Purpose: To determine whether neuroretinal function, measured by the multifocal electroretinogram, differs between males and females with type 2 diabetes and no retinopathy.Methods: This study included 70 eyes from 70 adult subjects (14 control males, 22 control females, 16 males with type 2 diabetes, and 18 females with type 2 ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a short-duration, culturally tailored, community-based diabetes self-management program (CTCDSP) for Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes delivered at a non-clinic-affiliated community center.METHODS: Forty-one Korean adults with type 2 diabetes participated in a 2-session CTCDSP ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a peer support program for individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes as part of a novel Diabetes Prevention Programme (The UEA-IFG Study). Lay members of the public with existing type 2 diabetes volunteered as peer supporters (termed type 2 ...

Context:It is unclear whether variation in insulin resistance mediates the positive association of fat mass with bone mass in children/adolescents.Objective:Our objective was to examine whether markers linked to insulin resistance [fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc)] are associated with bone mass in adolescents, and if they are, ...

Diabetes is a metabolic disease and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in epidemic proportions. A type I diabetic patient is dependent on daily injections of insulin, for survival and also to maintain a normal life, which is uncomfortable, painful and also has deleterious effects. Extensive efforts are ...

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. Oxidative stress has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. In recent years, selenium has been shown to mediate a number of insulinlike actions in a dose-dependent fashion both ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Hyperglycemia and protein loss are common in critically ill patients. Insulin can be used to lower blood glucose and inhibit proteolysis. The impact of moderate insulin therapy on protein metabolism in critically ill patients has not been evaluated. We compared urinary nitrogen excretion, nitrogen balance, serum albumin concentrations, ...

Aims: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, complicated with renal disease, have a significantly higher incidence in the Canary Islands than in mainland Spain and other European countries. Present-day Canarian inhabitants consist of a mixed population with North African indigenous and European colonizer ancestors who have rapidly evolved from a ...

To enhance glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells, insulin stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular membranes to the cell surface. This response requires the intersection of insulin signaling and vesicle trafficking pathways, and it is compromised in the setting of overnutrition to cause insulin resistance. Insulin ...

AIM: SWING was a prospective, observational study conducted in nine European countries primarily to assess direct treatment costs when switching from short-acting human insulins to rapid-acting insulin analogues (H-A) or vice versa (A-H) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Data were collected at a baseline visit (time of switch) ...

Objectives:  The objective of this study was to examine the associations between indices of liver insulin resistance (IR) and whole-body insulin sensitivity and different cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Design and Subjects:  A total of 8750 non-diabetic men (age 57.2±7.1 years, body mass index 26.8±3.8 kg/m(2) ) were included in ...

The glucose transporter GLUT4 is well known to facilitate the transport of blood glucose into insulin-sensitive muscle and adipose tissue. In this study, molecular, immunohistochemical, and Western blot investigations revealed evidence that GLUT4 is also located in the mouse, rat, and human endocrine pancreas. In addition, high glucose decreased and ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the value of in vivo T2 measurements to noninvasively quantify myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice at 11.75 T. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by extracellular matrix alteration and microcirculation impairment. These conditions might provide electrical heterogeneity, which is a substrate for arrhythmogenesis. ...

The effects of Lycium barbarum and Chrysanthemum morifolum extracts on diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. The diabetes model was induced by streptozotocin. Animals were divided into six groups: the control group received only vehicle; diabetic animal models received no treatment, insulin treatment, Lycium extract, Chrysanthemum extract, or a combination of Lycium ...

The existence of peripheral oscillators has been shown, and they are critically important for organizing the metabolism of the whole body. Here we show that mice deficient in mPer2 markedly increase circulatory levels of insulin compared with wild type mice. Insulin secretion was more effectively stimulated by glucose, and alloxan, ...

Background: Aging is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle size. Muscle is critical both for mobility and glucose disposal. While resistance exercise (RE) increases muscle mass and function in the elderly, its role in improving glucose utilization is less clear. Aims: To investigate whether muscle size was linked with ...

