The roles of free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and adiponectin in the development of the insulin-resistant metabolic disorder in several subjects have been studied. A total of 70 Japanese male subjects were selected according to the following three sets of criteria: subjects in group A had, (1) ...

BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese patients frequently display asymptomatic chronic activation of acute phase response, with potentially adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. Nutritional preparations to improve this phenomenon have rarely been administered. Aiming to investigate the supplementation of flaxseed flour, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, a prospective randomized double-blind cross-over study ...

There have been case reports about adverse effects to glucose homeostasis related to gatifloxacin use. The authors report an elderly, non-diabetic patient who developed severe hyperglycemia after receiving oral gatifloxacin 400mg/d. He was a 73-year-old male, patient with a history of hypertension, cured vesical pheochromocytoma, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic renal ...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia worsens clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Precise glycemia control using intravenous insulin improves outcomes. To determine if we could improve glycemia control over a previous paper-based, manual protocol, authors implemented, in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU), an intravenous insulin protocol integrated into a care provider order ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glycemic control is less feasible when hydrocortisone is given as a bolus compared with continuous application in septic shock patients. DESIGN: Observational prospective pilot study. SETTING: Fourteen-bed surgical university hospital ICU. PATIENTS: Sixteen consecutive patients with septic shock receiving a continuous infusion of 200 mg hydrocortisone/day ...

The effect of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RSG) on biological markers of endothelial dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated in a 12-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind study. One hundred and thirty-six subjects aged 40-70 years, with FPG > or = 7.0 and < or = 15.0 ...

Prediabetes is a condition that does not fall squarely into the primary or secondary prevention domain, and therefore tends to be inadequately addressed by interventions in either health promotion or disease management. Prediabetes is defined as having an impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (two-hour ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether preinduction glucose is an important predictor for perioperative insulin management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Large community hospital. PATIENTS: 80 consecutive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were subdivided into those with a preinduction blood glucose of 110 mg/dL ...

OBJECTIVE: HbA1c values reflect overall glycemic exposure over the past 2-3 months and are determined by both fasting (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels. Cross-sectional studies suggest that attainment of HbA1c goals requires specific targeting of postprandial hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We undertook a prospective intervention trial to ...

Adverse effects and tolerance to dry powder of aerial part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)   Nees were studied in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for a period of 12 weeks. Patients were given powdered A. paniculata starting with 600 mg daily, gradually increasing to a maximum of 1.8 ...

<b>Introduction :</b> At present, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is recommended for fasting plasma glucose of 110 to 125 mg/dl. We believe the actual burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) might be under-estimated when OGTT is performed at that level. Hence we tried to find out fasting ...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease and it is a major problem in medicine, not only for diabetic patients, but also as a general health problem. Physical activity was accepted as a therapeutic approach in diabetic patients. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study ...

Noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus is 2-4 times more prevalent in Turner subjects as compared to normal females, and tends to develop at a younger age, but it is usually mild and responsive to weight loss or monotherapy. The primary pathogenic event is beta cell dysfunction, but insulin resistance also plays a ...

OBJECTIVE: Some authors suggest a glucose challenge test (GCT) threshold of 150 mg/dL in Asian gravidas. The impact of such a policy on outcomes is unknown. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of 1705 Asian gravidas. Subjects (n=95) had a GCT of 140-150 mg/dL and underwent a 3-h glucose tolerance test ...

OBJECTIVE: This open, prospective, non-interventional, non-randomised, multi-centre postmarketing surveillance study was conducted over a mean period of 13.9 weeks to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptance of acarbose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in routine clinical practice. Subjects with IGT ...

Saururus chinensis Baill was reported to inhibit alpha-glucosidase in vitro and flatten postprandial increase in blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We studied the effect of chronic consumption of S. chinensis Baill on blood glucose and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetic male rats fed high fat diet. Male rats ...

BACKGROUND: Current bolus insulin dosing recommendations are based on retrospective studies of patients with Type 1 diabetes in whom the glucose control was not intensely established. Using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we prospectively studied these recommendations in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. METHODS: Thirty subjects were studied over ...

