OBJECTIVES: In experimental studies, both high and low levels of plasma glucose are associated with cognitive impairment. In populations, less is known about the relationship between glycemia and cognitive function, especially in persons using glucose-lowering drugs. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 378 high-functioning black and white men and women aged ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and safety of chromium-containing milk powder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Taiwan. A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 30 to 75 years, and on a ...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by cellular and extracellular Mg depletion. Epidemiologic studies showed a high prevalence of hypomagnesaemia and lower intracellular Mg concentrations in diabetic subjects. Insulin and glucose are important regulators of Mg metabolism. Intracellular Mg plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated-glucose uptake and vascular ...

Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a rare cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during the acute stage. We previously reported the case of a 3-year-old girl having presented with typical HUS with diarrhea, microangiopathic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure (17 days of anuria). Transient hyperglycaemia (highest level: 513 mg/dl) was observed, ...

Intake of nitrosamine-rich food has been implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus. The present study therefore examines a possible relationship between consumption of charred meat, rich in nitrosamine in pregnancy and the corresponding development of type 1 diabetes in litters. Determination of blood glucose and serum ...

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enhances the activity of incretin hormones, improving glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This twelve-week randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the specific and potent oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (25 mg, bid, n=70) VS. placebo (bid, n=28) in previously ...

Male mice that are pttg-null develop sexually dimorphic diabetes with hypoinsulinemia secondary to reduced postnatal-cell proliferation and an inability to expand islet cell mass with aging. We therefore examined the effects of sex-steroid manipulation on diabetes development in pttg-/- male mice. Surgical gonadectomy was followed by implantation of 90-day slow-release ...

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine the effect of statin-fibrate combination therapy on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with diabetes. BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a long-term, chronic inflammatory disease that is exacerbated in patients with diabetes. METHODS: Patients (n = 300) with type II diabetes, mixed dyslipidemia (2 or more of ...

Elevated methylglyoxal (MG) levels have been reported in insulin-resistance syndrome. The present study investigated whether MG, a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, induced structural and functional changes of insulin. Incubation of human insulin with MG in vitro yielded MG-insulin adducts, as evidenced by additional peaks observed on mass spectrometric (MS) ...

Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae) is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos seeds was administered orally at different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) to normal as well as sub (fasting blood glucose (FBG) normal; glucose tolerance abnormal) and ...

Large interventional studies have shown that statins may reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is uncertain whether short-term statin therapy can affect insulin sensitivity in patients with the metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the effect of atorvastatin (10 mg/day) in 10 insulin-resistant subjects (age 40 +/- 12 ...

OBJECTIVES: Patients without a history of diabetes mellitus may be incidentally found to be hyperglycemic in the emergency department (ED). If the hyperglycemia is due to undiagnosed diabetes, then an opportunity for detection exists. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provides a weighted average of blood glucose levels over the past several months; ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the incidence of gestational diabetes among black women according to various cut-off values of the glucose challenge test. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of black patients who had a 50-g, 1-hour glucose challenge test between 24 and 28 ...

BACKGROUND: Because of the relationship between inpatient hyperglycemia and adverse patient outcomes, current guidelines recommend glucose levels less than 180 mg/dL in the non-ICU inpatient setting and the use of effective insulin protocols for appropriate patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the current state of glucose management on an academic hospitalist service ...

The aim of the present study is to compare the short-term effects of gliclazide and glibenclamide on the oxidative state and vascular endothelium function of Type 2 diabetic patients in an observer-blinded, randomized crossover study. Thirteen Type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled: one group of seven patients took daily 160 ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the blood glucose concentrations in a group of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), by the use of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). METHODS: Seven women with diet-controlled GDM (group G1), 5 with diet- and insulin-controlled GDM (group G2), and 7 healthy, pregnant women (group N) ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare glycemic control with either regular or lispro insulin sliding scales in hospitalized Type 2 diabetics who were not using insulin as outpatients. METHODS: Forty-three patients with Type 2 diabetes, who were taking oral agents only, were admitted to a medical inpatient ...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for increased mortality of critically ill surgical patients, but despite the recognized clinical benefits of early insulin treatment, there is a lack of understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon. We hypothesized that polymorphonuclear neutrophils, the first line of the ...

