Oxidative stress is considered to be the main cause for several chronic diseases including diabetes. Through hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and possible iron dyshomeostasis, diabetes induces oxidative stress that causes damage to multiple organs, leading to various complications. Therefore, antioxidant therapy may be an interesting approach to prevent diabetes and diabetic ...

Under physiological conditions insulin controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by a disturbance in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and glucose-induced insulin release. Arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) modulates nitric oxide synthase activity by regulating intracellular L-arginine availability. In diabetes mellitus, ...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fractions on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into three groups: (i) normal non-diabetic (NDM), (ii) diabetic treated (tocotrienol-rich fractions - TRF) and (iii) diabetic untreated (non-TRF). The treatment group received oral administration of tocotrienol-rich fractions (200 mg/kg body ...

ABSTRACT: The metabolic syndrome may have its origins in thriftiness, insulin resistance and one of the most ancient of all signalling systems, redox. Thriftiness results from an evolutionarily-driven propensity to minimise energy expenditure. This has to be balanced with the need to resist the oxidative stress from cellular signalling and ...

BACKGROUND: The function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are key cells in vascular repair, is impaired in diabetes mellitus. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species can regulate EPC functions. EPCs tolerate oxidative stress by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that neutralizes superoxide anion (O2-). Therefore, we investigated ...

BACKGROUND: Dysfunctionally uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is involved in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the diabetic endothelium. The present study investigated whether anti-diabetes drug Aminoguanidine (AG) has any effect on eNOS function and vascular oxidant stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood glucose levels were increased to 452.0 +/- ...

Emerging evidence indicates that aldosterone causes oxidative stress by stimulating proinflammatory/oxidative mediators, including nuclear factor-kappaB, activating protein (AP-1), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Thus, in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes (T2D), oxidative stress generated by hyperglycemia and aldosterone would potentiate the oxidative destruction of tissue and important regulators of glucose metabolism like ...

OBJECTIVE: Lipoic acid synthase (LASY) is the enzyme that is involved in the endogenous synthesis of lipoic acid, a potent mitochondrial antioxidant. The aim of this study was to study the role of LASY in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied expression of LASY in animal models ...

Regular exercise plays an important preventive and therapeutic role in oxidative stress-associated diseases such as diabetes and its complications. Thiol antioxidants including thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) have a crucial role in controlling cellular redox status. In this study, the effects of 8 wk of exercise training on brain TRX ...

OBJECTIVE: Insulin secretion involves complex events in which the mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals that couple glucose detection to insulin secretion. Studies on the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generally focus on chronic nutrient exposure. Here, we investigate whether transient mitochondrial ROS production ...

Apoptotic myocyte cell death, diastolic dysfunction, and progressive deterioration in left ventricular pump function characterize the clinical course of diabetic cardiomyopathy. A key question concerns the mechanism(s) by which hyperglycemia (HG) transmits danger signals in cardiac muscle cells. The growth factor adapter protein p66ShcA is a genetic determinant of longevity, ...

Glucose-mediated oxidative stress and the upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway activity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several vascular complications of diabetes including diabetic neuropathy. However, in nondiabetic subjects, the cardiovascular safety of selective COX-2 inhibition is controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the links between ...

The study of erectile function in diabetic animal models has revealed physiological alterations in neural, vascular, hormonal and endothelial function. The aims of this review are to further elucidate pathophysiological changes induced by diabetes mellitus and to introduce new concepts in the study of erectile dysfunction (ED) in animal models. ...

Blood glutathione concentrations represent a measure of protection against oxidative damage. In earlier studies, we observed that, in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), blood glutathione is significantly depleted because of increased rates of glutathione utilization. To determine whether increased availability of cysteine - one of the ...

The aim of the present investigation was to investigate whether an aqueous extract of Buddleja officinalis (ABO), a traditional Korean herbal medicine, suppresses the endothelial extracellular matrix degradation under high glucose condition. The incubation with high concentration of glucose (25 mM) increased significantly matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 expressions and activities in ...

