OBJECTIVES: Anthropometric indices have been associated with insulin resistance in children. This study (1) determined the association between insulin resistance and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), WC/height, weight/(sitting height)(2), and WC/sitting height, and (2) compared the abilities of these five indices to identify children with ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether metabolic biomarkers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) improve diabetes prediction beyond age, anthropometry, and lifestyle risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A case-cohort study within a prospective study was designed. We randomly selected a subcohort (n = 2,500) from 26,444 participants, of whom 1,962 were diabetes ...

Prehypertension (defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) frequently evolves to hypertension (HTN) and increases cardiovascular risk. It is unclear whether metabolic and/or cardiac characteristics favor development of HTN in prehypertensive subjects. We evaluated baseline anthropometric, laboratory, ...

Microalbuminuria may be an early sign of intra-renal vascular dysfunction and a marker of vascular risk in the general population as well as in high-risk individuals. However, the association between albuminuria and PAD has been demonstrated only in few small studies. The aim of current study is to evaluate the ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the joint effect of family history and BMI on diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A rural community in Saskatchewan, Canada. SUBJECTS: The analysis was based on data from 2081 adults, 18-79 years of age, who participated in the Humboldt Study conducted in 2003. Doctor-diagnosed diabetes and family ...

Currently available tools for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes can be invasive, costly and time consuming. This study aims to develop and validate a self-assessment tool for identifying individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes in the Chinese general population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted ...

BACKGROUND: The mitogenic and growth-stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors appear to play a role in prostate carcinogenesis, yet any direct association of circulating insulin levels and risk of prostate cancer remains unclear. METHODS: We investigated the relationship of the level of serum insulin, glucose, and surrogate indices of insulin ...

We sought to examine the associations between patterns of family histories of diabetes and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (hGDM). Parous women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (n=4566) were classified as having hGDM only, diagnosed diabetes, or neither. Family history of diabetes was categorized ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The relationship between cognitive function, cardiovascular disease and premature death is not well established in patients with type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of cognitive function in 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release ...

BACKGROUND: Resident physicians' preparedness to provide dietary counseling for the rising number of diabetic patients is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the comfort with, frequency of, and perceived effectiveness of diabetic dietary counseling by internal medicine (IM) residents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eleven IM residents at a single academic ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of trigger digits in patients with diabetes. A questionnaire about trigger digit was completed by 544 patients with diabetes. Ten percent of the patients had a history of trigger digits and 4% had multiple digit involvement. The risk ...

INTRODUCTION: Overweight men with diabetes often report erectile dysfunction (ED), but few studies have examined effects of weight loss on this problem. AIM: This study examined 1-year changes in erectile function (EF) in overweight/obese men with type 2 diabetes participating in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. ...

BACKGROUND: We deployed a study design that attempts to account for racial differences in socioeconomic and environmental risk exposures to determine if the diabetes race disparity reported in national data is similar when black and white Americans live under similar social conditions. DESIGN & METHODS: We compared data from the ...

Since 1995 airborne particles have been sampled near Lisbon and analysed by PIXE at ITN. On the Summer of 2004 extremely high concentrations of 14 microg/m(3) of chlorine in PM2.5 were determined in a week average sample. Later in 2004 and in 2005 similar events occurred. A 12 year database ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between total fish, type of fish (lean and fatty), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis included 4,472 Dutch participants aged >or=55 years without diabetes at baseline. ...

OBJECTIVE: Seasonal environment at birth may influence diabetes incidence in later life. We sought evidence for this effect in a large sample of diabetic youth residing in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared the distribution of birth months within the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study) ...

BACKGROUND: Although obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been linked to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, it is unclear whether there is an independent association between OSA and diabetes mellitus (DM) and whether all patients with OSA are at risk. The objective of this study was to determine the association between ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Diet is thought to play an important role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have found positive associations between meat consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes, but the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of meat ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the secular change of the prevalence of hearing impairment over three decades in U.S. adults with and without diabetes. METHODS: The cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, the 1971-1973 [NHANES I] and the 1999-2004 [NHANES 1999-2004]) were used. Average pure-tone audiometry thresholds in decibels (dB) ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Improved glucose control in type 2 diabetes is known to reduce the risk of microvascular events. There is, however, continuing uncertainty about its impact on macrovascular disease. The aim of these analyses was to generate more precise estimates of the effects of more-intensive, compared with less-intensive, glucose control on ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We compared the effect of biphasic, basal or prandial insulin regimens on glucose control, clinical outcomes and adverse events in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and major American and European conference abstracts for randomised controlled trials up to October 2008. A ...

BACKGROUND: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population, but little is known about the effects in individuals at high risk of diabetes. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine associations between alcohol consumption and diabetes risk factors and whether alcohol consumption ...

Evidence suggests that there is an association between antipsychotic drugs and new-onset diabetes, but little is known about the risk of hyperglycemia among persons with preexisting diabetes. Using a nested case-control design and population-based health databases in Ontario, Canada, persons aged 66 years or older with diabetes who started treatment ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and joint associations between self-reported physical activity (PA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) from a maximal treadmill exercise test and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large cohort of men. METHODS: Participants for the current analysis were 23 444 men aged ...

INTRODUCTION: One major objective is to reduce the risk of lower limb amputation in diabetes mellitus. Nationwide data to incidences of amputations in the diabetic and non-diabetic populations in Germany as well as relative and attributable risks due to diabetes are lacking so far. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using data of ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older men and the role of hepatic and inflammatory markers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was performed prospectively and included 3,428 nondiabetic men (age 60-79 years) followed up for 7 years, during which ...

