Developing countries are undergoing an epidemiological transition, from Communicable or Infectious to 'Non-Communicable' diseases (NCDs), such that cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, and diabetes were responsible for 60% of all deaths globally in 2005, with more than 75% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. A survey was conducted ...

Background. There are limited data on sleep duration and diabetes from developing countries. We therefore examined the relationship between reported hours of sleep, diabetes prevalence and glucose control in Jamaican adults. Methods. Data on reported hours of sleep and diabetes (based on glucose measurement and medication use) from a national ...

We prospectively examined whether socioeconomic status (SES) predicts incident type II diabetes (diabetes), a cardiovascular risk equivalent and burgeoning public health epidemic among women. Participants include 23,992 women with Hb(A1c) levels <6% and no CVD or diabetes at baseline followed from February 1993 to March 2007. SES was measured by ...

To assess the utility of a point-of-care (POC) capillary blood glucose measurement as compared with routine clinical parameters in predicting undiagnosed diabetes in a low-resource rural India setting. Nine hundred and ninety-four participants aged >30 years and stratified by age and sex were randomly selected from 20 villages in India. ...

The first-generation FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (FreeStyle Navigator CGM) requires a 10 h warm-up period to avoid inaccurate glucose readings caused by sensor insertion trauma and wound-healing processes. The performance of a second-generation FreeStyle Navigator CGM that begins reporting glucose 1 h after sensor insertion is described. Second-generation ...

To examine refraction, change in refraction, and risk factors for change in refraction in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Population-based study. Modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study refractions and a standard history were obtained for all participants. Baseline and 10-year follow-up data were available. Age ...

Background: Commercialization of a closed-loop artificial pancreas system that employs continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and interstitial fluid glucose sensing has been encumbered by state-of-the-art technology. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices with improved accuracy could significantly advance development efforts. However, the current accuracy of CGM devices might be adequate for closed-loop ...

The article entitled "Precision, Accuracy, and User Acceptance of the OneTouch SelectSimple Blood Glucose Monitoring System" by Philis-Tsimikas and colleagues in this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology demonstrates that the OneTouch® SelectSimple™ glucose meter meets current regulatory expectations for glucose meter performance. These authors describe three studies: ...

The article entitled "Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of the Coulometry-Based Optium Omega Blood Glucose Meter", by Solnica and colleagues in this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology demonstrates that the Optium Omega blood glucose meter meets the analytical requirements for glucose meter performance and it is stated ...

AIMS: Lack of chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness is common. Recent data suggest that the presence of concurrent diabetes may heighten CKD awareness, but current data have not supported the hypothesis that healthcare delivery or insurance status improves awareness in the diabetic population. Diabetes is associated with high cardiovascular disease ...

Despite the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in populations residing at moderate altitudes, mortality in these populations is lower than in populations residing at low altitudes. To examine whether metabolic and hemodynamic differences can explain this apparent paradox, we performed a cross-sectional study of a general population sample recruited ...

African-Americans (AAs) with diabetes have high incidence rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with associated high mortality. Genetic factors modulating the risk of mortality on dialysis are poorly understood. A genome-wide association study was performed in 610 AAs with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ESRD on dialysis, using the Affymetrix ...

Identifying individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes is important. To evaluate discriminatory ability of multiple biomarkers for type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Plasma adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, retinol-binding protein 4, resistin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α receptor 2 and ferritin were measured ...

To examine if the beneficial effect of statin medication on mortality seen in randomised clinical trials of type 2 diabetes applies equally to observational studies in the general population of older people. A prospective, population-based cohort study. Reykjavik, Iceland. 5152 men and women from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, mean ...

Limited data exist on the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control and rates of meeting American Diabetic Association (ADA) management guidelines in HIV-infected adults with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 142 HIV-infected adults with type 2 diabetes at an urban academic HIV clinic during 2008. We estimated ...

To examine short and long term time trends in mortality among patients with early onset (age 0-14 years) and late onset (15-29 years) type 1 diabetes and causes of deaths over time. Population based nationwide cohort study. Finland. All Finnish patients diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes below age 30 ...

