In Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) resistance and deficiency begin early, and worsen with severity of disease. The factors mediating progression of brain insulin/IGF resistance in AD are not well understood. We hypothesize that AD progression is mediated via negative cross-talk that promotes toxic ceramide ...

Abstract Background: Acute diseases are associated with increased stress and immune responses. Both of these responses are associated with disturbances of glucose metabolism, and it is therefore difficult to ascertain whether these disturbances are related to increased stress alone or a result of the systemic inflammatory response. We investigated the ...

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience stress related to treatment management, feeling different from peers, and deciding to tell others about their diabetes. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship of stress reactivity and coping with self-management, quality of life, and metabolic control in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents ...

Heat stress induces adaptive responses that are responsible for alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic heat treatment on the expression and secretion of leptin and adiponectin, important regulators of energy homeostasis, food intake and insulin action. C57BL/6 mice were subdivided into ...

Abstract Background: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with progression of renal disease, acting as a vasoconstrictor and growth factor for mesangial cells. ET-1 and endothelin A receptor (ET-RA) might have a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aims of this study were to determine ET-1 and ET-RA expressions ...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that inflammation plays an important part in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Cytokines may have a role in both positive and negative control of immunological reactions. Among many cytokines, interleukin 12 (IL-12) is known to be a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine. METHODS: A total of 76 participants were ...

Hypercalciuria is one of the early manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. We explored here the role of α-Klotho, a protein expressed predominantly in distal convoluted tubules that has a role in calcium reabsorption. We studied 31 patients with early diabetic nephropathy and compared them with 31 patients with IgA nephropathy and ...

França EL, Morceli G, Fagundes DLG, Rudge MVC, Calderon I de MP, Honorio-França AC. Secretory IgA-Fcα receptor interaction modulating phagocytosis and microbicidal activity by phagocytes in human colostrum of diabetics. APMIS 2011; 119: 710-19. The effects of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) interaction with its specific Fcα receptors on colostral phagocytes ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Impaired fibrin clot lysis is a key abnormality in diabetes and complement C3 is one protein identified in blood clots. This work investigates the mechanistic pathways linking C3 and hypofibrinolysis in diabetes using ex vivo/in vitro studies. METHODS: Fibrinolysis and C3 plasma levels were determined in type 1 diabetic ...

The advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) pathway is a key mediator of glomerular changes in type 1 diabetes. We evaluated endogenous secretory (es)RAGE and soluble (s)RAGE concentrations in 64 pre-pubertal and pubertal normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes and compared the values with those of ...

This study examines the effect of glucose and insulin on the plasma elimination rate and oxidation of a fat emulsion by using indirect calorimetry in conjunction with lipid and insulin-glucose clamp techniques. Ten healthy subjects were studied on 2 occasions in a randomized, open, crossover study. On one occasion, a ...

Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders occurring in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The prevalence of CD in T1DM varies from 3 to 16%, with a mean prevalence of 8%. The clinical presentation of CD in T1DM is classified as symptomless in approximately half of ...

Alpine skiing and ski training involves elements of static and dynamic training, and may therefore improve insulin sensitivity. Healthy men and women who where beginners/intermediate level of alpine skiing, were studied before (Pre) and immediately after (Post) 12 weeks of alpine ski training. After an additional 8 weeks a third ...

AIM: Prolonged fasting may be necessary in life for religious, medical and other reasons. For this reason, our study investigated the feasibility and safety of a 24-h fast conducted at home for patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with type 1 diabetes performed a 24-h ...

Abstract Background: Monitoring postprandial hyperglycemia is crucial in treating diabetes, although its dynamics make accurate monitoring difficult. We developed a new technology for monitoring postprandial hyperglycemia using interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction technology without blood sampling. The glucose area under the curve (AUC) using this system was measured as accumulated ISF ...

BACKGROUND: Delayed gastric emptying can alter glucose levels in diabetic patients; hyperglycemia can delay gastric emptying. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may be useful to assess the relationship between gastric emptying and blood glucose levels. AIMS: The aims of this study were to compare the postprandial blood glucose profile of patients ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist for adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been shown to be as effective as insulin glargine (IG) for reducing glycated hemoglobin levels combined with metformin or/and sulphonylureas. Exenatide is associated to weight reduction and a higher incidence of gastrointestinal ...