An investigation was made to evaluate the role of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) leaf extract in the regulation of corticosteroid-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in female rats. In dexamethasone-treated animals (1 mg/kg for 22 days) an increase in serum concentration of insulin and glucose and in hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) ...

Many studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of diabetes and its complications. New methods of treatment for prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the international scientific community. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between the glycated hemoglobin, C peptide and ...

The effect of simvastatin administered for 10 days on coenzyme Q and antioxidant/oxidant balance in a rat model of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia was studied. In the diabetic-hypercholesterolaemic rats the signs of oxidative stress-decreased alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol in the plasma (p < 0.01) and alpha-tocopherol in liver (p < 0.001) together with ...

Retinopathy is one of the most severe ocular complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of acquired blindness in young adults. The cellular components of the retina are highly coordinated but very susceptible to the hyperglycemic environment. The microvasculature of the retina responds to hyperglycemic milieu through a number ...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of increased levels of HO-1 on hypertension exacerbated by diabetes. Diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and WKY (control) animals were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes and stannous chloride (SnCl(2)) to upregulate HO-1. Treatment with SnCl(2) not only attenuated the increase ...

A simple poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip was employed to establish a relationship between red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant status and the ability of RBCs to interact with metal-activated C-peptide, a bio-active peptide reported to reduce some complications often associated with diabetes. It is known that the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) ...

Acute hyperglycemia frequently present in stress conditions, has long been generally accepted as normal, and not thought to be a cause for concern since a moderate hyperglycemia in critically ill adult patients has been thought to be beneficial during the "fight or flight" response to ensure a supply of glucose ...

The postprandial state seems to have a direct influence on oxidative status and insulin resistance. We determined the effect of an increase in plasma triglycerides after a high-fat meal on oxidative stress in severely obese patients with differing degrees of insulin resistance. The study was undertaken in 60 severely obese ...

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow cells from humans and animals with diabetes exhibit decreased angiogenic potency, thought to be related to oxidative stress, so the present study investigated if antioxidant therapy would attenuate the diabetes-related impairment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Diabetic mice were given antioxidant therapy, as a daily subcutaneous injection of superoxide ...

PURPOSE: We investigated changes in serum biomarkers of vascular function after short-term, continuous sildenafil dosing in men with type 2 diabetes with erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Men with erectile dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to receive continuous, daily sildenafil (50 mg for 1 week run-in ...

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidative enzymes in leaves and roots of Arabis paniculata F., a new Cd hyperaccumuator found in China. The results showed that 22-89 microM Cd in ...

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a main active ingredient of green tea, is believed to be beneficial in association with anticarcinogenesis, antiobesity, and blood pressure reduction. Here we report that EGCG extended Caenorhabditis elegans longevity under stress. Under heat stress (35 degrees C), EGCG improved the mean longevity by 13.1% at 0.1 ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in diabetic senile cataract. Ten patients with diabetic senile cataract and ten patients with nondiabetic senile cataract (control group) were ...

Beneficial effects of an antioxidant (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) and an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril) were assessed in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by 10% glucose feeding for 20 weeks. Treatments with NAC (2 g/kg per day) and ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) were initiated at 16 weeks ...

Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is usually accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species or by impaired antioxidant defenses. Importantly, oxidative stress is particularly relevant to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, has long been known as an essential cofactor ...

It has recently been estimated by the American Diabetes Association that 21 million Americans, or about 7% of the U.S. population, have diabetes, while an additional 54 million Americans have pre-diabetes. The onset and progression of these disorders and related complications are linked to impairments in glucose and lipid metabolism, ...

Diabetes mellitus and its clinical association with dry eye and ocular surface are becoming a frequent and sometimes complicate problem in Ophthalmology. Epidemiological data show that an increase in the number of patients with this association is expected following the trend to rise of the disease. The present work reviews ...

Exposure to high levels of glucose induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes that may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy in diabetes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene regulation in response to oxidative stress. The role of Nrf2 ...