BACKGROUND: Although more frequent in diabetic patients, restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is less common in those with good glycemic control. High circulating insulin levels may also be associated with more frequent restenosis. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 162 diabetic patients immediately prior to the PCI and ...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia occurs in a substantial portion of critically ill patients in our intensive care units. Near normalization of elevated blood glucose levels with IV insulin may improve outcome. However, currently published IV insulin protocol are not ideal; most are relatively complex and often result in hypoglycaemia. We designed a ...

Concern is mounting that atypical antipsychotics cause disturbance in glucose regulation ranging from reversible hyperglycemia to diabetic ketoacidosis and death. It is difficult, however, to know what the level of risk of hyperglycemia might be for an individual patient on a particular medication of this class. We conducted a retrospective ...

BACKGROUND: Sustained hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. The specific aim was to determine if a nurse initiated insulin infusion protocol (IIP) was effective in maintaining blood glucose values (BG) within a target goal of 100-150 mg/dL across different intensive care units (ICUs) ...

OBJECTIVE: Recombinant human growth hormone (GH) and pioglitazone (PIO) in abdominally obese adults with impaired glucose tolerance were evaluated under the hypothesis that the combination attenuates GH-induced increases in glucose concentrations, reduces visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and improves insulin sensitivity over time. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial ...

An automated closed-loop insulin delivery system based on subcutaneous glucose sensing and subcutaneous insulin delivery was evaluated in 10 subjects with type 1 diabetes (2 men, 8 women, mean [+/-SD] age 43.4 +/- 11.4 years, duration of diabetes 18.2 +/- 13.5 years). Closed-loop control was assessed over approximately 30 h ...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of 7-day transcutaneous, real-time, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in subjects with insulin-requiring diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-six subjects were enrolled at five U.S. centers. Subjects wore a sensor inserted under the skin of the abdomen for 7 days during ...

BACKGROUND: Marked blood glucose (BG) fluctuations may increase the risk of some complications associated with diabetes. Acute BG excursions are common in patients with diabetes, but are not usually quantified, nor can they be captured by glycosylated hemoglobin level. This study evaluated the sensitivity of novel analytical methods for assessing ...

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have shown that the combination of chromium picolinate and biotin significantly enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and enhances glucose disposal. The present pilot study was conducted to determine if supplementation with chromium picolinate and biotin can improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes ...

PURPOSE: This study evaluated changes in weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic-related metabolic disturbances who were switched to ziprasidone. METHODS: Eighty-four outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder also having glucose intolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia or weight gain related to their antipsychotic treatment were switched to ziprasidone. ...

1. The aim of the present study was to reveal the possible involvement of thyroid hormones in the antihyperglycaemic and antiperoxidative effects of acarbose. 2. The effects of acarbose on changes in serum concentration of thyroid hormones, insulin and glucose in dexamethasone-induced type 2 diabetic mice were investigated. Simultaneously, changes ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal dose of insulin glargine needed to maintain glycemic control in patients undergoing conversion from intravenous regular insulin infusions to a subcutaneous insulin regimen. METHODS: Seventy-five hospitalized patients receiving continuous insulin infusions were randomized to receive 40%, 60%, or 80% of their total daily insulin requirement, ...

Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) improves the outcome of prolonged critically ill patients, but concerns remain regarding potential harm and the optimal blood glucose level. These questions were addressed using the pooled dataset of two randomized controlled trials. Independent of parenteral glucose load, IIT reduced mortality from 23.6 to 20.4% in ...

An anion exchange resin has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. To examine, in comparison with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, the usefulness of colestimide in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Thirty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of heart transplant failure after the first year. The etiological factors involved are currently a controversial matter. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is considered the diagnostic procedure of choice. We assessed the relationship of cardiovascular risk factors with CAV. MATERIALS: We analyzed prospectively ...

Glimepiride is an oral sulfonylurea antihyperglycaemic agent. We used pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling to analyse the relationship between plasma glimepiride concentration, insulin secretion and glucose lowering to determine the effects of the drug in healthy volunteers. A single 2-mg oral dose of glimepiride was administered to six healthy volunteers. The control ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of pramlintide dose escalation with proactive mealtime insulin reduction, followed by insulin optimization, in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This 29-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 296 patients to pramlintide or placebo as an adjunct to insulin. During initiation, pramlintide ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin (MK-0431) as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycaemic control (HbA(1c) > or =7% and < or =10%) on exercise and diet. METHODS: A total of 521 patients aged 27-76 years ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel method of safe and effective intensive management of inpatient hyperglycemia with use of cost-effective protocols directed by a glucose management service (GMS). METHODS: An intravenous insulin protocol was designed to achieve a glycemic target of 80 to 110 mg/dL. When stable inpatients were transferred from ...

