benefitted from reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to compare recent trends in hospital admission rates for angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) among people with and without diabetes ...

Tight glucose control (TGC) in critical care settings is becoming increasingly the standard of care. However, TGC comes with the risk of hypoglycemia, as highlighted by some recent studies. Our aim was to establish TGC in burn patients without increasing rates of hypoglycemia. The authors used a computer-driven glucose control ...

Tight control of blood glucose reduces cardiovascular events and total mortality is conflicting. To summarize clinical effects of tight versus conventional glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Knowledge with no limits of language and time. Further trials ...

Aims:  There are limited validated methods to ascertain comorbidities for risk adjustment in ambulatory populations of patients with diabetes using administrative health-care databases. The objective was to examine the ability of the Johns Hopkins' Aggregated Diagnosis Groups to predict mortality in population-based ambulatory samples of both incident and prevalent subjects ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of functional decline in older adults. Few studies have investigated the contribution of functional decline to excess mortality risk in older people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine how diabetes in combination with different levels of functional ...

Non-communicable diseases are becoming major problems of public health importance in most developing countries as a result of effects of globalization and epidemiologic transition. However, there is little evidence about the diabetes and other non-communicable diseases in these countries. To conduct systematic review of literature on magnitude of diabetes, the ...

Epidemiologic studies have examined the possible associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastric cancer (GC), but the results are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the evidence regarding the associations between diabetes and incidences of, or mortality from, gastric cancer.PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to ...

OBJECTIVES:: Using data from the national Health and Retirement Study, we sought to: (a) estimate the proportion of the US adults with diabetes above the age of 50 who do not meet physical activity guidelines but believe they are sufficiently active; and (b) examine demographic and health-related correlates of such ...

AIMS: To quantify relationships between societal-level factors and diabetes prevalence and identify potential policy responses. METHODS: Using data from International Diabetes Federation, World Health Organization, World Bank, and Food and Agricultural Organization, we extracted recent estimates for country-level variables: total caloric availability; sugar, animal fat, fruit and vegetable availability; physical ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mood disorders, including depression, are suggested to be prevalent in persons with type 1 diabetes and may negatively affect self-management and glycaemic control and increase the risk of diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of antidepressant (AD) use in adults with childhood onset ...

Purpose:  To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of lens opacities in a geographically defined population of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with a control population. Methods:  Subjects in the community of Laxå with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 275) and a control group (n = 256) participated ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is associated with low socioeconomic position (SEP) in high-income countries. Despite the important role of SEP in the development of many diseases, no socioeconomic indicator was included in the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) module of the Global Burden of Disease study. We therefore aimed to ...

Aims:  Heart rate variability may be used to assess diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability of standard short-term clinical measurements of heart rate variability in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods:  In 24 patients with Type 2 diabetes (11 male, age 61 ± 9 years), parameters ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The benefits of some second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) must be weighed against the increased risk for diabetes mellitus. This study examines whether the association between SGAs and diabetes differs by dose. METHODS: Patients were >18 years of age from three US healthcare systems and exposed to an SGA for ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has increased in societies of all socio-cultural backgrounds. To date, guidelines set forward to prevent obesity have universally emphasized optimal levels of physical activity. However there are few empirical data to support the assertion that low levels of energy expenditure in activity is a ...

The first objective of this study was to determine and quantify variations in diabetes mortality by migrant status in different European countries. The second objective was to investigate the hypothesis that diabetes mortality is higher in migrant groups for whom the country of residence (COR) is more affluent than the ...

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. The precipitating cause is unclear. Recently, the Second Lebanon War exposed a large civilian population in northern Israel to significant psychological stress in the form of repeated barrages of missile attacks. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that trends in ...

Objective:  To determine whether inpatients with diabetes have different lengths of stay, daycase listing rates or emergency re-admission rates compared to those without diabetes receiving similar treatment. Method:  English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for 2007-8 have been analysed alone and after linkage to the list of 1.6 million people known ...

Background:  Because declining glucose levels should be detected quickly in persons with Type 1 diabetes, a lag between blood glucose and subcutaneous sensor glucose can be problematic. It is unclear whether the magnitude of sensor lag is lower during falling glucose than during rising glucose. Methods:  Initially, we analysed 95 data ...

Aims:  In the absence of any previous global comparison, we examined the variability in prevalence of diabetes mellitus across 49 developing countries, and the associations of diabetes with body weight and primary healthcare support using data from the World Health Survey. Methods:  Diabetes mellitus was defined by individuals' self-report of ...

We compared life expectancy and causes of death based on death certificates of 269 diabetic participants (group A) and 5659 nondiabetic participants (group B) who died from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2010, in 3 small towns of Northern Greece. Age at death was significantly (P = .011) higher ...

BACKGROUND: A history of diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancers. Whether diabetes is a risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) has received little attention. METHODS: We pooled data from 12 case-control studies including 6,448 cases and 13,747 controls, and estimated odds ratios ...

BACKGROUND: Increased plasma-activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality in the general population. We investigated the association between GGT, CVD and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Data was used from 1,280 participants, aged 35-70 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to describe the prevalence of retinopathy in an aged cohort of Icelanders with and without diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study population consisted of 4,994 persons aged ≥67 years, who participated in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-R). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as HbA(1c) ≥6.5% (>48 mmol/mol). Retinopathy ...

OBJECTIVE Diabetes has been associated with chronic neurodegeneration. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the relationship between pre-existing diabetes and Parkinson's disease (PD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Original articles in English published up to 10 May 2011 were searched for in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) ...

Aims:  Several studies confirmed the growing rate of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood coinciding with increasing diagnosis of viral infections. A study investigating the incidence of Type 1 diabetes during 1996-1997 showed a higher notification of viral infections in the Pavia District. The aim was to confirm these results. ...

Background and aim:  Most studies show that diabetes increases with migration and urbanization. Previous studies from Greenland have shown inconsistent associations between cardiovascular risk and urbanization. Thus, the aim was to study the association between diabetes and urbanization among Greenland Inuit. Methods:  A total of 3089 adult Inuit aged 18 years ...

Aims:  The provision of structured education is increasingly prevalent in the management of Type 1 diabetes. There are little long-term follow-up data from such programmes. We have assessed HbA(1c) and weight over a 7-year period following the Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) structured education course. Methods:  We obtained annual HbA(1c) ...

AIMS: In the context of changes in the last 10 years in treatment strategies for type 1 diabetes we evaluated longitudinal trends in cardiometabolic risk factor profiles in a population from North-West England. METHODS: We retrospectively examined longitudinal case records for the period for 291 adult patients followed up between ...

Occurring as a result of both lifestyle and genetic factors, type 2 diabetes is a serious chronic disease that can give rise to complications including blindness, heart disease and kidney failure. About 2 million Canadians have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, but an estimated 400 000 who have the ...

Despite high rates of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes, suitable risk assessment tools for estimating personal diabetes risk in Canada are currently lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional screening study that evaluated the accuracy and discrimination of the new Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CANRISK) for detecting diabetes and prediabetes (dysglycemia) in ...

Brazil has the third largest contingent of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) worldwide. However, little is known regarding survival rate and predictors of mortality risk in that population, which are the purposes of this study. A total of 3,082 patients incident on HD, from 2000 to 2004, at 25 dialysis ...