Analysis of the Framingham data has shown that the risk of heart failure is increased substantially among diabetic patients, while persons with the metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of both atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Sleep apnea may be related to the metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation through hypoxia, which ...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) markedly potentiates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes as compared to the non-diabetic population. After myocardial infarction (MI), DM patients have a higher incidence of death than do non-diabetics. The excess mortality and poor prognosis of these patients results primarily from the ...

The regularity of stress patterns in a language depends on distributional stress regularity, which arises from the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, and durational stress regularity, which arises from the timing of syllables. Here we focus on distributional regularity, which depends on three factors. Lexical stress patterning refers to ...

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus and in diabetic vascular complications. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, improve insulin sensitivity and are currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we ...

In rat ovary chronic cold stress increases sympathetic nerve activity, modifies follicular development, and initiates a polycystic condition. To see whether there is a relationship between the previously described changes in follicular development and metabolic changes similar to those in women with polycystic ovary, we have studied the effect of ...

The therapeutic potential of taurine was investigated under diabetic conditions. Alloxan diabetic rabbits were treated daily for three weeks with 1% taurine in drinking water. The following parameters were measured: 1) serum glucose, urea, creatinine and hydroxyl free radical (HFR) levels; 2) blood glutathione redox state; 3) urine albumin concentration; ...

There is an increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Oxidative stress is increased in diabetes and the overproduction of ROS in diabetes is a direct consequence of hyperglycemia. Various types of vascular cells including renal cells are able to ...

Free radical formation is the pivotal mechanism of neuronal injury of ischemic and reperfused brain tissue. In healthy individuals, antioxidant activity counterbalances free radical production, but in the case of ischemia, the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activity is shifted toward free radicals, causing oxidative stress. The aim ...

Oxidative stress, that is, overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced antioxidant system activity, is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications; and therefore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic tempol should be protective in diabetic kidney. However, the effects of tempol in metabolic syndrome-associated renal injury have not been thoroughly examined. ...

Chronic stress represents a prolonged state of dyshomeostasis caused by intense and frequently imposed stressors. Obesity constitutes a chronic dysmetabolic state, leading progressively to a spectrum of metabolic complications, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Alpha growing body of evidence supports the existence of significant interactions between stress ...

The protective effect of methanol extracts of Cassia fistula (flowers, leaves and bark) was examined in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) against toxicity induced by glycated protein (GFBS) in vitro. The experiments consisted of eight groups of HUVEC with five flasks in each group. Group I was ...

Diabetes can interfere in tissue nutrition and can impair dental pulp metabolism. This disease causes oxidative stress in cells and tissues. However, little is known about the antioxidant system in the dental pulp of diabetics. Thus, it would be of importance to study this system in this tissue in order ...

Growing evidence indicates that insulin resistance and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. In insulin-resistant states, like obesity and type 2 diabetes, altered glucose metabolism may lead to increased formation of methylglyoxal and other ketoaldehydes. Animal studies have shown that increased levels of endogenous aldehydes may ...

Previously, we demonstrated an important role for insulin in the protection of endothelial cells against hyperglycemic stress through maintaining cellular glutathione (GSH) redox balance. The current study focuses on the contribution of insulin to transcriptional control of endothelial cell GSH recovery during acute oxidative challenge and the influence of low ...

Diabetic encephalopathy is characterized by impaired cognitive functions that involve neuronal damage triggered by glucose driven oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation ameliorates learning and memory deficits caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were ...

Previous studies have shown that intranasally administered insulin exerts an inhibitory influence on the basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. To date, however, it remains unclear as to whether intranasal insulin does furthermore affect HPA axis responsiveness in situations of stress. Here, we tested whether intranasally administered insulin attenuates the HPA ...

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is increased and neutrophil function is decreased in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Measures of oxidative stress and neutrophil function were evaluated in 20 control and 15 diabetic cats. Cats were then fed a diet designed specifically for feline ...