No comprehensive assessment of diabetes prevalence in Nauru has been conducted since an extreme prevalence was documented more than two decades ago. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. A nationwide survey in 2004 of people aged 15- 64 years (n ...

Background The association between diabetes and gastric cancer has been rarely studied. Objective To investigate gastric cancer mortality trends, the mortality rate ratios between patients with diabetes and the general population, and the risk factors for gastric cancer mortality in diabetic patients. Methods In the Taiwanese general population from 1995 ...

AIMS: As there have been few studies in North India of the prevalence of diabetes within the past decade, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetes in the North Indian city of Chandigarh. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey of 2227 subjects (response rate: 94%), aged≥20 ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the association between lifelong cumulative glycaemia estimated by lens fluorometry and the presence of retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional population-based study of 970 participants aged between 30 and 60 years, of which 170 were ...

The contribution of different biological pathways to the development of type 2 diabetes was quantified in a case-cohort design based on circulating blood biomarkers from participants aged 35-65 years in the EPIC-Potsdam Study. The analytic sample included 613 participants with incident diabetes and 1965 participants without diabetes. The proportion that each ...

AIM: To improve our understanding of excess body weight and risk for diabetes type 2, the study examined the influence of weight change in the Hawaii component, including 78,006 Caucasians, Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians, of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. METHODS: Participants aged 58.5±9.2 years completed a questionnaire at cohort ...

AIM: Mayotte, a French overseas territory located in the Indian Ocean, has never had a previous estimate of diabetes prevalence, but has recently undergone socioeconomic changes leading to lifestyle modifications. For this reason, a survey was carried out in 2008 to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors ...

Aims To extrapolate, from the proportion of subjects with observable retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in routine clinical practice, the mean duration of undiagnosed diabetes. Methods On 1 October 1999, there were 4313 patients with type 2 diabetes in the 41 participating practices in the Tayside region ...

Baseline haemoglobin A1c had a higher standardized hazard ratio, and more optimal sensitivity and specificity than fasting glucose in predicting the 8-year incidence of diabetes among 530 non-diabetic Chinese from the population-based Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study.

This article aims to study the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and prevalence of self-reported diabetes in a rural population in Kerala, India. This study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. Data from PROLIFE, a prospective cohort study involving the long-term follow-up of the residents of an administrative unit in ...

As a result of rapid economic development in China, the lifestyles and dietary habits of its people have been changing, and the rates of obesity, diabetes, and other chronic conditions have increased substantially. We report the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and the association between ...

The aim of the study was to compare the outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. We prospectively recorded the data from patients who underwent CEA. A patient was considered diabetic when he reported the use of antidiabetic medication. De novo diagnosis of diabetes was ...

Biomarkers for estimating reduced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or impaired insulin secretion would be clinically useful, since these physiologic measures are important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 94 individuals, of whom 84 had 1 or more risk factors and 10 ...

AIMS: To investigate the change points of HbA(1C) for detection of retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation included 992 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, who received non-mydriatic digital fundus photography examination. Joinpoint regression software was adopted to identify the change points of HbA(1C) in association ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes and other medical conditions have been related to pancreatic cancer, but time risk quantification is unsettled. METHODS: We combined data from two case-control studies conducted in Italy, including 688 pancreatic cancer cases and 2,204 controls. All subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers during hospital stay. Odds ratios (ORs) ...

The obesity explosion of recent years has been followed by further development of diabetes and prediabetes, which has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and globally. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a cardiovascular risk equivalent and is associated with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, and dyslipidemia. CVD is ...

Objectives. To describe the frequencies, presenting characteristics (demographic, clinical and biochemical) and outcomes (duration of admission and mortality rates) for various types of hyperglycaemic crisis. Methods. Retrospective review of medical records of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis admitted to Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, E Cape, from 1 January 2008 to ...

First Nations populations in Northwestern Ontario have undergone profound dietary and lifestyle transformations in less than 50 years, which have contributed to the alarming rise in obesity and obesity-related diseases, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus. Even though the genetic background of First Nations peoples differs from that of the ...

