ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Recently, studies have found that preptin enhances insulin secretion in rats and might play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and PCOS in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship ...

Objective: To evaluate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women while taking into account the confounding variables including body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, ethnicity, medication history and a family history of type 2 diabetes. Study design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Clinical research center in ...

OBJECTIVE: Low pseudocholinesterase (PChE) activity accompanies pregnancy, liver disease, renal failure, and certain drug therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship among PChE and plasma insulin levels, lipid profile, and inflammatory response in gestational diabetes. METHODS: This study included 165 women aged 20-40 years. Subjects ...

This month, we focus on current research in diabetes. Dr. Pridjian discusses six recent publications, and each is concluded with a "bottom line" that is the take-home message. The complete reference for each can be found in Box 1 on this page, along with direct links to the abstracts.

Abstract Background: Adiponectin and leptin and their ratio have been associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the data presented are conflicting and the populations studied have been small. In this large, prospective, nested, case referent study, we hypothesized that these associations are sex specific and may be modified ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a cross-sectional study adiponectin and leptin levels in prepubertal and pubertal daughters of women with PCOS and their relationship to insulin sensitivity and reproductive features. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 92 daughters of PCOS women (PCOSd) and 76 daughters of control women (Cd) matched by age and ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: An overview of the global epidemic of diabetes and its impact on the understanding of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Once thought of as a disease of the West, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at alarming rates in many other areas of the world. In recent ...

Purpose:  The aim was to assess awareness of diabetes mellitus and its ocular complications among Timorese aged 40 years and older. Methods:  An interview-based questionnaire was administered to a subset of five urban and five rural clusters of 45 people aged 40 years and older as part of a population-based cross-sectional survey. ...

This paper reviews the evidence in relation to the optimal target for HbA1c and outlines a global treatment algorithm for people with type 2 diabetes. While most guidelines recommend a general HbA1c target of 7%, recent large scale intervention studies have examined the potential benefits of lower targets. These studies ...

Haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c) ) has recently been adopted by the World Health Organisation into its recommended criteria for diabetes diagnosis. Much debate continues regarding the relative benefits and potential disadvantages surrounding the use of HbA(1c) for this purpose. There is a lack of consensus as to whether this alteration to ...

Over the past three decades, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has more than doubled globally, making it one of the most important public health challenges to all nations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes are increasingly observed among children, adolescents and younger adults. The causes of the ...

Nearly a quarter of the world's population is Muslim, with increasing numbers living in non-equatorial regions. Fasting in Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, but the observance of this tenet is challenging for those living in temperate climates when Ramadan (the annual fasting month for Muslims) falls ...

Diabetes is one of the major noncommunicable diseases found worldwide. Different researchers have reported the predicted and observed prevalence of diabetes and the number of people with diabetes over different years in China and in other countries. This review provides a new insight into the growing epidemic of diabetes in ...

The IDF report has indicated that about 80% of four million diabetes-related deaths that occur every year comes from the developing world. The IDF report suggests the need to focus more on preventing diabetes complications in poor countries. Thus, considering the economic constraints in combating the explosion of diabetes complications ...

Insulin has been extensively studied since it was discovered by Banting and Best in 1921. Early in 1934, Dorothy Crowfoot and John Desmond Bernal obtained the first X-ray diffraction photograph of an enzyme protein: pepsin. In 1935, they took another photograph of a protein hormone: insulin. The chemical structure of ...

Background  The prevalence of diabetes is relatively high in people with intellectual disability (ID). However, little is known about how people with ID experience having diabetes and how they manage the condition. Method  Seventeen people with mild to moderate ID who have diabetes were interviewed. A framework on illness perceptions ...

chang h.-y.a., wallis m. & tiralongo e. (2011) Predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use by people with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing ABSTRACT: Aims.  This paper is a report of a study into factors predicting complementary and alternative medicine use in people with type 2 diabetes. Background.  The ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We compared direct costs of diabetic and non diabetic people covered by the Italian National Health System, focusing on the influence of age, sex, type of diabetes and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Diabetic people living in Turin were identified through the Regional Diabetes Registry and the files ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically throughout the world in recent years. This increase has also affected the young, such that over the last decade, the rise in the number of children and youth with T2DM has been labeled an epidemic. The main reason for this epidemic is ...

In this article, I explore Turkish migrants' responses to diabetes in Germany. Anthropological studies on health inequalities tend to theorize "social suffering" as passive experiences; those that analyze active social engagement by patient groups as "biosociality" do so solely in the realm of biotechnologies and suggest that social disadvantage prevent ...

Many researchers had tried to isolate insulin from animal pancreas, but Frederick Banting, a young surgeon, and Charles Best, a medical student, were the ones that succeeded. They both worked hard in very difficult conditions in the late 1921 and early 1922 until final success. They encountered problems with the ...

Many older people have type 2 diabetes, reflecting the growing ageing population and the rising prevalence of obesity. Type 2 diabetes is associated with high morbidity and mortality and yet many older people with diabetes do not achieve good glycaemic control or receive attentive care. But while glycaemic control is ...

Bjørgaas MR. Cerebral effects of severe hypoglycemia in young people with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE People with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of hospital admission compared with those without diabetes. We hypothesized that HbA(1c) would be an important indicator of risk of hospital admission. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration, a dynamic national register of diagnosed cases of diabetes in ...

There is no doubt about the value of exogenous insulin for people with type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss emerging evidence that this may not be the case for the majority of people with type 2 diabetes.