Oral administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor reduces postprandial serum glucose and insulin concentrations; thus, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus worldwide. In our study, we have evaluated the effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on age-related glucose intolerance and pancreatic atrophy in the Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rat. ...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is prevalent in critical care, and tight control can significantly reduce mortality. However, current protocols have been considered taxing to administer and may require extra staff. In addition, increased insulin resistance and saturation effects limit the level of control possible using insulin alone. Thus, regulating both insulin and ...

The aims of this study were to determine if impaired fasting glucose should be redefined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L) in Korea. A prospective cohort study was undertaken involving 13189 male workers aged 30 to 59 years who did not have medication ...

AIMS: The oral hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea glibenclamide stimulates endogenous insulin secretion through blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels on pancreatic beta cells, but also blocks cardiovascular KATP channels, leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance and reduced peripheral blood flow in non-diabetic subjects. Therefore, this study examined whether a single oral dose ...

AIM: To determine the effects of pioglitazone treatment combined with insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In a multicentre, double-blind study, 690 patients [body mass index, 33.19 kg/m2 +/- 5.47; haemoglobin A1c (A1C), 9.78 +/- 1.51; mean duration, 12.9 years] with diabetes poorly ...

Nateglinide is an oral antidiabetic medication that acts through rapid, short-term stimulation of insulin production. This study undertook to identify the nature of any adverse effects of nateglinide and to assess its clinical efficacy in long-term use in clinical practice. Patients (n=1014) were recruited from centers in Japan and were ...

A growing number of individuals with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus (IRDM) dive, but data on plasma glucose (PG) response to diving are limited, particularly for adolescents. We report on seven 16-17 year old novice divers with IRDM participating in a tropical diving camp who had recent at least moderate PG control ...

OBJECTIVE: We assessed four putative bedtime treatments in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma glucose concentrations were measured every 15 min from 2200 h through 0700 h in 21 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean +/- sd HbA(1C) = 7.1 +/- 1.0%) ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist interventions, including drug therapy management, on outcomes relevant to diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Ambulatory, multispecialty physician group practice within a managed care environment in suburban Chicago, Illinois. PATIENTS: Three hundred sixteen patients aged 18 years or older, with ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the short-acting insulin secretagogue nateglinide in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3), which is characterized by a defective insulin response to glucose and hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared the acute effect of nateglinide, glibenclamide, and placebo ...

The study was conducted in 12 middle schools to determine the prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diabetes risk factors in eighth-grade students who were predominantly minority and evaluate the feasibility of collecting physical and laboratory data in schools. Anthropometric measurements and fasting and 2-h post-glucose load blood draws were obtained ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a fully automated algorithm for the establishment of tight glycemic control in critically ill patients and to compare the results with different routine glucose management protocols of three intensive care units (ICUs) across Europe (Graz, Prague, and London). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing cardiac surgery ...

<b>AIM:</b> To evaluate the effects of Garsin (garlic extract from Goldarou Company, Iran), on serum lipids and blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <b> METHODOLOGY: </b> A total of 45 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes cases were selected randomly from diabetics attending Yazd Diabetes Research Center. They underwent ...

<b>Aim :</b> To assess the effect of miglitol versus repaglinide on postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in Type-2 diabetes mellitus. <b> Methodology: </b> This<b> </b> open-labeled randomized parallel group prospective clinical trial of 16-week duration included 60 patients of Type-2 diabetes randomly assigned to receive miglitol 25 mg thrice a ...

AIM: To standardize microdialysis in rat kidneys and address cyclosporine A (CsA) effects on renal cortex and medulla interstitial glucose. METHODS: Munich-Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or CsA (15 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. Glucose was assessed by spectrophotometry in dialysate samples from cortex, medulla and arterial plasma. Plasma insulin ...