As little is known about the impact of type 2 diabetes amongst Australian youth despite international increases in childhood obesity, we aimed to identify and characterize people aged <25 years with type 2 diabetes in an urban community with 60 000 people aged 10-24 years. The estimated maximum prevalence (59/100 000 persons) ...

Although management of type 1 diabetes improved dramatically in the 1980s, the effect on mortality is not clear. We report trends in 30-year mortality using the Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) childhood-onset (age <18 years) type 1 diabetes registry (n = 1,075) with diagnosis from 1965-1979, by dividing the cohort into three ...

Several animal studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections against type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, epidemiologic studies demonstrating this protective relationship with T1DM are largely lacking, although an inverse correlation between the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and prevalence of allergies and autoimmunity has been shown. A cross-sectional ...

To evaluate the effect of ethnicity as a predictor of the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients with diabetes. A 16-item questionnaire investigating CAM use was distributed among patients attending the Taking Control of Your Diabetes (TCOYD) educational conferences during 2004-2006. Six TCOYD were held across the ...

To compare trends in coronary revascularization use and case fatality rate (CFR) following acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes. A retrospective study of 77,552 patients, 20 years of age or older (25% with diabetes), who were hospitalized for a first acute myocardial infarction in the province of ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the urban-rural differences in the prevalence and associated factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean adults. A total of 1,060 adults >30 yr of age from urban (189 males and 331 females) and rural districts (219 males and 321 females) ...

Activation of adipose tissue macrophages with concomitant low-grade inflammation is believed to play a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. We tested whether a new macrophage-derived biomarker, soluble CD163 (sCD163), identifies at-risk individuals before overt disease has developed. A prospective cohort study of 8849 study participants from ...

Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a fatal infection. Decompensated diabetes is the most common predisposing factor. Two male adults were admitted because of newly diagnosed diabetes with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and CT scan showed extensive pansinusitis and orbital inflammation. Treatment included surgical debridement and antifungal therapy. One patient died from a severe ...

To examine the effectiveness of the health system response to the challenge of diabetes across different settings and explore the inequalities in diabetes care that are attributable to socioeconomic factors. We used nationally representative health examination surveys from Colombia, England, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexico, Scotland, Thailand and the ...

Metformin is recommended in type 2 diabetes mellitus because it reduced mortality among overweight participants in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study when used mainly as a means of primary prevention. However, metformin is often not considered in patients with cardiovascular conditions because of concerns about its safety. We assessed ...

Abstract Objective. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes as an alternative to glucose-based criteria. We compared the new HbA1c-based criteria for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes with the glucose-based criteria. Research design and methods. In the population-based German KORA surveys (S4/F4) 1,764 non-diabetic participants ...

Racial differences in diabetes-associated pancreatic cancer (PC) and the interaction of diabetes with other risk factors are not well established. We determined the association between diabetes and risk of PC in 2,192 cases and 5,113 controls in three large case-control studies conducted at the National Cancer Institute, the University of ...

This paper estimates the effect of diabetes on labor-force participation, hours worked, days-out-of-work due to illness, and earnings using data from the National Health Interview Survey. Findings indicate that diabetes, estimated wholly, is significantly detrimental to most labor market outcomes. However, separation of type I and II diabetes shows that ...

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection commonly affecting structures in the head and neck, such as the air sinuses, orbits, and the brain. Common predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. We describe our clinical experience with four cases of mucormycosis of the maxillary antrum associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus managed ...

In patients with heart disease, diabetes and age predict adverse outcomes. It remains unclear whether persons with diabetes who have implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have fewer appropriate and inappropriate ICD shocks. The objective of this study is to determine if persons with diabetes who have ICDs receive a similar amount ...

Geographical variation in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is well documented. Such patterns are thought to give clues to the potential causes of this complex disease. This study examined the urban-rural differences in childhood type 1 diabetes in the Canterbury region of New Zealand between 1980 and 2004. ...