Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, will develop within a subset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis. To investigate the relationship between indicators of early DN stages (hyperfiltration estimated by creatinine clearance > or ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in glucose intolerance (GI) compared to overt diabetes (DM2). DESIGN AND METHODS: 140 volunteers including 96 with DM2, 32 with GI and 12 controls (C) were studied. (*)NO metabolites, (*)NO synthase inhibitors, thiols and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity were analyzed by ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. It is often associated with complications, such as cataracts. Cataract, characterized by cloudiness or opacity of the eye lens, is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. METHODS: The present study investigated the effect of lutein, alone or combined with ...

Increased oxidative stress is a widely accepted factor in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative potential of Teucrium polium (Family Lamiaceae) aqueous extract for protecting rat pancreatic tissue against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative stress. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal ...

In the present investigation we report the protective potential of some herbal hypoglycemic agents on antioxidant status and levels of metal ions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity of the herbs was also evaluated. Induction of diabetes mellitus in rats caused an increase in blood lipid peroxide ...

The protective action against oxidative stress of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extract was investigated. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Throughout the experimental period (60 days), diabetic rats exhibited many symptoms including loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, renal enlargement and renal ...

Life-history theory assumes that animal life histories are a consequence of trade-offs between current activities and future reproductive performance or survival, because resource supply is limited. Empirical evidence for such trade-offs in the wild are common, yet investigations of the underlying mechanisms are rare. Life-history trade-offs may have both physiological ...

Diabetes is a major contributing factor in cataract development. In animal models where cataracts develop within days or weeks of diabetes it is well established that osmotic stress from the accumulation of sorbitol leads to cataract development. This mechanism might explain the rare cases of acute cataract sometimes found in ...

Hyperglycaemia has been reported to cause increased production of oxygen free radicals. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and is considered as a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. This study was conducted to ...

Fluoride is an environmental and industrial pollutant that affects various organs in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of taurine (2-aminoethane sulphonic acid) against fluoride-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as the source of fluoride for this particular study. ...

The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic antioxidant, in ameliorating oxidative stress in the testis and liver of diabetic pubertal rats. Male (6 wk old) rats were rendered diabetic by an acute dose (60 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) of streptozotocin ...

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress has been reported to contribute to aging and cataract formation in the lens. The aim was to determine the association of oxidative stress with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in elderly diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. METHODS: In the present study, malondialdehyde, vitamin E, serum AGEs, ...

BACKGROUND: It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and that an association exists between osteopontin (OPN) and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES: It was proposed that malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, would be related to plasma OPN levels in patients ...

Increased oxidative stress and decreased life span of erythrocytes (RBCs) are repeatedly reported in diabetes. In the aim to elucidate the mechanism of the latter, i.e. the events leading to erythrocyte ageing, this study determined in RBCs from diabetic patients iron release in a free desferrioxamine-chelatable form (DCI), methemoglobin (MetHb) ...

Aldose reductase (AR) and TGF-beta have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications, such as cataracts. In an attempt to obtain potential agents for the prevention of diabetic cataracts from natural products, we purified genistein from the roots of Pueraria lobata and investigated its inhibitory effects upon AR activity ...

Oxidative stress has been suggested to be the mediator of hyperglycaemia-induced diabetic complications. For this study we asked whether a significant imbalance between oxidizing and plasmatic reducing responses could be observed in DM1 patients receiving intensive therapy up to 5 years following the clinical onset of the disease. A total ...

The possible contribution of early changes in lipid composition, function, and antioxidant status of abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) induced by a fructose-rich diet (FRD) to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress (OS) was studied. Wistar rats were fed with a commercial diet with (FRD) or without 10% ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural alterations such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, necrosis and focal fibrosis. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage may play an important role in this pathogenetic process. Recent studies have shown that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activated in response to oxidative stress and cellular damage as well, plays a ...

The response of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to sudden vs. gradual changes in different environmental stress conditions during both respiratory growth and aerobic fermentative growth in the presence of excess glucose was investigated by monitoring the level and rate of expression of the stress response protein Hsp12p using the fluorescent ...