OBJECTIVE: Prehypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. However, whether subjects with prehypertension have more diabetes risk is not known. We examine whether prehypertension is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Incident diabetes was examined in nondiabetic normotensive participants in the San ...

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) share common risk factors with atherosclerosis, except for diabetes which appears protective. The reason for this is unknown. Although increased circulating concentrations of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) are associated with occlusive vascular disease, it is possible that their effects on the ...

The authors examined the association between total physical activity (leisure-time plus occupational) and incident diabetes among 1,651 American Indians who participated in the Strong Heart Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among 13 American Indian communities in 4 states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and ...

The aim of the present study was to examine whether the amount of time spent watching television is a potential risk factor for incident diabetes and to what extent this association may be explained by obesity. We used data for 23,855 men and women from the European Prospective Investigation into ...

BACKGROUND: Scarce information is available about the variation in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in the Brazilian population in the last decades. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the long-term trends (1986-2006) in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. SUBJECTS ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: One major objective of the St Vincent Declaration was to reduce the excess risk of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. We estimated the trend of the incidence and relative risk of myocardial infarction in the diabetic and non-diabetic populations in southern Germany from 1985 to 2006. METHODS: ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with diabetes in Scotland using insulin glargine have a greater cancer risk than patients using other types of insulin. METHODS: We used a nationwide diabetes clinical database that covers the majority of the Scottish population with diagnosed diabetes, ...

OBJECTIVE: Subclinical inflammation leads to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. This study aimed to assess whether levels of circulating transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-a central, mainly immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory cytokine-were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured serum levels of TGF-beta1 from 460 individuals with and ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between fish and seafood intake and new-onset type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a population-based prospective cohort (European Prospective Investigation of Cancer [EPIC]-Norfolk) study of men and women aged 40-79 years at baseline (1993-1997). Habitual fish and seafood intake (white fish, oily ...

The aim of the study was to examine the association of dietary carbohydrates and glycaemic load with the risk of type 2 diabetes among an urban adult Asian Indian population. Adult subjects aged >20 years (n 1843) were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, in Chennai city ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In the light of a report suggesting that insulin glargine may increase cancer occurrence, the EASD asked us to perform this study. METHODS: We followed 114,841 individuals who had a prescription dispensed for insulin between 1 July and 31 December 2005. From 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2007, ...

Mexican Americans are more obese and have more diabetes than non-Hispanic whites, but are also shorter. Height is used in some diabetes prediction models. Therefore, we examined the effect of height on the relationship between ethnicity and incident diabetes. Incident diabetes was ascertained in 1730 participants in the San Antonio ...

AIMS: To estimate diabetes-related resource use and investigate its predictors among individuals with type 2 diabetes in 24 countries in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational data on diabetes-related resource use were collected from 15,016 individuals with type 2 diabetes within the second wave of ...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between abnormal hepatocellular functions and abnormal fasting glucose level in the employees in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. A cross-sectional data analysis was conducted among 2790 workers who were 35-60 years old and participated in both the annual ...

BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in people over the age of sixty years is expected to increase, the number of diabetic patients who undergo total hip and knee arthroplasty should be expected to increase accordingly. In general, patients with diabetes are at increased risk for adverse events following ...

AIMS: To determine if there is a worldwide seasonal pattern in the clinical onset of Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Analysis of the seasonality in diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes was based on the incidence data in 0- to 14-year-old children collected by the World Health Organization Diabetes Mondiale (WHO DiaMond) ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and glaucoma. METHODS: As part of a population-based study of 3280 persons of Malay descent (78.7% response) aged 40 to 80 years examined between August 1, 2004, and June 30, 2006, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was assessed in all persons ...

PURPOSE: In this study, we compared the rate of depression diagnoses in adults with and without diabetes mellitus, while carefully controlling for number of primary care visits. METHODS: We matched adults with incident diabetes (n = 2,932) or prevalent diabetes (n = 14,144) to nondiabetic control patients based on (1) ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a model for assessing the 5-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes from a panel of 64 circulating candidate biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects were selected from the Inter99 cohort, a longitudinal population-based study of approximately 6,600 Danes in a ...

As India will ranks first in diabetes now and will continue to do so in 2025, we must prevent the disease by various measures. Before setting the programmes, we should have ample data on the population's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of diabetes. There are some epidemiological studies from southern ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We evaluated the incidence of insulin-requiring diabetes in a rural area of sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: Health surveillance data from a chronic disease programme in two zones of Ethiopia, Gondar and Jimma, were studied. The two zones have a population of more than 5,000,000 people. RESULTS: In Gondar Zone (1995-2008) ...

Studies since the early 1990s have shown that birth size can be a predictor of the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we evaluated changes in the strength of associations between T2DM and birth size and maternal weight with age. In 1993-1994 (t₀), 509 men ...

The aim of the study was to determine the association between IRS1 G972R polymorphism and type 2 diabetes; published data concerning this association have been conflicting. To obtain further insight into this topic, we performed a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies. We performed a meta-analysis of 32 studies (12,076 ...

BACKGROUND: The risk of type 2 diabetes on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma remains inconclusive in different hepatitis statuses. METHODS: We prospectively followed a community-based cohort with 5,929 persons in southern Taiwan from January 1997 through December 2004, made up of 4,117 seronegative, 982 anti-hepatitis C virus-positive [HCV(+)], 696 hepatitis ...