We describe melioidosis associated with travel to Nigeria in a woman with diabetes, a major predisposing factor for this infection. With the prevalence of diabetes projected to increase dramatically in many developing countries, the global reach of melioidosis may expand.

lundberg p.c. & thrakul s. (2011) Type 2 diabetes: how do Thai Buddhist people with diabetes practise self-management? Journal of Advanced Nursing ABSTRACT: Aims.  This paper is a report of a study of how Thai Buddhist people with type 2 diabetes practice self-management. Background.  The importance of diabetes self-management is recognized ...

Empowerment concerning people with diabetes is well researched. However, few researchers specifically focus on the barriers to and facilitators of empowerment in Iranian people with diabetes. Understanding the factors could help health professionals facilitate self-empowerment more effectively. This study aims to determine the barriers to and facilitators of empowerment in ...

Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. Fueled by rapid urbanization, nutrition transition, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the epidemic has grown in parallel with the worldwide rise in obesity. Asia's large population and rapid economic development have made ...

Diabetic foot is a common complication for people with diabetes but it is unclear whether the change is initiated from the skin surface or underneath plantar tissues. This study compared the thickness of epidermis and the thickness and stiffness of the total plantar soft tissue among people with diabetes with ...

The world is facing an epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes, with populations in low- to middle-income countries, including many in the Asia Pacific (AP) region, being disproportionately affected. Emerging data identify postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG) as an important predictor of CVD, and several professional bodies, including the ...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. This devastating disease is a leading cause of blindness in people of working age in industrialized countries and affects the daily lives of millions of people. Despite tight glycemic control, blood pressure control and lipid-lowering therapy, the number ...

BACKGROUND: Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is common in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and is a major risk factor for severe hypoglycaemia. Little is known about its effect on employment status. AIMS: To examine the effect that IAH has on the employment status or employability of people ...

Abstract Cinnamon, the dry bark and twig of Cinnamomum spp., is a rich botanical source of polyphenolics that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine and has been shown to affect blood glucose and insulin signaling. Cinnamon's effects on blood glucose have been the subject of many clinical and ...

Brazil is a large, populous country in South America, which has one of the biggest concentrations of people with diabetes. This article reviews the current status of diabetes care, medical education and training, and diabetes/endocrine research in Brazil. It highlights achievements in public health and research, which can be emulated ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Historically, for people at risk of developing diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD), an initial increase in albumin excretion rate (AER) has been linked to a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We review recent findings that suggest that in some people with diabetic CKD there is ...

The tragic case of a district nurse killed when a car driven by a man in a hypoglycaemic state struck her while she took her regular evening walk highlights the dangers that can occur when a person with diabetes drives without regard to their condition. The man was later jailed ...

Diabetes is a devastating disease that accounts for more than dollars 132 billion in healthcare costs annually in the U.S., and these costs are predicted to rise as high as dollars 192 billion by the year 2020 (see recent statistics from AHRQ on page 12). For many people with diabetes, ...

The predominant number of papers published from the middle of 2009 to the middle of 2010 about alternative routes of insulin administration (ARIA) were still about inhaled insulin. Long-term experience with Exubera was the topic of a number of publications that are also of relevance for inhaled insulin in general. ...

India is today facing a diabetes epidemic and has the maximum number of patients with diabetes in the world. People with diabetes are more prone to develop all types of infections. Pneumococcal infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, and people with diabetes are more prone to develop ...

We are currently facing a global pandemic of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In some settings, the population prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is 50%, and half of those affected will die from diabetes-related complications. Eight centuries ago, an epidemic of bubonic plague swept across Europe, killing at least half ...

In recent years, people all over the world have suffered from various diseases such as cancer, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Especially, DM, well-known as one of lifestyle-related diseases, has been regarded as a serious problem, because it is difficult to fully recover. The number of patients ...

Diabetic foot ulceration is full-thickness penetration of the dermis of the foot in a person with diabetes. Severity is classified using the Wagner system, which grades it from 1 to 5. The annual incidence of ulcers among people with diabetes is 2.5% to 10.7% in resource-rich countries, and the annual ...

To examine knowledge and management of diabetes by older people. A representative sample of 1047 people with Type 2 diabetes, aged 75 years and over, were asked a series of questions relating to their diabetes management and their understanding of self management. The impact of cognitive impairment and socio-economic status ...

Foot ulcers in people with diabetes are a prevalent and serious global health issue. Dressings form a key part of ulcer treatment, with clinicians and patients having many different types to choose from. A clear and current overview of current evidence is required to facilitate decision-making regarding dressing use. The ...

Diabetic nephropathy affects approximately one third of people with type 1 or type 2diabetes mellitus. Risk factors affecting progression of kidney disease include baseline albumin excretion, age, glycemic control, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and use of renin-angiotensin system blockers. As the total number of people with diabetes is projected to ...

The sRAGE [soluble RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products)] lack the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the full-length receptor and can function as a decoy for RAGE ligands. Recent evidence suggests that sRAGE may be a potential biomarker of RAGE-mediated pathology. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between ...

China has become the country with the largest diabetes mellitus population in the world since the 1990s. About 100 million diabetes cases have been diagnosed since 2008. Handheld blood glucose meters and test strips are urgently needed for daily patient measurement. The glucose monitor with a screen-printed carbon-based glucose electrode ...

While the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, one third of the diabetic patients will eventually develop chronic kidney disease. The aim of this review is to present the available data on diabetic nephropathy and its complications in the Arab Gulf countries. This will eventually help to raise the ...

ABSTRACT: Insulin analogues are increasingly considered as an alternative to human insulin in the therapy of diabetes mellitus. Insulin analogues (IAs) are chemically different from human insulin and may have different pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties. The significance of the modifications of the insulin molecule for the safety profile of IAs ...