Oxidative stress parameters; thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (RBC-TBARS), catalase (RBC-CAT) and reduced glutathione (RBC-GSH) and the intraerythrocytic concentrations of electrolytes; sodium and potassium (RBC-Na and RBC-K) were determined in 18 well- controlled (WC) and 22 poorly-controlled diabetic mellitus (DM). Dogs with DM had significant higher blood glucose concentration (P < ...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to result in increased mortality after ischemic events. Permanently increased oxidative stress with formation of oxygen-free radicals plays a key role in the development of specific heart muscle disease. Associated lesions include structural alterations to cardiomyocytes. Antioxidative treatment in addition to the usual insulin substitution would ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Oxidative stress seems to play a pathogenic role in the vicious circle linking obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Hypothetically, dietary antioxidants should decrease oxidative stress and therefore improve glucose metabolism. However, many interventional trials evaluating the effect of antioxidant supplementation on insulin resistance, plasma glucose ...

Astrocytes play an important role in nervous system homeostasis. In particular, they contribute to the regulation of local energy metabolism and to oxidative stress defence. In previous experiments, we showed that long-term treatment with interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) alone increases glucose utilization in primary culture of ...

Oxidative and osmotic stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cataracts. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) mediate peroxidation of membrane lipids and cause irreversible damage to lens proteins. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in erythrocyte glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (G6PD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress with regard to the concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), pentosidine, glycated albumin, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione redox ratios and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in non-diabetic patients undergoing continuous ambulatory ...

BACKGROUND: Complications in diabetes mellitus are partially mediated by enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species. Among the factors involved in reactive oxygen species formation, advanced glycation end products play a key role. Owing to a reduced activity of the enzyme transketolase, which requires diphosphorylated thiamine (vitamin B(1)) as cofactor, an ...

AIMS: The development of diabetic complications is associated with increased oxidative stress which may damage DNA leading to the activation of nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP overactivation may further exacerbate the oxidative state of the cell through its consumption of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, ...

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes. Currently, there is no drug treatment to prevent or slow the development of DN. Rosiglitazone (Rosi) is a potent insulin sensitizer and may also slow the development of DN by a mechanism independent of its effect on hyperglycemia. A two by ...

Oxidative stress is associated with many chronic diseases. In this review, we look at the role that oxidative stress may play in diabetes and related cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how oxidative damage may be measured in the plasma. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the ...

Obesity and elevated cytokine secretion result in a chronic inflammatory state and may cause the insulin resistance observed in type 2 diabetes. Recent studies suggest a key role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes and adipocytes from obese mice, resulting in reduced insulin sensitivity. To address the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones, ...

Diabetes-induced learning and memory impairment, characterized by impaired cognitive functions and neurochemical and structural abnormalities, involve direct neuronal damage caused by intracellular glucose. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of lycopene, a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, on cognitive functions, oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced ...

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is linked to early apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in that stress. Endogenous ROS generated from attacks of mitochondria on nearby mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could lead to constant ROS overproduction. The authors explored the role of mtDNA oxidative damage ...

Although mitochondrial reduction-oxidation (redox) stress and increase in membrane permeability play an important role in diabetic-associated renal microvasculopathies, it is unclear whether the intra-renal mitochondrial oxidative stress induces mitochondrial protein modifications, leading to increase mitochondrial membrane permeability. The hypothesis is that mitochondrial oxidative stress induces mitochondrial protein modification and leakage ...

BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes increases risk for congenital malformations, particularly cardiac outflow tract defects. Maternal diabetes inhibits expression of Pax3 in neuroepithelium through hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. The neuroepithelium gives rise to the neural crest, and Pax3 expression in cardiac neural crest (CNC) is required for CNC migration to the heart and ...

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are commonly present in obesity and pre-diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia is both a marker and a cause for insulin resistance. However, the molecular link between hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance remains elusive. The present study examined the effect of chronic insulin treatment on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...

