Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), expressed in leukocytes and released upon activation, is associated with CVD and endothelial dysfunction. Postprandial leukocyte recruitment and activation with subsequent MPO release may contribute to atherosclerosis and CVD. We hypothesized that MPO ...

Since the increase of prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T-2DM), the replacing quickly absorbed carbohydrates with a fat source rich in monounsaturated fatty acid to provide improved glycemic control in these patients has become an important assistant therapy. In the present study, we compared glycemic response and safety of ...

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of high glycemic index (HGI) and low glycemic index (LGI) meals on blood glucose levels using continuous blood glucose monitoring in youths with type 1 diabetes. A total of 20 youths on basal-bolus regimens consumed macronutrient-matched HGI and LGI meals ...

CONTEXT: Two-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is related to chronic complications of diabetes and is currently used in the international guidelines to drive the therapy. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the size and timing of post-meal glucose peaks in the everyday life of type 2 diabetic patients and the relationship with ...

Ghrelin is reportedly a meal-initiation signal based on observations that concentrations increase before meals coincident with rising hunger. However, evidence that ghrelin peaks vary with feeding schedules suggests that it rises in anticipation of an expected meal, rather than eliciting feeding. To explore the entrainment of ghrelin profiles, this study ...

BACKGROUND: Reduction of dietary glycemic response has been proposed as a means of reducing the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. The impact of glycemic response on markers of health remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the evidence relating the glycemic impact of foods to measures relevant for ...

We investigated the effects of high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) versus high-carbohydrate enteral formula on post-prandial plasma glucose concentration and insulin response in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy Japanese volunteers. Ten healthy volunteers aged 20.8 +/- 1.2 years and 12 diabetic patients with good glycaemic control (glycosylated ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Postprandial hyperglycemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is accompanied by endothelial dysfunction. We studied the effect of oral glucose load on insulin and glucose fluctuations, and on postprandial endothelial function in healthy individuals in order to better understand and cope with the postprandial state in insulin resistant ...

In observational studies, habitual coffee consumption has been linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We hy-pothesized that the mechanism may be related to delayed effects on postprandial glycemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the glycemic and insulinemic effects of consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated ...

BACKGROUND: The Diabetes Error Test Model (DETM) has been developed to characterize the clinical relevance of the large and varying margins of error of parameters affecting postprandial blood glucose (BG) levels, which increase the risk for hypo- or hyperglycemia. METHODS: The DETM is based on a treatment concept aimed at ...

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a new form of low calorie breakfast in comparison to standard low fat cheese breakfast. A special spread based on egg white was used (Energy content per 100 g: 319 kJ versus 802 kJ, fat content 1.15 g ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate whether a daily intake of a nutrient-balanced ready meal containing 4 g of oat beta-glucans lowers total cholesterol (T-C) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidemic subjects and to evaluate its effect on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. METHODS: A parallel, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 43 ...

Naturally viscous vegetables and natto, made by fermenting soybeans, are very palatable and considered to be healthy foods in Japan. The objective was to assess whether the consumption of natto and viscous vegetables as part of a traditional Japanese breakfast based on high-glycemic index white rice affects glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic ...

BACKGROUND: Binge eating episodes in persons with bulimia nervosa may to some extent be a result of disturbed sensations of hunger and satiety. It has been hypothesized that abnormal appetite sensations may be due to bulimia nervosa-related alterations in the release of hormones that are known to be involved in ...

OBJECTIVE: Diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich oil has been suggested to suppress postprandial hyperlipidemia and promote negative caloric balance by increasing energy expenditure (EE), due to small intestine physiochemical dynamics that differ from triacylglycerol (TAG). We studied the effect of DAG on postprandial glucose/insulin metabolism by loading of carbohydrate with oil. Further, to ...

The role of postprandial hyperglycaemia in contributing to the risk of both micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus is being increasingly recognized. In type 2 diabetes, there is a progressive shift in the relative contributions of postprandial and fasting hyperglycaemia to the overall glycaemic control as the ...

BACKGROUND: The importance of the postprandial state for the early stages of atherogenesis is increasingly acknowledged. We conducted assessment of association between postprandial triglycerides, insulin and glucose after ingestion of a standardized lipid-rich test meal, and soluble cellular adhesion molecules (sCAM) in young healthy subjects. METHODS: Metabolic parameters and sICAM-1, ...