Many reports indicate a hypercoagulative state in diabetes mellitus as result of endothelial damage. Experimental evidence suggests that a metabolic derangement triggers a cascade of biochemical events that lead to vascular dysfunction. The net effect is to convert the endothelium from thromboresistant to thrombogenic surface. In literature, a strong association ...

This article examines the relationship among diabetes-related stress, appraisal, coping and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the transactional model of stress and coping (TMSC) as the theoretical framework. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 201 patients with T2DM was recruited from three ...

Objective. To compare the prevalence of cupular and free-floating deposits in the semicircular canals between temporal bones of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and normal controls. Study Design. Case-control histopathologic human temporal bone study. Setting. Otopathology laboratory in a tertiary academic medical center. Subjects and Methods. Twenty-eight temporal bones from ...

Abstract Background: Obesity surgery elicits complex changes in glucose metabolism that are difficult to observe with discontinuous glucose measurements. We aimed to evaluate glucose variability after gastric bypass by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a real-life setting. Methods: CGM was performed for 4.2 ± 1.3 days in three groups of 10 subjects ...

The 12q24 locus is linked to microcirculation pathology and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with nephropathy and entails the PSMD9 gene linked to T2D. We tested the PSMD9 T2D risk SNPs IVS3+nt460A>G, IVS3+nt437T>C and E197G for linkage to T2D-diabetic nephropathy in 200 Italians T2D families and show linkage to diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied with hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most devastating complications in diabetes although little is known with regards to the HPA activity in type-2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy. The present study was designed to evaluate the HPA ...

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) have recently been reported to be associated with diabetic nephropathy in an in vitro study. However, the literature regarding serum OPG and TRAIL in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is scarce. To investigate the role of OPG/TRAIL in diabetic nephropathy, we ...

A three-year-old boy presented with 2 months of worsening skin lesions characterized by multiple clear vesicles and bullae. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed changes consistent with linear IgA bullous dermatosis of childhood. Treatment with dapsone and prednisolone resulted in gradual clinical improvement. However, within a week of therapy he ...

The purpose of this article is to describe diabetes diagnosed during the first 6 months of life. Neonatal diabetes, also known as congenital diabetes, presents a unique set of challenges for the pediatric healthcare provider. Neonatal diabetes is not type 1 diabetes. While the etiology of type 1 diabetes is ...

The association of celiac disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus is known, but the evolution of celiac disease is most frequently asymptomatic, without any clinical signs. Thus, diagnosis is impossible to make in the absence of serological tests. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and the efficiency of IgA ...

Intensive insulin therapy and protein restriction delay the development of nephropathy in a variety of conditions, but few interventions are known to reverse nephropathy. Having recently observed that the ketone 3-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (3-OHB) reduces molecular responses to glucose, we hypothesized that a ketogenic diet, which produces prolonged elevation of 3-OHB, ...

Recent studies have suggested that mast-cell activation and inflammation are important in obesity and diabetes. Plasma levels of mast cell proteases and the mast cell activator immunoglobulin E (IgE) may serve as novel inflammatory markers that associate with the risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus. A total of 340 subjects ...

Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein-4 (A-FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) have recently been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Serum A-FABP4 and RBP4 levels and their relationships with early diabetic nephropathy were examined in 87 type 2 diabetic patients. The patients with diabetic nephropathy showed high A-FABP4 levels ...

Several studies have provided compelling evidence implicating the Notch signalling pathway in diabetic nephropathy. Co-regulation of Notch signalling pathway genes with GREM1 has recently been demonstrated and several genes involved in the Notch pathway are differentially expressed in kidney biopsies from individuals with diabetic nephropathy. We assessed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ...

Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (3): 323-333 ABSTRACT: Background  The differential diagnosis of various types and forms of diabetes is of great practical importance. This is particularly true for monogenic disease forms, where some spectacular applications of pharmacogenetics have recently been described. Design  For many years the distinct character ...