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the prevalence of serum lipid abnormalities in US youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study was a cross-sectional, population-based study, conducted in six centers. Subjects were 2448 youth with diabetes who had a study examination. Outcome measures ...

Insulin is capable of increasing intracellular magnesium, although very little is known about the effect of insulin on the biologically active fraction of magnesium, i.e. the ionized quota (Mg(i)(2+)), its interactions with glucose, and the cellular mechanisms involved in these processes. We studied the interactions of the effects of insulin ...

Intervention studies have shown that angiotensin receptor blocker therapy may reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is unknown whether short-term angiotensin receptor blocker therapy can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant subjects. We evaluated the effect of telmisartan (40 mg/d, 12 weeks) in 20 subjects with ...

OBJECTIVE: Postprandial hyperglycemia characterizes early type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether ameliorating postprandial hyperglycemia with acarbose would prevent or delay progression of diabetes, defined as progression to frank fasting hyperglycemia, in subjects with early diabetes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] <140 mg/dl and 2-h plasma glucose > or =200 mg/dl). RESEARCH ...

Haemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels are lower during haemolysis because of the shorter exposure of haemoglobin (Hb) to plasma glucose. Ribavirin (RBV) used in combination with interferon-alpha (IFN) for chronic hepatitis C causes reversible haemolytic anaemia. This study examined the extent to which RBV treatment influences A1c levels in diabetic patients. ...

Metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia remain a challenge for optimizing long-term health in HIV-infected patients. Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) may contribute to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in HIV. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of chronic inhibition of lipolysis in HIV-infected men and women with hypertrigyceridemia. We hypothesized ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether continuous insulin infusion provides a greater degree of intrapartum maternal glycemic control than rotating between glucose and non-glucose containing intravenous fluids. STUDY DESIGN: Laboring patients with pregestational or gestational diabetes were recruited and randomized to an "insulin drip" or "rotating ...

This study evaluated the association between progressively higher levels of fasting glycemia (G) and insulin resistance parameters with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients referred for coronary angiography. All 145 patients (age 58.4+/-0.9 years, 51.7% men) underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation before coronary angiography and subjects were divided into four ...

OBJECTIVE: Myasthenia gravis (MG) may be associated with the presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChRAb) [seropositive MG (SPMG)] or their absence [seronegative MG (SNMG)]. Along with features of MG, the presence of the AChRAb may relate to the existence of other immune-mediated diseases. We sought to determine the association of ...

BACKGROUND: Among critically ill patients, glycemic control reduces mortality and morbidities, but the use of intravenous insulin infusion is complicated by hypoglycemia. Having a standardized algorithm increases the likelihood of effective and safe utilization of intravenous insulin therapy. A tabular dose-defining protocol for intravenous insulin infusion is described, containing design ...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia occurs in most critically ill patients. Using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we investigated whether intensive insulin therapy based on discontinuous glucose monitoring can achieve normoglycemia (80-110 mg/dl) in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty adults (men/women 31/19, age 62 +/- 16 years, nondiabetic/diabetic ...

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation) is a large-scale trial designed to investigate the benefits of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to address a number of unresolved issues: whether blood pressure-lowering therapy ...

The effects of isolated estrogen therapy on the hemostatic system and arterial distensibility were determined in postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This was a prospective nonrandomized study of 19 subjects (age, 56.2 +/- 4.7 years; body mass index, 27.8 +/- 2.4 kg/m(2) [mean +/- SD]). Inclusion was done ...

Acarbose has been shown to ameliorate insulinemia, suggesting that it may exert favorable effects on the impaired fibrinolytic state in prediabetic patients. We therefore conducted a randomized controlled study to examine the effects of acarbose on fibrinolysis in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The participants were randomized to receive ...