A comparison of the plasma glucose and insulin day profiles between two prandial rapid-acting insulin analogues, insulin glulisine (glulisine) and insulin lispro (lispro), in 18 obese subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Subjects (body mass index: males, 36.7 [33.2-43.8] kg/m(2); females, 40.0 [35.7-46.5] kg/m(2)) received subcutaneous glulisine or lispro (0.15 U/kg) ...

BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of 12 weeks supplementation with a high-MUFA, high-fibre diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on postprandial glucose response in type 2 diabetic patients at risk for malnutrition. METHODS: Forty patients participated in this randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study. Subjects consumed 2 x 200 ml of diabetes-specific ...

OBJECTIVE: Soluble dietary fiber has been shown to attenuate the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This effect seems to be related to its rheological properties including viscosity. We examined the intra-fiber variability between two different processing methods of ...

OBJECTIVE: Influences of gender and body weight on the hormonal response to eating are not well understood. This study was conducted to determine a convenient time-point to evaluate peak postprandial hormone responses and to test the hypothesis that gender and BMI interact to produce differences in postprandial secretion of selected ...

Postprandial hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Increased blood viscosity has been considered a major cardiovascular risk factor and may play a role in the vascular complications of diabetes. The present study aimed to verify whether blood viscosity is altered by the increased postprandial hyperglycaemia in aged type ...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine glycaemic index (GI) of 10 popular foodstuffs/mixed meals in healthy persons. METHODS: Ten tested foodstuffs and glucose standard were consumed in three replicates in the course of a defined 9-day meal plan: puffed rice squares with chocolate, dark chocolate, white bread, ...

An unresolved issue in the field of diet and health is if and how changes in meal frequency affect energy metabolism in humans. We therefore evaluated the influence of reduced meal frequency without a reduction in energy intake on glucose metabolism in normal-weight, healthy male and female subjects. The study ...

OBJECTIVE: The success of an amylin analogue in weight loss trials has generated interest in amylin as a physiological satiety signal. Little is known about how plasma amylin responds to macronutrients. This study examined the effects of a high-carbohydrate meal (CHO), a high-fat meal (FAT) or a continued fast (FAST) ...

Ghrelin is an acylated 28-amino-acid peptide that stimulates food intake, GH secretion, and gastric motility. Experimental studies have suggested that ghrelin plays roles in glucose homeostasis, atherosclerosis, and microangiopathy. We investigated possible involvement of ghrelin in micro- and macro-vascular diabetic complications and glycemic control in diabetic patients. Fasting and postprandial ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin processing to the improved meal-related B-cell function previously shown with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin. Fifty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (56.5+/-1.5 years; BMI=29.6+/-0.5 kg/m(2); FPG=9.9+/-0.2 mmol/l; HbA1c=7.7+/-0.1 %) were studied: 29 patients were treated with vildagliptin and 26 ...

The development of artificial pancreas has received a new impulse from recent technological advancements in subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring and subcutaneous insulin pump delivery systems. However, the availability of innovative sensors and actuators, although essential, does not guarantee optimal glycemic regulation. Closed-loop control of blood glucose levels still poses technological ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel meal detection algorithm (MDA) to be used as part of an artificial beta-cell that uses a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed our MDA on a dataset of 26 meal events using records from 19 ...

OBJECTIVE: Regulation of postprandial (pp) plasma glucose excursions is complex. Insulin and glucagon are thought to play the predominant role. Nevertheless, only 50% of the variation in pp plasma glucose excursions is explained by variations by the latter. Theoretically, gastric emptying (GE) should be another important factor. However, its impact ...

To elucidate if postprandial exercise can reduce the exaggerated lipidemia seen in type 2 diabetic patients after a high-fat meal. Two mornings eight type 2 diabetic patients (males) (58 +/- 1.2 years, BMI 28.0 +/- 0.9 kg m(-2)) and seven non-diabetic controls ate a high-fat breakfast (680 kcal m(-2), 84% ...

Carbohydrate (Carb) counting is a meal planning approach for patients with diabetes mellitus that focuses on carbohydrate as the primary nutrient affecting postprandial glycemic response. The concept of carb counting is not new. In the early 1990's the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) used carb counting as one of ...