Diabetic patients present an increased susceptibility to frequent and protracted infections. The recognition of an impaired immune system has implications for the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of infections. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a redox sensitive transcription factor involved in immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis that has been ...

A calcium channel blocker (CCB), azelnidipine (AZ), is reported to inhibit oxidative stresses, particularly when administered under blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AZ inhibits oxidative stresses more potently than other CCBs under blockade of RAS and exerts renoprotection in type ...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes and ageing are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Under these conditions, increased oxidative stress produces superoxide ions, which in turn suppresses the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. The phophodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors still remain ineffective in 15 - 57% of impotent men. OBJECTIVE: To identify the efficacy of conventional ...

Effects of long-term climatic stress (heat exposure), short-term hygienic stress [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], or combined exposure to these stressors on endocrine and oxidative stress parameters of 4 layer lines (B1, WA, WB, and WF) were investigated. The lines were earlier characterized for natural humoral immune competence and survival rate. Eighty hens ...

Hyperglycemia in diabetes induces increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in the retina, kidney, and heart that may lead to hemodynamic impairment, permeability alteration, and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production. Chronically elevated blood glucose levels may cause oxidative stress in these target tissues of diabetic complications. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to be involved in the development of insulin resistance, although the exact molecular link between ROS and insulin resistance remains to be determined. Chromium (Cr(VI)) is known as an inducer of ROS. Therefore, this study examined whether Cr(VI) could induce insulin resistance. It ...

It is postulated that localized tissue oxidative stress is a key component in the development of diabetic nephropathy. There remains controversy, however, as to whether this is an early link between hyperglycemia and renal disease or develops as a consequence of other primary pathogenic mechanisms. In the kidney, a number ...

Oxidative stress is widely recognized as a key component in the development and progression of diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary L-arginine supplementation as a potentially novel and useful strategy for the management of oxidative stress implicated in diabetic ...

AIMS: To investigate the effect of antagonistic yeast Pichia membranaefaciens on alleviating oxidative stress caused by Penicillium expansum in sweet cherry fruit. METHODS AND RESULTS: At two maturity stages of sweet cherry fruit, P. membranaefaciens restrained blue mold rot caused by Pe. expansum. There was not any decay in yeast-treated ...

Type 2 diabetes is a result of derangement of homeostatic systems of metabolic control and immune defense. Increases in visceral fat and organ adipose, environmental factors and genetic predisposition create imbalances of these homeostatic mechanisms, ultimately leading to a condition in which the oxidative environment cannot be held in check. ...

OBJECTIVES: We examined the synergism of cataract and diabetes in micronutrient and antioxidant statuses versus diabetes mellitus and cataract alone. METHODS: Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D; n = 76), those without diabetes and with cataract (NDC; n = 100), those with diabetes and cataract (DC; n = ...

Thiol/selenol peroxidases are ubiquitous nonheme peroxidases. They are divided into two major subfamilies: peroxiredoxins (PRXs) and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). PRXs are present in diverse subcellular compartments and divided into four types: 2-cys PRX, 1-cys PRX, PRX-Q, and type II PRX (PRXII). In mammals, most GPXs are selenoenzymes containing a highly ...

Whole-body glucose utilization consists of mitochondrial glucose oxidation and non-oxidative glycogen synthesis. We examined whether reduction of both non-oxidative glucose disposal and glucose oxidation contributes to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. We also examined the effects of exercise on these two components. Whole-body glucose disposal rate (GDR, mg/kg/min) was ...

Aldose reductase (AR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway. In diabetes, it is related to microvascular complications. We discovered AR expression in foam cells by gene chip screening and hypothesized that it may be relevant in atherosclerosis. AR gene expression and activity were found to be increased in ...

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inflammatory response to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate weight loss diet (HF) we previously observed was due to oxidative stress. Nineteen overweight subjects (BMI>27 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to either an antioxidant supplement (AS) (1 g vitamin C/800 IU vitamin ...