Female Elkhounds are shown to be at increased risk for diabetes mellitus, and occurrence of diabetes during pregnancy has been described in several cases. Onset of diabetes mellitus in Elkhounds is associated with diestrus. Sixty-three Elkhounds with diabetes mellitus and 26 healthy controls. Medical records from 63 Elkhounds with diabetes ...

The aim is to provide a detailed review of recent publications on cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) with a particular focus on the interplay between cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and diabetes. CFRD is a form of diabetes that is distinct from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. CFRD remains very ...

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common co-morbidity in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). As the life expectancy of persons with CF continues to increase, the need to proactively diagnose and aggressively treat CFRD and its potential complications has become more apparent. CFRD negatively impacts lung function, growth ...

A 2-year-old girl was brought to the Emergency Department having collapsed at home. She was unconscious and apnoeic with a sinus bradycardia of 50 beats/min. Cardiopulonary resuscitation (CPR) was commenced and her airway was secured. Epinephrine and atropine were administered. The blood glucose was found to be <0.5 mmol/l. There ...

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate patients' experiences when diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related distress and self-management years later. Method One hundred seventy-nine adults with type 2 diabetes, 1 to 5 years after diagnosis, completed a questionnaire assessing what they were told and what was ...

To evaluate the effect of prevalent diabetes mellitus (DM) and quality of diabetes process and outcome measures on overall survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients newly diagnosed with CRC. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed. Quality of diabetes ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetically inherited diseases and often complicated by diabetes mellitus. With increasing longevity, the incidence and prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) rise and microvascular complications develop. CFRD is an entity on its own with characteristics seen in both type 1 and ...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous aspergillosis is rarely reported in diabetic patients. AIM: The objective of our study is to report a case of lethal disseminated aspergillosis revealed by multiples skin necroses, with pulmonary and sinusal involvement in a diabetic patient. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old diabetic woman, presented with one month -rapidly -extensive, ...

To determine whether diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) affect the performance of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) algorithms for glaucoma detection. This population-based survey was conducted among Malays in Singapore who were a 40 to 80 years of age. Diabetes was defined as self-report ...

As the life span of patients with cystic fibrosis has increased, so has the prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus. However, screening practices for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus vary widely, which affects accurate estimates of the health burden of this comorbidity. The management of prediabetes and hyperglycemia is an increasingly ...

We evaluated the Lanarkshire Oximetry Index (LOI) for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients, using the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) as gold standard. We included 161 patients (71 men, mean age 63.1 +/- 9.8 years). Peripheral arterial disease was defined as ABI < 0.9. Two ...

An Expert Committee of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommended a move to the use of HbA1c level to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis should be made if the A1c level is > or = 6.5%. HbA1c provides a reliable measure of chronic ...

While the endogenous first-phase insulin response has disappeared by the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), anecdotal evidence suggests that these patients can continue to have a second-phase insulin response during the first 12 months after diagnosis. We hypothesized that patients who are started on continuous subcutaneous ...

To investigate whether the time interval between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis and the first fundoscopic examination is related with the presence and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) observed. A survey of 105 type 2 DM patients referred to ophthalmologic evaluation in the "Hospital das Clinicas" (HC), University ...

Neonatal diabetes mellitus occurs in approximately 1 out of every 100,000 live births. It can be either permanent or transient, and recent studies indicate that is likely to have an underlying genetic cause, particularly when diagnosed before 6 months of age. Permanent neonatal diabetes is most commonly due to activating ...

To examine antidepressant use before and after the diagnosis of diabetes. This study was a longitudinal analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic groups selected from a prospective cohort study of 151,618 men and women in Finland (the Finnish Public Sector Study, 1995-2005). We analyzed the use of antidepressants in those 493 ...

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a unique type of diabetes. In this article I review the pathophysiology of CFRD to gain insight as to why these patients have clinical features of both type 1 and 2 diabetes (DM). The reader will also learn that, although CFRD ...

The diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances is often delayed in a number of individuals due to unsatisfactory reliability and inconvenience of the currently available diagnostic tests. Clinical and economic benefits of an early diagnosis of diabetes are generally acknowledged. However, it is estimated that almost 30% of subjects with diabetes ...