Diabetics are recommended to eat a balanced diet containing normal amounts of carbohydrates, preferably those with a low glycemic index. For solid foods, this can be achieved by choosing whole-grain, fiber-rich products. For (sterilized) liquid products, such as meal replacers, the choices for carbohydrate sources are restricted due to technological ...

A simulation model of the glucose-insulin system in the postprandial state can be useful in several circumstances, including testing of glucose sensors, insulin infusion algorithms and decision support systems for diabetes. Here, we present a new simulation model in normal humans that describes the physiological events that occur after a ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans in response to an oral glucose load. METHODS: A four-way randomised, crossover trial was designed in which 16 healthy fasted subjects would consume 75g of glucose in either 250ml of water (control), ...

Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, ventricular hypertrophy, endothelial nitric oxide impairment in systemic blood vessels and the heart, atherosclerosis, and hypercoagulability of blood. The traditional focus on insulin sensitivity and blood levels of markers ...

BACKGROUND: Glucose-induced insulin secretion is one of the contributing factors to fluctuation of ST segment elevation in Brugada syndrome. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of meals on variations of ST elevation in Brugada syndrome. METHODS: We assessed changes of ST segment elevation in lead ...

The present study was conducted to investigate roles of ghrelin in glucose-induced insulin secretion in fasting- and meal-fed state in sheep. Castrated Suffolk rams were fed a maintenance diet of alfalfa hay cubes once a day. Hyperglycemic clamp (HGC) was carried out to examine glucose-induced insulin response from 48 to ...

This randomized, crossover study compared the effects of consuming high-fiber oat and wheat cereals on postprandial metabolic profiles in healthy men. Twenty-seven subjects received oat (providing 5.7 g/day beta-glucan) or wheat (control) cereal products, in random order, incorporated into their usual diets for two weeks. Total energy and fiber (approximately ...

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean +/- SE age 26.5 +/- 2 years, body ...

BACKGROUND: This study investigated continuous glucose profiles in nondiabetic subjects. METHODS: Continuous interstitial glucose measurement was performed under everyday life conditions (2 days) and after ingestion of four meals with standardized carbohydrate content (50 grams), but with different types of carbohydrates and variable protein and fat content. Twenty-four healthy volunteers ...

In most insects, the taste of carbohydrates stimulates an immediate appetitive response. The caterpillar of Manduca sexta is an exception to this general pattern. Despite eliciting a strong peripheral gustatory response, high concentrations of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose or inositol) stimulate the same intensity of biting as water during 2-min tests. ...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy of protein hydrolysate co-ingestion as a dietary strategy to improve blood glucose homeostasis under free-living conditions in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: A total of 13 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind cross-over design and studied on two occasions for 40 ...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the more common and serious chronic diseases across the globe. There are 20.8 million children and adults in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 14.6 million have been diagnosed, 6.2 million people are unaware that they have ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We studied dietary factors and their association with blood glucose control in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents using intensive insulin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 550 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (age 2-19 years) recorded their diet for 4 days in pre-coded food ...

BACKGROUND: Decisions regarding diabetes management traditionally have been driven by the results of fasting plasma glucose measurement or measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), yet glycemic control remains far from optimal in many individuals with diabetes. Mounting evidence implicates glycemic variability, manifested predominantly as postprandial glycemic spikes, as a key factor ...

The aim of this study was to determine the postprandial glucose (GR), insulin (IR), and triglyceride response as well as the satiety response (SR) to low-calorie muffins (LCMs) and to compare them to those of conventional plain muffins (PMs) and bread. The LCMs had a lower fat content, their sugar ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Imbalance of circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAA) versus aromatic amino acids (AAA) and hyperinsulinemia are common metabolic alterations in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of the carbohydrate component of a protein-rich mixed meal on postprandial plasma concentrations ...

We examined the effects of variations in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia on subjective satiety in overweight and obese women. We altered the ingestion rate of a glucose beverage to model the postprandial effects of high- and low-glycemic meals. Fourteen women were tested in a within-subjects' design with two conditions: (1) ...

We have recently shown that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L; carob fibre) decreased postprandial acylated ghrelin, TAG and NEFA during an acute liquid meal challenge test. However, delayed effects of carob fibre consumption are unknown. Therefore, a randomized controlled crossover study in nineteen ...