AIM: To investigate the correlation between liver echogenicity and serum C-peptide levels in type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 231 type 2 diabetic patients (114 men) with a mean age of 64.3 +/- 6.9 years and a mean diabetes duration of ...

To define the respective contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Previous studies of diurnal glycemic profiles are reviewed, and glucose values for predicting successful treatment of diabetes are suggested. By analyzing the results from prior studies of diurnal ...

AIM: Pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations, lowered plasma insulin levels and lowered haemoglobin A1C (A1C) values. Postprandial glucose control has been recently recognized as an important target for reducing overall glycemic burden in patients ...

OBJECTIVE: This postmarketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptance of acarbose treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Patients were recruited in this open, prospective, uncontrolled, non-randomised multicentre study by 159 physicians throughout Taiwan, following the guidelines of the Bureau of National ...

OBJECTIVE: Hypoglycemia and wide glucose excursions continue to be major obstacles to achieving target HbA(1c) values and the associated reductions in long-term complications (and economic costs) in people with insulin-treated diabetes. In this study we evaluated the accuracy, safety, and clinical effectiveness of a continuous glucose-sensing device. RESEARCH DESIGN AND ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential value of lowering the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) cut point from 110 mg/dL to 100 mg/dL. METHODS: Data from pertinent published studies are analyzed in an effort to identify the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality under various glycemic conditions. RESULTS: The risk of ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between changes in the concentration of serum magnesium and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this study were included 110 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (64 men and 46 women) with ages ranging from 19 to ...

BACKGROUND: The will to eat is a decision associated with conditioned responses and with unconditioned body sensations that reflect changes in metabolic biomarkers. Here, we investigate whether this decision can be delayed until blood glucose is allowed to fall to low levels, when presumably feeding behavior is mostly unconditioned. Following ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a water-soluble cinnamon extract (Cinnulin PF(R)) on body composition and features of the metabolic syndrome. Twenty-two subjects with prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome (mean +/- SD: age, BMI, systolic blood pressure [SBP], fasting blood glucose [FBG]: 46.0 ...

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the postprandial lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Postprandial lipids were studied in 20 male type 2 diabetic subjects (age 49.75 +/- 4.82 years) and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls (age 49.55 +/- 4.82 years) after an ...

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder, caused by defects in insulin action and/or insulin production and is defined as a fasting hyperglycaemia of >126 mg/dl, with normoglycaemia being > or = 70 and < or = 110 mg/dl. There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (around ...

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship of patient and critical illness characteristics (including any history of diabetes mellitus) to glycemic control with insulin and hospital mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control descriptive study was performed of patients admitted to a tertiary-care center multidisciplinary closed intensive care unit (ICU) at Mayo Clinic ...

Twenty NIDDM subjects (mild to moderate diabetics) in the age group of 30-60 years were selected from the out patient clinic of G.T.B. hospital. They were on a 40 days yoga asana regime under the supervision of a yoga expert. 13 specific Yoga asanas < or = done by Type ...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acarbose-induced hepatotoxicity and compare other reported cases from the literature. CASE SUMMARY: A 57-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus for about 10 years had been treated with insulin glargine 20 units/day since December 19, 2002. Acarbose 100 mg 3-times-daily add-on therapy for inadequate ...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia is associated with complications in the surgical intensive care unit. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of nurse-driven insulin infusion protocols in lowering blood glucose (BG) in critical illness. STUDY DESIGN: All patients in a 24-bed surgical intensive care unit who required ...

The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of ketosis in type 1 diabetic patients with casual hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dl), to establish the relationship between glycemia and ketonemia during daily life, and to determine the utility of ketonemia. Capillary glycemia levels from 562 type 1 diabetic patients were ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article was to assess mortality risks at different levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Taiwan, with particular attention to those pre-diabetic subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Governmental employees and schoolteachers were followed up for an average of 11 years. ...