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease, affecting 0.5-2% worldwide. The Massachusetts Male Aging Study reported that up to 75% of men with diabetes have a lifetime risk of developing ED. Type 2 diabetes is associated with low total serum testosterone (TT) identified in several cross-sectional studies and systemic analyses. ...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) degrades angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and is expressed in podocytes. Here we overexpressed ACE2 in podocytes in experimental diabetic nephropathy using transgenic methods where a nephrin promoter drove the expression of human ACE2. Glomeruli from these mice had significantly increased mRNA, protein, and activity of ACE2 ...

Adipose tissues provide circulating nutrients and hormones. We present in vivo mouse studies highlighting roles for Wnt signals in both aspects of metabolism. β-catenin activation in PPARγ-expressing fat progenitors (PBCA) decreased fat mass and induced fibrotic replacement of subcutaneous fat specifically. In spite of lipodystrophy, PBCA mice did not develop the ...

Aim  To explore barriers to prescribing of insulin, particularly delays in initiation, from the perspective of healthcare professionals involved in managing Type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic setting. Methods  The study was carried out in a UK population with high numbers of people of South Asian (mainly Indian) origin. Semi-structured interviews ...

Aims  We aimed to characterize the association of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and β-cell dysfunction in relation to HbA(1c) levels in a non-diabetic range in Japanese individuals without clinically diagnosed diabetes. Methods  This cross-sectional study included 1444 individuals without a history of outpatient treatment of diabetes or use of ...

Aims  To systematically review the evidence for the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemia, insulin resistance, progression to diabetes and complications of diabetes. Methods  Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D or analogues with placebo. We extracted ...

Context:Rodent data show that altered hypothalamic signaling contributes to the development of obesity and insulin resistance.Objective:To determine differences in hypothalamic expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and αMSH in the infundibular nucleus, the human equivalent of the arcuate nucleus, in relation to body mass index (BMI). In ...

In the current study, we determined whether increased digestion of starch by high salivary amylase concentrations predicted postprandial blood glucose following starch ingestion. Healthy, nonobese individuals were prescreened for salivary amylase activity and classified as high (HA) or low amylase (LA) if their activity levels per minute fell 1 SD ...

Background: In normal platelets, insulin inhibits agonist-induced Ca(2+) mobilization by raising cyclic AMP. Type 2 diabetes platelets are insulin resistant and show increased Ca(2+) mobilization, aggregation and procoagulant activity. We searched for the cause of insulin resistance. Design and Methods: Platelets, the megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 and primary megakaryocytes were ...

OBJECTIVE: YKL-40 is secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and involved in plaque rupture. YKL-40 is elevated in coronary artery disease, and predicts cardiovascular mortality. Experimental in vivo and in vitro data suggest a role of YKL-40 in tissue remodeling. A disease modulating potency of YKL-40 was not investigated in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that pistachios can improve blood lipid profiles in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia which could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is also a widely perceived view that eating nuts can lead to body weight gain due to their high fat content. Purpose To ...

Context:GH secretion declines rapidly after glucose ingestion and then recovers to higher-than-baseline levels (rebound GH release).Hypothesis:Selective metabolic markers predict the magnitude of glucose-suppressed GH release and postglucose rebound-like GH secretion.Design:Prospectively randomized crossover study of GH secretion after glucose vs. water ingestion.Setting:The study was conducted at a clinical translational research center.Participants:Sixty-nine ...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle, where it protects against adiposity and insulin resistance via unclear mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that PPARγ directly modulates skeletal muscle metabolism, we created two models that isolate direct PPARγ actions on skeletal myocytes. PPARγ was overexpressed ...

OBJECTIVETo test models of unidirectional and bidirectional change between treatment adherence and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a 2-year longitudinal, multisite study of 225 youth with type 1 diabetes recruited at the cusp of adolescence (aged 9-11 years) to describe the mutual influences ...

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by the glucose transporter GLUT4 plays a central role in whole-body glucose homeostasis, dysregulation of which leads to type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular components and mechanisms regulating insulin-stimulated glucose uptake remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Axin interacts with the ADP-ribosylase tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) and ...

Insulin injection pens have improved the ease and convenience of administering insulin for people with diabetes. This article reviews the data on a new prefilled insulin pen, FlexTouch(®). FlexTouch has a novel injection mechanism with no push-button extension and a lower injection force than other prefilled pens, and other features ...

OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), and predisposing factors to PVD and their effect on diabetic retinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based study. METHODS: The study included subjects with type II diabetes mellitus enrolled from a cross-sectional study. Participants underwent a biochemical examination, and a comprehensive ocular examination ...

Inadequate compensatory insulin secretion is observed during the development of type 2 diabetes and deteriorates over time in a manner that is difficult to reverse. Here, we found that plasma glucose levels in genetically diabetic KKA(y) mice fed a high-fat diet were markedly increased in young mice. However, the levels ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intensified hypoglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on the distribution of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity between high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its relation with the lipid profile and other qualitative properties of LDL. ...

Abstract Background: Diabetic foot ulcers, although associated with macrovascular disease and neuropathy, have a microvascular disease causing ischemia not amenable to surgical intervention. Nitrite selectively releases nitric oxide in ischemic tissues, and diabetes subjects have low nitrite levels that do not increase with exercise. This study explores the safety and ...

Abstract Objective: To describe the use of telemedicine for teaching group diabetes education classes to individuals with diabetes mellitus in a rural medically underserved area. Subjects and Methods: Adults with diabetes from a rural area served by Oswego Hospital in upstate New York were asked to participate in this study. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Nationwide surveys have shown that the prevalence of diabetes rates in Malaysia have almost doubled in the past ten years; yet diabetes control remains poor and insulin therapy is underutilized. This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals' views on barriers to starting insulin therapy in people with type ...

Fenretinide is a synthetic retinoid that is being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer and insulin resistance, but its mechanism of action has been elusive. Recent in vitro data indicate that fenretinide inhibits dihydroceramide desaturase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of lipotoxic ceramides that antagonize ...

The major endpoints for clinical islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes are insulin independence and reduction of hypoglycemic episodes. Both endpoints are influenced by patients' and physicians' preferences regarding the use of exogenous insulin. Therefore, development of an objective endpoint for assessing clinical islet transplantation is desirable. HOMA-beta score is ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complication is one of the most important issues causing morbidity and death in diabetic patients. Primary prevention is a key to prevent this complication. AIMS: The objective was to study the situations of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor controls in Thai type 2 diabetic patients who had no ...

People with obesity and type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the association of leptin with cognitive abilities in an elderly population with type 2 diabetes. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1057 men and women aged 60-75 years with type 2 diabetes ...

In the present study, we examined therapeutic potential of human amnion-derived insulin-secreting cells for type 1 diabetes. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMs) were isolated from amnion, and cultivated to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells in vitro. After culture in vitro, the differentiated cells (hAM-ISCs) were intensively stained with dithizone, and ...

Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness in the United States and disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos. This article provides an overview of the Diabetes and Healthy Eyes Toolkit, a culturally and linguistically appropriate resource designed for community health workers to educate people with diabetes about eye ...

Disparities in prevalence of type 2 diabetes and complications in underserved populations have been linked to poor quality of care including lack of access to diabetes management programs. Interventions utilizing community health workers (CHWs) to assist with diabetes management have demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes. Use of CHWs may be ...

The microbiome continues to demonstrate an important role in immune and metabolic programming. This review will focus on the mechanistic implications of recent findings for diabetes pathogenesis and treatment. Multiple techniques are developing to specify the microbiome. At the same time, new insights have emerged into local interactions of microbial ...

Background The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodies against HBsAg in diabetic children (IDDM) previously vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Patients and methods 110 diabetic children were retrospectively studied and 100 healthy controls were recruited. In all patients surface antigen, HBV core IgG, antibodies ...

The hypothesis that a virus might in some way be involved in the causation of type 1 diabetes has a long history, but decades of research have failed to resolve the issue beyond reasonable doubt. Viruses could potentially play a primary role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes by ...

OTHER THEMES PUBLISHED IN THIS IMMUNOLOGY IN THE CLINIC REVIEW SERIES Metabolic diseases, host responses, cancer, autoinflammatory diseases, allergy. Convincing evidence now indicates that viruses are associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) development and progression. Human enteroviruses (HEV) have emerged as prime suspects, based on detection frequencies around clinical onset ...

Background: The aim of the study is to determine the pattern of retinopathy seen in diabetic patients attending the outpatient clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients who were attending the diabetic clinic and who consented were examined over a three-month period. Information obtained ...